Cohesion Scale Research Articles

A Corpus-Based Approach to Investigate the Cohesive Features Across Different Levels of CEFR

Despite plenty of previous studies pointing out the importance of validating the CEFR scale, scant attention has been given to the validation of the CEFR cohesion scale based on learners’ corpus. This study aims to examine the cohesive features of written texts at different levels of the CEFR using a corpus-based approach. Employing the TAACO and Coh-Metrix tools, this study identified identifies seven categories of key cohesive features, namely connectives, lexical overlap (sentence), Type-token ratio (TTR) and Density, givenness, semantic overlap, hypernymy and deep cohesion of the CEFR. The results showed that hypernymy and deep cohesion were the strongest predictors to distinguish CEFR levels and these categories generally kept a nonlinear relationship with CEFR levels. This study provides empirical evidence to further validate and refine the CEFR cohesion scale and casts light on the development of cohesive competence across different levels of the CEFR from the perspective of second language acquisition. More importantly, this study can provide pedagogical implications for learning and assessing cohesive competence.

53 Adolescent Dialectical Behaviour Therapy: Levels of Care

Abstract Introduction/Background A growing body of research supports the efficacy of Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT) for adolescents with various mental health diagnoses, but a traditional DBT program uses intensive resources (weekly individual and group therapy). To see whether a less intensive program could benefit certain participants, a complementary program called “DBT Lite” was designed and implemented at a large acute care Children’s Hospital. The group format (youth and parents together), therapeutic principals and coping skills taught were the same (based on “DBT Skills Manual for Adolescents”, Miller & Rathus, 2014), but DBT Lite involved only group therapy, and was offered over a shorter time frame (12 weeks vs. 19 weeks). Objectives The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of “DBT Full” and “DBT Lite” on improving emotion regulation and family functioning/parental stress and decreasing emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations among adolescents age 13-17 with mental health diagnoses. Participants were not randomized; the treatment was selected according to severity of illness. We hypothesized that both treatment programs would show benefits but that “Full DBT” would result in greater improvements than “DBT Lite” due to its more comprehensive treatment model. Design/Methods Data was collected prospectively pre- and post-treatment from youth and parents participating in both programs over a 3-year period. The primary outcome measures were the DERS (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale), the FACES-IV (Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale, 4th Ed), and the PSS (Parental Stress Scale). Results were analyzed using paired-sample t-tests. We also examined ED and hospital admission data 6 months prior to starting the group and 6 months following completion of the group. Results In “Full DBT”, emotion regulation improved in both youth (n=9) and parents (n=12) post-treatment (DERS total score: youth p=0.02; parents p=0.01). Parents reported significant improvements on measures of parental stress (PSS p=0.002), and family functioning (FACES-IV family communication p=0.000, satisfaction p=0.008, and overall family functioning p=0.002). However, these improvements were not significant in youth measures. In “DBT Lite”, youth (n=16) and parents (n=17) did not report significant improvements in emotion regulation or family functioning, but did report decreases in parental stress (PSS p=0.005). Both groups resulted in measurable differences in acute care use: the percentage of patients with ED presentations 6 months pre- vs. 6 months post-group decreased from 70% to 27% for “Lite”, and 81% to 50% for “Full”. The percentage of patients requiring hospital admission decreased from 13% to 10% for “Lite”, and 56% to 28% for “Full”. Conclusion These results suggest that although “DBT Lite” may not have the same family functioning and emotion regulation benefits as its full-service counterpart, it can still reduce parental stress and decrease use of acute care resources. This study confirms the patient and family benefits of a full DBT program, but also has important implications for centres with limited mental health resources, given that “Full DBT” requires 38 clinician hours per patient to deliver, versus 12 hours for “DBT Lite”.

Transition From Observational to Collaborative Learning to Augment Practical Skill Training in First-Year Medical Students.

