Coincidence-anticipation Timing Research Articles

Examining the Effects of Proprioceptive Training on Coincidence Anticipation Timing, Reaction Time and Hand-Eye Coordination

This paper is aimed to investigate the effects of proprioceptive training on coinciding anticipation timing (CAT), reaction time and hand-eye coordination. 42 volunteer students participated in the paper. These students were randomly divided into two groups as experiment and control groups. An exercise program was applied to the experiment and control groups for approximately 3 days in 8 weeks, for about 45 to 60 minutes. Additionally, a 20-minute modified proprioceptive balance program was applied to the experiment group only. Paired sample tests were used. As a result, significant differences were found in the CAT performance, reaction time and hand-eye coordination performances of the experiment group, pretest and posttest (p<0,05). Significant differences were found in dominant hand visual reaction time and hand-eye coordination performances of the control group, pretest and posttest (p<0,05). In conclusion, it is seen that proprioceptive trainings affect CAT performance and reaction time perf...

Effect of Carbohydrate and Caffeine Ingestion on Badminton Performance.

To investigate the effect of ingesting carbohydrate and caffeine solutions on measures that are central to success in badminton. Twelve male badminton players performed a badminton serve-accuracy test, coincidence-anticipation timing (CAT), and a choice reaction-time sprint test 60 min before exercise. Participants then consumed 7 mL/kg body mass of either water (PLA), 6.4% carbohydrate solution (CHO), a solution containing a caffeine dose of 4 mg/kg, or 6.4% carbohydrate and 4 mg/kg caffeine (C+C). All solutions were flavored with orange-flavored concentrate. During the 33-min fatigue protocol, participants were provided with an additional 3 mL/kg body mass of solution, which was ingested before the end of the protocol. As soon as the 33-min fatigue protocol was completed, all measures were recorded again. Short-serve accuracy was improved after the ingestion of CHO and C+C compared with PLA (P = .001, η(p)(2) = .50). Long-serve accuracy was improved after the ingestion of C+C compared with PLA (P < .001, η(p)(2) = .53). Absolute error in CAT demonstrated smaller deteriorations after the ingestion of C+C compared with PLA (P < .05; slow, η(p)(2) = .41; fast, η(p)(2) = .31). Choice reaction time improved in all trials with the exception of PLA, which demonstrated a reduction (P < .001, η(p)(2) = .85), although C+C was faster than all trials (P < .001, η(p)(2) = .76). These findings suggest that the ingestion of a caffeinated carbohydrate solution before and during a badminton match can maintain serve accuracy, anticipation timing, and sprinting actions around the court.

Coincidence Anticipation Timing Performance during an Acute Bout of Brisk Walking in Older Adults: Effect of Stimulus Speed

This study examined coincidence anticipation timing (CAT) performance at slow and fast stimulus speeds before, during, and after an acute bout of walking in adults aged 60–76 years. Results from a series of repeated measures ANOVAs indicated significant rest versus exercise × stimulus speed × time interactions for absolute and variable errors (both P = 0.0001) whereby absolute and variable error scores, when stimulus speed was slow, improved as the duration of exercise increased. When stimulus speed was fast there were significantly greater absolute and variable errors at 18 minutes of the walking bout. There was also greater error at 18 minutes during walking compared to rest. These results suggest that, in a task involving walking and CAT, stimulus speeds plays an important role; specifically walking (exercise) enhances CAT performance at slow stimulus speeds but reduces CAT performance at fast stimulus speeds. The implications are that in everyday situations, where events require dual-task responses to be made at different speeds, for example, walking on the pavement whilst avoiding a crowd, compared to crossing a busy road, an understanding of how different stimulus speeds influence dual-task performance is extremely important, particularly in the older adult population.

Effects of training the coincidence-anticipation timing task on response time and activity in the cortical region

We examined the effects of training the coincidence-anticipation timing task on response time and activity in the cortical region. The task, which used a partially masked stimulus runway, required 12 participants to press a button at the time that they anticipated a moving visual target would arrive at the end of the runway. Training involved practicing the task a total of 10 times (once per day) over a 3-week period. Continuous electroencephalograms were recorded while performing the task before training and after training. The electroencephalograms were subjected to fast Fourier transform to obtain the power density in the beta bands. Peak amplitude and peak latency of event-related potentials were also determined. The results showed that, compared with before training, in the masked section of the task, the percentage of beta band activity was significantly increased in Brodmann's area 6 and significantly decreased in Brodmann's area 46 bilaterally after training. In addition, peak latency was significantly shorter in Brodmann's area 6 after training. These findings suggest that activation of Brodmann's area 6 in the masked section of the task after training might reflect the transfer from processing visual information of the moving target in the visible section of the task to predicting the target's movement in the masked section. In addition, the shortened peak latency in Brodmann's area 6 after training might reflect facilitation of information processing, which is why the mean absolute error was decreased after training.

