Coincidence Principle Research Articles

Optimization study of a new β +-γ coincidence positron annihilation lifetime spectrometer using Geant4

Positron annihilation lifetime (PAL) spectroscopy is a unique method for characterizing atomic-scale defects and ultramicropores in materials. The conventional PAL spectrometer adopts the γ-γ coincidence principle, and its performance, especially the coincidence counting rate (CCR), can hardly be further increased. Another coincidence principle, β +-γ coincidence, has the potential to simultaneously improve the CCR and coincidence time resolution (CTR) of PAL spectrometers. However, early β +-γ coincidence PAL spectrometers have not been widely applied due to the considerable room for improvement in their performance. In this work, we proposed a new β +-γ coincidence PAL spectrometer utilizing silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) array as the positron detector and conducted a comprehensive optimization of its structure with the aim of achieving a breakthrough in performance. The effects of start signal threshold and structure parameters on its CTR, CCR, and proportion of source contribution (P SC) were studied using Geant4. The simulation results show that, with a 68Ge positron source of 30 μCi, the optimized β +-γ coincidence PAL spectrometer can achieve an extremely high CCR exceeding 10000 counts per second (cps) and an outstanding CTR below 160 picoseconds (ps) while maintaining a low P SC below 12%. This study provides valuable guidance for constructing high-performance β +-γ coincidence PAL spectrometers.

Global sensitivity analysis of the maximum live load and its applications

The design live loads are determined by the probability distribution of the maximum live load, which is influenced by the amplitudes and time intervals of various sustained and extraordinary loads. If the relative impact of different input variables on the maximum can be clarified, more targeted load surveys and modeling can be achieved. However, there is currently no global sensitivity analysis that simultaneously considers all input variables. In this study, the probability density function of the maximum live load is determined using the load coincidence principle and probability density evolution method. The relative entropy is employed as a measure for conducting a global sensitivity analysis across five common building occupancy types. The results indicate a significant imbalance in the impact of different input variables. The load amplitudes have a much greater effect than the time intervals. Among various load amplitudes, those related to the extraordinary loads often have the most significant impact. Regarding the time intervals, the occurrence intervals corresponding to the extraordinary loads caused by furniture stacking and normal crowding consistently have the least influence. For the time intervals with minimal impact, it is suggested to treat them as deterministic values in the live load modeling. This treatment has a negligible impact (not exceeding 10%) on the mean and upper fractile of the maximum, which are generally used for design in load codes.

Numerical algorithm for determining serviceability live loads and its applications

The live load duration refers to the period when the live load is larger than a given threshold in the reference period. The smallest threshold that allows the duration to be shorter than the required length is employed as the design live load for serviceability limit states. However, the traditional method only considers the mean duration and the probability that the duration exceeds the required length is unknown. This study proposes a new algorithm to determine the probability distributions of the live load duration. A sustained or extraordinary load process is transformed into a random variable set based on the stochastic harmonic functions. Subsequently, the duration distributions can be derived by employing the load coincidence principle and probability density evolution method. Three numerical examples including one sustained load and multiple extraordinary loads are provided and the results of the proposed algorithm are compared with those of Monte Carlo simulation. The proposed algorithm allows the exact determination of design live loads based on a predefined exceeding probability. As an application, the quasi-permanent and frequent values of seven user categories are calculated when the exceeding probabilities are taken as 10%, 5% and 2%, respectively. It is found that the quasi-permanent values can increase with increasing area and the differences between the frequent and quasi-permanent values can be more than 20 times.

멀티모달코퍼스 언어연구와 채팅대화분석

This study started from the following several premises. 1) Human verbal communication is a social act. 2) Humans interact multimodally with the outside world (including humans) through their sense organs. 3) A language can express data of different modalities due to its zero modality (amodal). This paper introduced Verschueren's pragmatic point of view, Gu's simulative modeling of multimodal corpus linguistics research method, and the principle of coincidence of language expression(言思情貌整一原则). Based on them, SNS chatting conversations reflecting the characteristics of spoken language dynamically were analyzed. As the result, it was shown that the chatting conversations generate meanings by expressing emotions through photos and emoticons and are discontinued by one party.