Introduction Students exhibit less interest in hematology demonstration experiments as they are not expected to do it during their examination. Adopting a different strategy, like collaborative learning, might spark interest, motivate them to work together towards a shared objective, and help further learning and understanding. The current study aimed to assess the effectiveness of collaborative learning in comparison with traditional practical demonstration. Methodology First MBBS students were divided into two groups of 50 each (1 - collaborative learning, 2 - traditional demonstration). In the traditional demonstration, the experiment was demonstrated by faculty using the required materials. In the collaborative learning method, 50 students were divided into groups (seven of seven each) and each group was provided with procedural details of the experiment and requisite materials. At the end of the experiment, assessment was done. In collaborative learning groups, the team cohesion scale (TCS) was employed to analyze group dynamics.Students' perceptions, and feedback regarding collaborative learning as a tool in practical experiments were collected using a five-point Likert scale. Results Post-experiment assessment scores in collaborative learning (8.65±1.54) were significantly higher than the traditional demonstration group (7.06±1.46). High scorers in TCS consistently belonged to groups that completed the experiment on time (positive outcome), whereas students with low scores often belonged to groups that did not complete the experiment (negative outcome). Conclusion Collaborative learning may be used for practical teaching in medical education as it fosters good communication, enables problem-solving, aiding the Indian medical graduate in fulfilling the role of a team member.

The impact of peer victimization on Chinese left-behind adolescent suicidal ideation: The mediating role of psychological suzhi and the moderating role of family cohesion

BackgroundThe detrimental impact of peer victimization on suicidal thoughts has been tested in numerous previous studies, but the underlying mechanisms tying the two together remain unclear, particularly for left-behind adolescents in China, who are defined as the adolescent staying behind in rural areas for a duration exceeding six months while having one or both parents relocate to urban areas for employment purposes. ObjectiveThis study intends to investigate the relationship between peer victimization and suicidal ideation in Chinese left-behind adolescents and the mediating effect of psychological suzhi (a comprehensive positive quality that related to developmental, adaptive, and creative behaviors) and the moderating role of family cohesion. Participants and settingsA total of 417 Chinese left-behind adolescents (Mage at Time 1 = 14.84 ± 1.08 years; 57.55 % male) were recruited for the study. Participants came from rural counties of central China in Hunan province which has suffered a large labor migration. MethodsWe conducted a two-wave longitudinal study with six-month intervals. Participants completed the measures of the Chinese peer victimization scale for children and adolescents, the adolescent's psychological suzhi questionnaire, the self-rating idea of suicide scale, and the cohesion dimension of the family adaptability cohesion scale. ResultsPath modeling results indicated that psychological suzhi partially mediated the link between peer victimization and suicidal ideation. Family cohesion moderated the association between peer victimization and suicidal ideation. The link between peer victimization and suicidal ideation was weaker for left-behind adolescents with higher family cohesion. ConclusionPeer victimization was found to diminish psychological suzhi, which in turn increases the risk of suicidal ideation. However, family cohesion buffered the negative effect of peer victimization on suicidal ideation, suggesting that left-behind adolescents with greater family cohesion may be better equipped to prevent suicidal ideation, which has implications for future family and school education and provides some ideas and a foundation for future research.

Family Functioning and Intraindividual Reaction Time Variability Interactively Predict Children's Externalizing Problems.

Family functioning including family adaptability and family cohesion, and intraindividual reaction time variability (IIV) which serves as an index of attentional control has been found to relate to children's externalizing problems. However, it remains unknown whether family functioning interacts with children's IIV to predict their externalizing problems based on the diathesis-stress model. The present study examined this concern. Participants included 168 (Mage = 7.35 years, SD = 0.48; 48% boys) and 155 (Mage = 8.32 years, SD = 0.45; 49% boys) children at the first (T1) and second (after one year, T2) measurements, respectively. At T1, a flanker task was used to assess children's IIV. Mothers reported family functioning using the Chinese version of the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scales, and children's externalizing problems using the Chinese version of the Child Behavior Checklist. At T2, mothers reported children's externalizing problems again. Results indicated that family functioning negatively and IIV positively correlated with children's externalizing problems. Furthermore, family functioning interacted with children's IIV to predict their externalizing problems concurrently and longitudinally. Specifically, low family functioning combined with greater IIV predicted prospective externalizing problems. Findings suggested that better attentional control (indexed by lower IIV) may buffer the negative effect of poor family functioning.