태권도 앞돌려차기시 제자리 딛기가 동시적 예측타이밍에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of Taekwondo jejari ditgi(step) on the accuracy of coincident anticipation timing. To achieve this purpose, 13 Taekwondo athletics (age; 15.15±.80, hight; 167.38±10.32 carrier; 4.0±1.91) were participated in Apdollyeo Chagi task with 2 different ditgis (ditgi or non-ditgi) and 2 different stimulus speeds (5mph and 8mph). Instruments of measurement were Modified Bassin Anticipation Timer (1475mm long×85mm wide) (Lafayette Instruments Co.) for the experimental test. Three separated 2×2 (ditgi×stimulus speed) ANOVAs with repeated measures were utilized for constant (CE), absolute (AE) and variable (VE) errors, respectively. The results suggested that; CE of ditgi condition compared with non-ditgi was significantly small in 5mile speed, was similar in 8mile. AE of ditgi condition compared with non-ditgi in 5mile was significantly small but AE of non-ditgi condition compared with ditgi in 8mile was significantly small. VE of ditgi condition compared with non-ditgi in 5mile was significantly small but in 8mail was similar. Mean of this results was discussed.

The effect of acute caffeine ingestion on coincidence anticipation timing in younger and older adults

ObjectivesThis study compared the effect of acute caffeine ingestion on coincidence timing accuracy in younger and older adults.MethodsThirteen young (aged 18–25 years, age: 20 ± 2 years, 7 females, 5 males) and 13 older (aged 61–77 years, age: 68 ± 6 years, 9 females, 3 males) adults, all who were habitual moderate caffeine consumers undertook measures of coincident anticipation timing performance pre- and post-acute caffeine (3 mg/kg) or placebo ingestion administered in a double blind, randomized fashion.ResultsResults indicated significant pre-to-post X substance (caffeine vs. placebo) interactions for absolute (P = 0.02, Pη2 = 0.204) and variable error (P = 0.015, Pη2 = 0.221). In both cases, error (absolute or variable) improved pre-to-post ingestion in the caffeine condition but not in the placebo condition. There were no significant differences due to age (younger vs. older adults, P > 0.05) in any of the analyses.DiscussionThe results of this study suggest that acute caffeine ingestion positively influence coincidence anticipation timing performance in both younger and older adults, who are moderate habitual caffeine consumers. Such effects might therefore be useful for older adults in enhancing ability to undertake cognitive-perceptual tasks which involve interceptive actions.

The effect of caffeine ingestion on coincidence anticipation timing, perceived exertion, and leg pain during submaximal cycling

Background: Caffeine ingestion has been purported to beneficially influence cognitive performance during exercise-induced fatigue. Purpose: To examine the impact of caffeine ingestion on coincidence anticipation performance (the ability to judge when a moving stimulus will arrive at a target) during submaximal cycling. Methods: Twenty-five young adults (13 males, 12 females) undertook two 60 min cycling trials at 60% VO2 max, 60 min following ingestion of a caffeine or placebo solution in a randomized order. Anticipation timing was measured prior to ingestion, 55 min post-ingestion (before exercise), and then at 15 min intervals during the cycling bout. Timing accuracy was assessed using error scores. In addition, heart rate (HR), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and muscle pain perception were measured. Results: For anticipation timing, absolute error was significantly lower (p = 0.001) in the caffeine condition at post-ingestion (before exercise), and 30, 45, and 60 min during exercise. Variable error was also lower (p = 0.003) in the caffeine condition irrespective of time point. Heart rate was significantly higher (p = 0.032), and RPE (p = 0.0001) and pain perception (p = 0.024) were significantly lower from 30 to 60 min exercise duration with caffeine. Conclusions: This study suggests that caffeine ingestion enhances anticipation timing performance and reduces perceived exertion and leg pain during exercise. These findings may have implications for improving sport performance.

Development of Coincidence-Anticipation Timing in a Catching Task

This study examined the effects of age, target location, and stimulus speed on coincidence-anticipation timing in a catching task. Males aged 11 to 18 years made simulated catching movements toward a light stimulus that rapidly approached the head or chest at various speeds. Coincidence-anticipation timing accuracy, movement onset times, and movement times did not differ by age. However, 17- to 18-year-olds exhibited significantly faster movement speeds than 14- to 16-year-olds. Target location (head or chest) did not affect coincidence-anticipation timing accuracy or movement speed. However, movements toward the head were initiated earlier and took longer than movements to the chest. Finally, stimulus speed had statistically significant effects on all measures: faster stimuli were associated with longer delays in coincidence-anticipation timing responses, earlier movement onset times, shorter movement times, and faster movement speeds. These results underscore the adaptability of coincidence-anticipation timing abilities for responding to stimuli under varying temporal and spatial constraints.