METHODOLOGY OF RELIGIOUS STUDIES IN THE CONTEXT OF NATURAL SCIENCE AND SOCIO-HUMANITARIAN RESEARCH

The need to deepen research in the field of religious studies is obvious: religion, despite the fact that it is being displaced from the sphere of public and state life in the modern world, is the most important factor in the stability of society and the realization of geopolitical interests. It is impossible to raise the level of religious studies without developing the methodology of these studies; currently, the level of methodological culture of religious studies is low. But how can the goal of raising the level of methodology of religious studies be realized, what achievements in the field of methodology of science should be guided by, how to turn the problems of religious studies into effective forms of research of this problem itself? Analysis of the formation of scientific methodology, both in the field of natural sciences and in socio-humanitarian knowledge; concretization of the principle of coincidence of the subject and method of research; disclosure of the dialectics of the object and subject of cognition; correlation of the essence of religion with the forms of its manifestation in society and the state; the identification of the main trends in the development of the religious situation in the world are thematic areas, immersion in which can significantly increase the level of methodological culture of religious studies and, as a result, deepen research in the field of religious studies.

An efficient load effect combination method based on probability density evolution method

In this paper, a new updated extreme value method based on the probability density evolution method (PDEM) is proposed for the load effect combination of structures subjected to multiple time-varying loads. The live load processes over the structure’s lifetime are modeled as the compound Poisson process. Using the continuous stochastic function representation of the load model and the principle of load coincidence, the load coincidence is expressed deterministically in the combined probability space formed by all the basic random variables. To evaluate the maximum combined load effect with an increasing time domain efficiently, an updated extreme value technology is introduced to reduce the corresponding computational cost. With the help of PDEM, the time-variant probability density function of the extreme value of the combined load effect can be obtained. Taking a reinforced concrete frame as an example, the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method is verified.

On the principle of load combination of structures

In this paper, the principle of load coincidence is investigated to assess the probability distribution of the maximum combined load acting on a structure during its lifetime. By converting time-varying load processes to continuous stochastic functions, the load coincidence problem can be expressed as a coincidence problem for a set of random variables. It is pointed out that, each point in probability space can be regarded as a coincidence realization of these random variables. Meanwhile, the joint probability density function provides a measure of the coincidence possibility for these coincidence realizations. Therefore, a partition technique in the probability space can be used to implement load combinations, and the probability density evolution theory can be used to assess the probability distribution of the maximum combined load. The accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by using three examples of combining loads involving: a sustained live load and a transient live load; a sustained live load and two transient live loads; and a sustained live load and an earthquake. All the analytical results show fairly good agreement with Monte Carlo simulations.

European project of designing new corporeality: mutant body, body without organs, agender body

The object of this research is the introduced into postmodernist discourse concept of body without organs. This article advances a hypothesis regarding the causes of occurrence of the aforementioned concept replacing the Cartesian teaching on parallelism of body and soul. Cultural practices of postmodernism fight against thinking of binary oppositions, which led to repression of the corporeal beginning. On the examples from the field of art and fashion, it is demonstrated that the theoretical model of body without organs finds its practical implementation. In this research the author applies analytical, hermeneutic and comparative methods with regards to the outlined ideas from the area of philosophy and art. The scientific novelty consists in interpretation of art phenomena through the concept of body without organs. The concept of the Theatre of Cruelty developed by Antonin Artaud inspired the philosophers and art community to pursue the experience of a “living body”. Cunningham carried over the principle of coincidence from music to dance, undermining the traditional perception of body as a hierarchical system with organs subordinate to the center. In a commercial sphere, Gucci Luxury Fashion House created a visual reflection of the idea of agender. Abreaction practices in performance art are aimed at liberation of body from imagery. Postmodernists are sure that freedom from dyadic thinking, idea of the center and periphery, principles of hierarchy and teleologicity that are so common to any mind, would lead to regeneration of corporeality and human as such, realizing the true value of the European culture – value of freedom.

Modeling of Precision Machining for Crankshaft Follow-up Grinder

In this paper, follow-up grinding of crankshaft is studied and the mathematical model of follow-up grinding motion is established. Taking the double grinding wheel crankshaft follow-up grinder as the research object, the motion errors of the machine tool are obtained by analyzing the motion relations among the moving bodies. Based on the kinematics theory of multi-body system, the kinematics model of the whole machine tool is established. The position matrix of any cutting point is described according to the kinematic chain of “bed-workpiece” and “bed-tool”, and the precise machining model of double grinding wheel follow-up grinding machine tool is established by using the coincidence principle of tool actual trajectory and tool path. The coordinate system of each moving body is established, the transformation matrix between moving bodies is obtained, and the precision machining model of double grinding wheel follow-up crankshaft CNC grinding machine is solved, which lays a foundation for error compensation of the machine.