Associations between neighbourhood social cohesion and subjective well-being in two different informal settlement types in Delhi, India: a quantitative cross-sectional study

ObjectivesTo evaluate the relationships between neighbourhood cohesion and subjective well-being (SWB) in two different informal settlement types.DesignCross-sectional analysis of a community-based survey.SettingCommunities in two districts, Sanjay Colony, Okhla Phase II...

Team Cohesion in Individual/Team Sports Athletes: Transformational Leadership and the Role of Social norms

Team cohesion is a critical factor in sports, yet few studies have comparatively analyzed individual and team sport athletes in sporting situations. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between transformational leadership, social norms, and team cohesion, and to analyze the moderating effects of individual/team sports athletes. In 2022, a total of 196 baseball, judo, soccer, taekwondo, and hockey players registered with the Korean Sport & Olympic Committee completed a questionnaire using transformational leadership, social norms, and team cohesion scales. Transformational leadership had a significant positive effect on social norms and team cohesion. Social norms had a significant positive effect on team cohesion. Transformational leadership and the interaction of individual/team sports athletes had a significant effect on team cohesion. At this time, individual sports athletes appeared to have somewhat higher team cohesion. This study sheds light on the social norms and team cohesion of athletes from a social moral perspective based on transformational leadership theory. It can also help young athletes who are just starting out to learn the culture and sociology of sports.

Effect of a family-involvement combined aerobic and resistance exercise protocol on cancer-related fatigue in patients with breast cancer during postoperative chemotherapy: study protocol for a quasi-randomised controlled trial

IntroductionCancer-related fatigue (CRF) is one of the most common and debilitating side effects experienced by patients with breast cancer (BC) during postoperative chemotherapy. Family-involvement combined aerobic and resistance exercise has...

Relationship between family cohesion/adaptability and postpartum depressive symptoms: A single-center retrospective study.

Depression is the most common mental illness in postpartum mothers, and the etiology of postpartum depression remains poorly understood. Over the past several decades, studies have reported that postpartum depression is caused by multiple factors, such as genetic, psychological, pregnancy, and environmental factors, with the family environment being an important environmental factor. The theory of family cohesion and adaptability put forward by Olson is a classic model that describes the level of family function. However, to date, this model has not been examined regarding its applicability to patients with postpartum depression. To investigate the relationship between family cohesion and adaptability and the risk of postpartum depressive symptoms. We retrospectively analyzed 1446 patients admitted to the postpartum healthcare clinic of the Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital from April 2021 to December 2021. Patients were grouped according to whether postpartum depression symptoms were reported (symptoms, n = 454; no symptoms, n = 992). All patients completed the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale and the Chinese version of the Family Cohesion and Adapt-ability Assessment Scale II. Baseline and clinical data were compared between groups. Univariate regression analysis was used to investigate the association between different types of family cohesion and postpartum depressive symptoms and the association between different family adaptability types and postpartum depressive symptoms. After adjusting for age, education, occupation, gravidity, parity, and mode of delivery, disengaged [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.36, 95%CI: 1.91-5.91], and separated (AOR = 1.97, 95%CI: 1.34-2.90) family cohesion types showed a higher risk of postpartum depression than the connection type, whereas the enmeshed type (AOR = 0.38, 95%CI: 0.28-0.51) protected against postpartum depressive symptoms. Rigid (AOR = 4.41, 95%CI: 3.02-6.43) and structured families (AOR = 1.88, 95%CI: 1.34-2.63) had a higher risk of postpartum depressive symptoms than flexible families, whereas chaotic families (AOR = 0.35, 95%CI: 0.24-0.51) protected against postpartum depressive symptoms. Family cohesion and adaptability are influencing factors for postpartum depressive symptoms, with higher family cohesion and adaptability being associated with a lower risk of postpartum depressive symptoms.