Effects of Verbal and Visual Feedback on Anticipation Timing

My purpose in this study was to examine the effect of verbal and visual feedback on an anticipation-timing task during a series of acquisition and retention trials. Participants were 48 high school students who were randomly assigned to visual-visual, visual-verbal, verbal-visual, and verbal-verbal conditions. I used a Bassin Anticipation Timer to measure coincidence-anticipation timing. Absolute error and variable error were calculated for 4 blocks of 10 trials in the acquisition phases, and 2 blocks of 10 trials in the retention phase to analyze the students' performances by repeated measures using ANOVA. The results indicated that there was no statistically significant difference among the groups in their performance of the task. Thus, it appears that, for facilitating anticipation timing, whether the feedback is visual or verbal may make no difference to learning or acquiring this skill.

Beta band patterns in the visible and masked sections of the coincidence-anticipation timing task

In this study, we examined beta band patterns during the coincidence-anticipation timing task. The tasks were the coincidence-anticipation timing task using a partially masked stimulus runway and a control task using the stimulus runway with no masking. Both tasks were displayed on a computer screen placed 1.3 m in front of the participants while they were seated in an armchair. Ten healthy right-handed adult men were asked to press a holding push button with their right thumb when a downward-moving visual target arrived at the end of each task. The electroencephalogram during both tasks was divided into three segments: the visible section, the first half of the masked section, and the second half of the masked section. The valid epochs were subjected to fast Fourier transform to obtain the power density in the beta bands. Power in the beta bands was expressed as a percentage of the total power (3-30 Hz) in each segment. The results showed that the percentage of beta band activity in Brodmann's areas 7 and 19 was significantly increased in both the visible and the masked sections of the coincidence-anticipation timing task compared with the control task. These results suggest that Brodmann's areas 7 and 19 mainly contribute toward attention to visual targets in the visible section and to movement prediction of moving visual targets in the masked section. In addition, Brodmann's areas 9 and 10, which were inactive, might affect the response time in the masked section during the coincidence-anticipation timing task.

The effect of exercise intensity on coincidence anticipation performance at different stimulus speeds

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of exercise intensity on coincidence anticipation timing [CAT] performance at different stimulus speeds. Fourteen young adults (11 males and 3 females) volunteered to participate in the study following ethical approval. After familiarisation, coincidence anticipation was measured using the Bassin Anticipation Timer under three conditions: rest, moderate-intensity and high-intensity exercise with stimulus speeds of 3, 5 and 8 mph, set using an incremental running protocol until the participants reached a steady state of 70% and 90% of heart rate reserve (HRR), respectively. Results indicated a significant exercise intensity×stimulus speed interaction (p=0.0001) for absolute error (AE). There were no significant differences in AE across exercise intensities at a stimulus speed of 3 mph (p>0.05). AE was poorer during high-intensity exercise (90% HRR) compared to rest (p=0.022), and moderate-intensity (70% HRR) exercise (all, p=0.004 or better) at 5 and 8 mph. Variable error (VE) was similar across exercise intensities at stimulus speeds of both 3 and 5 mph (p>0.05). At a stimulus speed of 8 mph, VE was significantly poorer during high-intensity exercise compared to rest (p=0.006) and moderate-intensity exercise (p=0.008). There were no significant differences for constant error (p>0.05) across exercise intensities or stimulus speeds. High-intensity exercise is associated with poorer CAT performance. However, stimulus speed plays a key role within this association where faster stimulus speeds were associated with a more marked decrease in coincidence anticipation performance.

Coincidence-Anticipation Timing Requirements are Different in Racket Sports

The aim of this study was to compare the coincidence-anticipation timing accuracy of athletes of different racket sports with various stimulus velocity requirements. Ninety players (15 girls, 15 boys for each sport) from tennis (M age = 12.4 yr., SD = 1.4), badminton (M age = 12.5 yr., SD = 1.4), and table tennis (M age = 12.4 yr., SD = 1.2) participated in this study. Three different stimulus velocities, low, moderate, and high, were used to simulate the velocity requirements of these racket sports. Tennis players had higher accuracy when they performed under the low stimulus velocity compared to badminton and table tennis players. Badminton players performed better under the moderate speed comparing to tennis and table tennis players. Table tennis players had better performance than tennis and badminton players under the high stimulus velocity. Therefore, visual and motor systems of players from different racket sports may adapt to a stimulus velocity in coincidence-anticipation timing, which is specific to each type of racket sports.