Generalized Φ-epi maps and topological coincidence principles

Generalized Φ-epi maps and topological coincidence principles

Frequency Instability Measurement Device Based on the Pulse Coincidence Principle

Context. The task of rapid and accurate measurement of the dynamic characteristics of modern signal sources with a frequency output, in particular, the short-time frequency instability function, calls for refining measurement techniques with account of the requirement to improve their metrological characteristics, reduce test time, and automate measurements by using information-and-measurement systems. Objective. The goal of the work is to develop a method of measuring the short-time frequency instability function using the principle of pulse packet coincidence and experimental investigation of measurement devices based on this principle. Method. A method was developed for measuring the short-time frequency instability function based on the principle of packet coincidence of regular independent pulse trains. The developed method has advantages over the best version of the method based on the period-time interval-code (PTC) conversion when working with the same initial value of the investigated frequency and when working with the same value of the averaging interval. Results. Analytical relationships were obtained for basic metrological characteristics. A comparative analysis was carried out for the metrological characteristics of the developed method and the method using period-time interval-code conversion. Acceptable metrological characteristics are inherent to the short-time frequency instability function (SFIF) measurement method based on the period-time interval-code technique. The difference of investigated and reference intervals form the measurement interval, which is filled with pulses of the investigated or reference frequencies. Conclusions. Stand-alone and virtual measurement devices were developed, and experimental studies of standard oscillators were carried out. The features of measurement devices were specified and the ways of their further improvement were described. Further development of the measurement device can involve an increase in the number of measured signal source with frequency output (SFO) parameters, in particular, changes in short-time frequency instability due to the action of destabilizing factors, and the characteristics and time of frequency setting. This calls for developing a controlled source of destabilizing factors and synchronizing its operation with the measurement device.

Coincidence for morphisms based on compactness conditions on countable sets

We present general coincidence results for morphisms satisfying certain compactness type conditions on countable sets. Our theory is based on coincidence principles for compact morphisms.

Topological coincidence principles

Topological coincidence principles

Paradoks wdzięku. O teatrze marionetek Heinricha von Kleista

The article is an attempt of interpreting On the Marionette Theatre by H. v. Kleist. Kleist as a writer uses the principle of paradox and coincidence in his work. The claim that a marionette possesses more grace than a man is, according to the author of this text, also a paradox consciously applied by Kleist. It mostly concerns the phenomenon of human grace, which is a manifestation of the spiritual state of a person. The author also draws attention to the reception of Kant’s philosophy and Schiller’s aesthetics, out of which Kleist drew radical conclusions.

Topological Transversality Principles and General Coincidence Theory

Abstract This paper presents general topological coincidence principles for multivalued maps defined on subsets of completely regular topological spaces.

Essential maps and coincidence principles for general classes of maps

We introduce the notion of an essential map for a general class of maps. In addition we present homotopy and normalization type properties for these maps.

Essential maps and coincidence theory

Using an elementary approach, we present new coincidence principles for general classes of maps.

The Principle of Coincidence of Act and Guilty Mind with Provocation Defense

Criminal incidents happen, asking a prior situation is affirmative in relation to certain conditions. The problem about the principle of existence has...

이명박 정부에서의 산업안전보건 국가사무의 지방이양 추진에 관한 경과 및 문제점 고찰

The devolution of central government's affairs to local governments for several occupational safety and health(OHS) administration affairs was tried by Lee Myungbak's government in 2010. It seems that the trial was eventually failed since only trivial 3 items among 25 trials were made for the devolution. It was found that there was a procedural fault since stake-holders and experts were excluded during preparing the plan. Therefore validity and problems were not properly reviewed. It was also found that the devolution of the OHS administration affairs from the central government to local governments has several disadvantages such as high possibility of deregulation. The devolution of the OHS affairs to local governments is contradictory to uniform principle of safety standards and principle of coincidence of empowerment and responsibility. Therefore it is concluded that the devolution of the OHS affairs to local governments is inappropriate.

Pseudo-Plate Method of High-Strength Steel Fiber Concrete Multi-Ribbed Slab

Basing on the disadvantages of multi-ribbed slab in practice, a new high-strength steel fiber concrete (HSFC) composite multi-ribbed slab structure is introduced. Because adding steel fibers can improve the capacity of the concrete, it also can make some influence on the mechanic performance of HSFC multi-ribbed slab, such as elastic module, shear module, flexural rigidity, and torsion rigidity and so on. So by the analysis of the material and mechanic capacity and considering the influence of steel fiber, the formulas to calculate flexural rigidity, torsion rigidity, deflection and internal force of the new composite slab are given, in which the multi-ribbed slab is equivalent to orthotropic slab by the principle of stiffness coincidence. The study in this paper can provide some valuable theory references for further study and application of multi-ribbed slab.