The Therapy Process Observational Coding System: Group cohesion scale in youth anxiety treatment: Psychometric properties.

There are no well-established measures of group cohesion, defined as the collaborative bond between group members, in group cognitive behavioral therapy (GCBT) with youth. We therefore examined the Therapy Process Observational Coding System for Child Psychotherapy-Group Cohesion Scale (TPOCS-GC), which has previously only been used with adult samples, in a youth sample. Observers coded 32 sessions from 16 groups with 83 youth aged 8 to 15 years (90.7% European White). Youth had anxiety disorders and received manualized GCBT in community clinics. We examined psychometric properties of the TPOCS-GC and its' construct validity in terms ofrelations with pretreatment variables, alliance and fidelity during treatment, and post-treatment variables. Group cohesion was measured twice during treatment (early and late). The TPOCS-GC was internally consistent (α = 0.72) and was reliably coded (M ICC = 0.61). Higher clinical severity at pretreatment predicted lower early group cohesion. Higher youth age, higher clinical severity at pretreatment, and higher youth-rated early alliance predicted lower late group cohesion. Higher therapist-rated early alliance predicted higher early group cohesion. Higher therapist-rated late alliance predicted higher late group cohesion. Higher late group cohesion predicted lower clinical severity and higher client treatment satisfaction at post-treatment. Early group cohesion did not predict any post-treatment variables. A four-item version of the TPOCS-GC can be reliably used in youth GCBT. The TPOCS-GC is distinct from, but associated with, multiple clinical variables.

Death anxiety, resilience, and family cohesion in parents of children and adolescents in the end stages of life.

Adolescents in the end stages of life impose a lot of psychological stress on other family members, which may affect their resilience and quality of life. So, the aim of the present study was to investigate death anxiety, family adaptability and cohesion, and resilience in the parents of children and adolescents who were at the end stages of life. This is a cross-sectional study. Two hundred and ten parents were selected by convenience sampling and completed the questionnaires such as demographics survey, the death anxiety scale, Connor-Davidson resilience scale, family adaptability, and cohesion scale. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation), independent t-test, ANOVA, and multiple linear regressions. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. The findings showed that death anxiety in parents of children and adolescents in the end stages of life has a significant inverse correlation with family adaptability and cohesion (p < 0.001, r = -0.92) and resilience (p < 0.001, r = -0.90). The variables of family adaptability and cohesion, resilience, number of children, the children's illness duration, and marital status can predict 61.34% of the death anxiety variance in these parents. The parents of children and adolescents in end stages of life reported high death anxiety and moderate family adaptability and cohesion, but low resilience. Accordingly, pediatric nurses and healthcare policymakers should develop comprehensive support plans for these parents to facilitate their adaptation and increase their family adaptability and cohesion.

Perceived social cohesion and depressive symptoms among internal migrants in China: The mediating role of social adaptation.