The influence of concomitant pitch perception on timing of a coincidence-anticipation timing task

The influence of concomitant pitch perception on timing of a coincidence-anticipation timing task

Learning effect of the coincidence-anticipation timing task: a study in using prediction of time and beta band

Learning effect of the coincidence-anticipation timing task: a study in using prediction of time and beta band

Evaluating the Power of Aspheric Multifocal Contact Lenses

As presbyopia occurs, new visual demands create a need for clear vision at multiple distances. Many spectacle wearers adapt into progressive addition lenses (PAL) in order to see clearly at distance, intermediate, and near. A multifocal contact lens provides the ability to see at these same distances without the prismatic effects of a spectacle lens or the peripheral obstruction of a spectacle frame. No studies have been done to date comparing the effect of these types of presbyopic vision correction on a variety of tests of visual performance representative of everyday tasks.A battery of visual performance tasks were completed by subjects while wearing their habitual PAL spectacles. These subjects were then fit with a multifocal contact lens and wore lenses for 2 weeks or more before completing the tasks again. These functional vision tests included assessments of coincidence anticipation timing, peripheral search and hand-eye coordination, and dynamic visual acuity. Following functional vision testing, subjects completed a preference survey comparing both types of refractive correction while performing common activities of daily living.Performance on the majority of the tests of visual performance were equivalent (P < 0.05) when comparing PAL spectacles and multifocal contact lenses. Survey results demonstrated a preference for multifocal contact lenses overall.PAL spectacles are widely prescribed for presbyopic patients. The findings of this study suggest that in addition to providing excellent vision, multifocal contact lenses provide functional vision performance equal to PAL spectacle wear and patients may prefer them over PAL spectacles.

Sex Differences in Coincidence-Anticipation Timing (Cat): A Review

Coincidence-anticipation timing (CAT) is the ability to judge when a moving stimulus will arrive at a target. 43 articles were reviewed which investigated sex differences in this skill. Performance was typically recorded as one or more of three error measures, absolute error (AE), constant error (CE), and variable error (VE). Despite many null findings, it is argued that the evidence for a male advantage is strong, particularly for AE and VE. 10 parameters typically associated with CAT studies were analyzed (e.g., knowledge of results, number of trials, stimulus duration, and stimulus speed), but none differentiated clearly between the presence and absence of the sex difference. However, when the mean AE score was used as a measure of task difficulty, a male advantage was reliably associated with lower values of AE (easier tasks) and null findings with higher values (more difficult tasks). An attempt to compare sex difference findings from Bassin timer and real-world tasks was thwarted by the lack of studies using real-world tasks. Given little evidence for the influence of socialization on sex differences in CAT, it is suggested that the difference may have originated from the evolutionary selection of women for gathering and men for hunting.

The effect of the visible section and the masking section’s ratio changing during the coincidence-anticipation timing task on the activity of the cerebral cortex : a study of the visible section

The effect of the visible section and the masking section’s ratio changing during the coincidence-anticipation timing task on the activity of the cerebral cortex : a study of the visible section

Sex Differences in Accuracy and Precision When Judging Time to Arrival: Data from Two Internet Studies

We report two Internet studies that investigated sex differences in the accuracy and precision of judging time to arrival. We used accuracy to mean the ability to match the actual time to arrival and precision to mean the consistency with which each participant made their judgments. Our task was presented as a computer game in which a toy UFO moved obliquely towards the participant through a virtual three-dimensional space on route to a docking station. The UFO disappeared before docking and participants pressed their space bar at the precise moment they thought the UFO would have docked. Study 1 showed it was possible to conduct quantitative studies of spatiotemporal judgments in virtual reality via the Internet and confirmed reports that men are more accurate because women underestimate, but found no difference in precision measured as intra-participant variation. Study 2 repeated Study 1 with five additional presentations of one condition to provide a better measure of precision. Again, men were more accurate than women but there were no sex differences in precision. However, within the coincidence-anticipation timing (CAT) literature, of those studies that report sex differences, a majority found that males are both more accurate and more precise than females. Noting that many CAT studies report no sex differences, we discuss appropriate interpretations of such null findings. While acknowledging that CAT performance may be influenced by experience we suggest that the sex difference may have originated among our ancestors with the evolutionary selection of men for hunting and women for gathering.

Coincidence-Anticipation Timing and Reaction Time in Youth Tennis and Table Tennis Players

The purpose of this study was to compare the coincidence-anticipation timing and reaction times (RT) of 10- to 14-year-old tennis and table tennis players and examine possible sex differences. 107 (51.4%) tennis and 101 (48.6%) table tennis players participated in this study. Players were compared on coincidence-anticipation timing and reaction time. Tennis players performed with less error in the coincidence-anticipation timing task than table tennis players, whereas table tennis players had lower mean reaction time than tennis players. It was also found that male players made fewer errors in the coincidence-anticipation timing task than their female counterparts.

The relationship between accuracy of timing response in the coincidence anticipation timing task and brain wave component

The relationship between accuracy of timing response in the coincidence anticipation timing task and brain wave component