Internal migrants are exposed to higher risks of depressive symptoms due to migration-related stress. It has been recognized that perceived neighborhood social cohesion has direct and indirect associations with depressive symptoms. However, the pathway from perceived social cohesion to internal migrants' depressive symptoms was less discussed. To assess mental health disparities among internal migrants. To investigate the association between social cohesion and depressive symptoms among urban-to-urban and rural-to-urban migrants and to examine the mediating role of social adaptation. Data from the "2017 Urbanization and New Migrant Survey" was used, including 2,584 internal migrants age 18-65 from 10 cities in China. Social cohesion was measured by a six-item modified Community-level Cohesion Scale. Depressive symptoms was measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, and social adaptation was assessed by a single-item question of migrants' adaptation to local life. Multivariate linear regression models were used to examine the association between social cohesion and depressive symptoms. Baron and Kenny's mediation tests were conducted to examine the mediating role of social adaptation on the association. All analyses were adjusted using sampling weights to account for this survey's sampling design. Rural-to-urban migrants were found to have more clinically significant depressive symptoms, lower perceived social cohesion, and fair or low social adaptation than urban-to-urban migrants (all p < 0.001). Being rural-to-urban migrants as compared with urban-to-urban migrants [Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.46, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.456, 1.461, p < 0.001], had lower perceived social cohesion (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.458, 1.463, p < 0.001), and poorer social adaptation (OR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.932, 1.941, p < 0.001), are associated with higher odds of having clinically significant depressive symptoms. Social adaptation partially mediated the association between social cohesion and depressive symptoms by explaining 15.39% of its effect for urban-to-urban migrants and 18.97% for rural-to-urban migrants. Findings from this study reveal mental health inequalities among internal migrants and demonstrate the importance of social adaption on the association between social cohesion and depressive symptoms. Social strategies and public policies are needed to build a more cohesive community that serves both local residents and internal migrants, especially rural-to-urban migrants.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ БАТЬКІВСЬКОГО ВИГОРАННЯ МАТЕРІВ У ЧАСИ ВІЙНИ

Background. In the process of interaction with children, parents face various difficulties that affect their psycho-emotional state. In the conditions of the long war with Russia, in addition to daily routine difficulties, Ukrainian mothers faced the need to protect the life and health of their child in conditions of constant shelling and a real threat to life. Added to this are a number of stressors associated with serious losses: work, health, loved ones, moving to another city or to another country. Prolonged emotional stress associated with existential threat leads to exhaustion, which can lead to increased levels of parental burnout, affect family interpersonal relationships, and increase levels of child neglect and family violence. The aim of our study was to find correlates of parental burnout in women during the war, which are related to the peculiarities of the functioning of the family system and ways of coping with stress (coping strategies) of women. Methods. To achieve the goal of the study, a questionnaire was used, which included the collection of information on the socio-demographic characteristics of the subjects, the "Parental Burnout Questionnaire" by M. Mikolajczak and I. Roskam, the codependency questionnaire by J. Weinhold, the FACES family adaptation and cohesion scale by D. Olson, the coping assessment questionnaire – COPE strategies by K. Carver. Results. The conducted research made it possible to assess the level and characteristics of the manifestation of parental burnout among Ukrainian women during the war. Among the four parameters of burnout, exhaustion from motherhood has the highest level of expression, a quarter of the respondents demonstrate high and very high levels of parental burnout in general. A significant relationship between the characteristics of coping behavior, codependence of a woman, the age of the youngest child and cohesion as a characteristic of the family system was revealed. The most significant predictors of a woman's parental burnout were the level of codependence of a woman, the age of her youngest (or only) child, and the strategy of active coping in difficult life situations. Сonclusions. The obtained results can serve as a basis for further studies of parental burnout of women in Ukraine, as well as for the development of tools for providing psychological assistance to women who have its signs, for the search for resource strategies for coping behavior and the factors underlying it.

Effect of Family Cohesion on Depression of Chinese College Students in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Chain Mediation Effect of Perceived Social Support and Intentional Self-Regulation

Individuals’ perceptions, attitudes, and patterns of getting along with family members are important factors influencing Chinese people’s self-evaluation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of family cohesion on depression and the role of perceived social support and intentional self-regulation in this association. A hypothesized model of the association of family cohesion, perceived social support, intentional self-regulation, and depression was examined. A convenience sampling method was used to survey 1,180 college students in Yunnan Province using self-report. Data were collected using the Family Cohesion Scale, the Perceived Social Support Scale, the Intentional Self-Regulation Scale, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. The findings revealed low to moderate correlation between the variables studied. College students’ family cohesion was a negative predictor of their depression. This association was also mediated by the knock-on effect of perceived social support and intentional self-regulation. These findings show how family cohesion affects college students’ depressive status. Specifically, these results help demonstrate the importance of family cohesion, perceived social support, and intentional self-regulation in optimizing students’ depression, which in turn can promote better psychological states.

Study Family Cohesion Prediction Model Based on Differentiation and Attitude to Love: The Mediating Role of Marital Intimacy in Married Women

Aim: The aim of the present research is to examine the predictive model of family cohesion based on differentiation and attitude towards love: the mediating role of marital intimacy in married women. Method: The research is descriptive-correlational, employing structural equation modeling. The study population consisted of all married women in the city of Isfahan who had been married for at least three years and were currently living with their spouses. A total of 225 individuals were selected as the sample using voluntary sampling. The data collection tools included the Fisher Family Cohesion Scale (Fisher et al., 1992), the Skowron and Smith Self-Differentiation Questionnaire (2003), the Hendrix and Hendrix Love Attitude Scale (1997), and the Thompson and Walker Marital Intimacy Questionnaire (1983), all of which have been validated. To achieve the objectives of the present research, initially, a descriptive analysis of the data obtained from the questionnaires was conducted. Subsequently, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to reduce the independent variables. Results: The results of the data analysis indicated that the second to fifth hypotheses of the research regarding the relationships between the study variables were confirmed. Based on these relationships, in total, 88% of the variations in the dependent variable (family cohesion) were predicted by the variables of the final model. Conclusion: Furthermore, according to the final model obtained from structural equation modeling, the independent variables of attitude towards love, marital intimacy, and differentiation had a direct impact on the family cohesion of married women.

An explanatory model of suicidal ideation based on family functionality and mental health problems: A cross-sectional study of medical students

Background: One of the mental health problems with the greatest impact on people's lives is suicidal behavior, a largely preventable public health problem that accounts for almost half of all violent deaths. The aim of the study is to propose a model that can explain and predict suicidal ideation based on mental health problems (stress-anxiety-depression) and family functionality (cohesion, flexibility, and cohesion).&#x0D; Methods: Our study is cross-sectional. The population consisted of medical interns from all over Peru. Non-probability sampling was used. We used Family Cohesion and Adaptability Evaluation Scale (FACES-III), Family Communication Scale, Family Satisfaction Scale, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21), and the Scale for Suicide Ideation – Worst (SSI-W).&#x0D; Results: A total of 480 participants were included. The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 39Poisson regression analysis adjusted identified that people with anxiety symptoms were more than four times more likely to have suicidal ideation (PR=4.89; 95% CI:1.90-12.64). Also, people with moderate to high levels of family communication were much less likely to have suicidal ideation (PR= 0.07; 95% CI: 0.01-0.41), making it a protective factor. The proposed model presented optimal goodness-of-fit indices (CFI=0.974; TLI=0.974; SRMR=0.055; RMSEA=0.062). In addition, the proposed model can explain the presence of suicidal ideation in 88.3% (R2=0.883).&#x0D; Conclusions: Our model can explain 88.3% of suicidal behavior based on family relationships and mental health problems in medical interns. In addition, the variables that alone were most associated with suicidal behavior were anxious symptoms and family communication as risk factors and protective factors, respectively.

Family Cohesion and Emotional–Behavioral Problems in Pakistani Young Children: A Moderating Role of Interpersonal Skills

This study investigates the moderating role of interpersonal skills in the relationship between family cohesion and emotional–behavioral problems (EBPs) in a sample of 1,452 (boys = 46% ; girls = 54%) adolescents, between the ages of 12 and 19 years ( M = 15.11, SD = 1.33) was selected through multistage sampling technique from Lahore, Islamabad, and Rawalpindi (urbanized cities of Pakistan). Interpersonal Skills Scale (IPSS), Family Cohesion Scale (FCS), and School Children Problems Scale (SCPS) were used to assess the interpersonal skills, family cohesion, and EBPs, respectively. Results suggested that interpersonal skills significantly moderated the relationship between family cohesion and EBPs. Results of the study are discussed by considering the manifestation and expression of interpersonal skills, family cohesion, and EBPs in adolescents of collectivistic cultures.

Neighborhood social cohesion is associated with the willingness toward the booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines among the Chinese older population

ABSTRACT Neighborhood social cohesion is a prominent psychosocial factor during the pandemic, and trust in neighbors is critical for implementing health prevention-related behaviors with public health messages. We planned to specifically explore the association between neighborhood social cohesion and vaccine acceptability among older adults (≥60 years) in China. Using a random stratified sampling method, an anonymous cross-sectional online survey was conducted in mainland China via a professional scientific data platform from May 25 to June 8, 2022. A revised Social Cohesion Scale was applied to evaluate the level of neighborhood social cohesion. Of the 3,321 recruited respondents aged 60 and above, 82.8% (95% CI: 81.5–84.1) reported their willingness to be vaccinated. With all significant covariates adjusted, older adults with moderate (aOR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.04–3.04) and high level of social cohesion (aOR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.29–3.77) were more likely to receive the booster dose. Our findings remained robust in a series of models after controlling for different covariates. Uncertainty about contraindications (38.3%), underestimation of their vulnerability (33.1%), and concerns about vaccine safety (32.0%) were the three main reasons for vaccine hesitancy. Therefore, building a harmonious community environment, strengthening neighborhood communication and exchange, and making good use of peer education among neighbors may become a breakthrough to promote herd immunity, especially for vulnerable older adults with limited social networks.

Eğitim Örgütlerinde Grup İçi Bağlılık: Bir Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması

Bu çalışmada öğretmenlerin grup içi bağlılık düzeylerini ölçmek üzere eğitim örgütleri için “Grup İçi Bağlılık Ölçeği”nin geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, 2019-2020 eğitim-öğretim yılında Uşak il merkezinde görev yapan 320 öğretmenden elde edilen veriler analiz edilmiştir. Ölçeğin geçerlik çalışması kapsamında açımlayıcı faktör analizi yapılmış (AFA) ve sonuçlar doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) ile test edilmiştir. Boyutların ilişkisini belirlemek amacıyla boyutlar arası korelasyon analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ölçeğin güvenirliğinin belirlenmesi adına çalışmada Cronbach alfa güvenirlik katsayısı belirlenmiş ve madde-toplam puan korelasyonları incelenmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen analizler sonucu geliştirilen ölçeğin üç faktörlü bir yapıya sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ölçek maddelerinin faktör yük değerleri 0,49 ile 0,76, madde-toplam korelasyonları 0,30 ile 0,76, güvenirlik katsayıları ise 0,70 ile 0,80 arasında değişmektedir. Geliştirilen ölçeğin, öğretmenlerin grup içi bağlılıklarını ölçmek adına geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu söylenebilir.

Race and Ethnicity Differences in Walking and Associations with Neighborhood Perceptions among Older Adults in California.

This paper estimates differences in walking and associations of walking with neighborhood perceptions among older adults in California. We analyzed the restricted-use California Health Interview Survey data merged with the American Community Survey data. Walking at least 10minutes for leisure in the last 7days and number of minutes walked were regressed on perceived neighborhood social cohesion scale (PNSCS) and neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics. We estimated ordinary least squares regression models. We found that positive neighborhood perceptions were significantly (p< 0.05) associated with walking among older Hispanic and Asian adults. Older Hispanic adults with above median PNSCS report that they walk 6.3 percentage points more than Non-Hispanic White adults. Older adults' perceptions of their neighbors and neighborhoods are positively correlated with walking. Policymakers can consider ways to improve neighborhood perceptions and relationships to help increase walking among minority older adults especially in low SES neighborhoods.