Coherent Sequence Research Articles

Learning about social determinants of health through chronicles, using a virtual learning environment

To describe the contributions of a pedagogical strategy based on the construction of chronicles, using a Virtual Learning Environment for training medical students from Universidad de La Sabana on social determinants of health. Descriptive study with a qualitative approach. Design and implementation of a Virtual Learning Environment based on the ADDIE instructional model. A Virtual Learning Environment was implemented with an instructional design based on the five phases of the ADDIE model, on the grounds of meaningful learning and social constructivism, and through the narration of chronicles or life stories as a pedagogical strategy. During the course, the structural determinants and intermediaries were addressed, and nine chronicles were produced by working groups made up of four or five students, who demonstrated meaningful learning from real life stories, presented a coherent sequence, and kept a thread; 82% of these students incorporated in their contents most of the social determinants of health, emphasizing on the concepts of equity or inequity, equality or inequality, justice or injustice and social cohesion. A Virtual Learning Environment, based on an appropriate instructional design, allows to facilitate learning of social determinants of health through a constructivist pedagogical approach by analyzing chronicles or life stories created by ninth-semester students of medicine from Universidad de La Sabana.

Temporal coherence structure rapidly shapes neuronal interactions

Perception of segregated sources is essential in navigating cluttered acoustic environments. A basic mechanism to implement this process is the temporal coherence principle. It postulates that a signal is perceived as emitted from a single source only when all of its features are temporally modulated coherently, causing them to bind perceptually. Here we report on neural correlates of this process as rapidly reshaped interactions in primary auditory cortex, measured in three different ways: as changes in response rates, as adaptations of spectrotemporal receptive fields following stimulation by temporally coherent and incoherent tone sequences, and as changes in spiking correlations during the tone sequences. Responses, sensitivity and presumed connectivity were rapidly enhanced by synchronous stimuli, and suppressed by alternating (asynchronous) sounds, but only when the animals engaged in task performance and were attentive to the stimuli. Temporal coherence and attention are therefore both important factors in auditory scene analysis.

Steady-state coherent imaging sequence in MRI is useful in the diagnosis of choroid plexus cyst : a case report

Steady-state coherent imaging sequence in MRI is useful in the diagnosis of choroid plexus cyst : a case report

Modeling of Doppler frequency shift in multipath radio channels

We discuss the modeling of propagation of a quasi-monochromatic radio signal, represented by a coherent pulse sequence, in a non-stationary multipath radio channel. In such a channel, signal propagation results in the observed frequency shift for each ray (Doppler effect). The modeling is based on the assumption that during propagation of a single pulse a channel can be considered stationary. A phase variation in the channel transfer function is shown to cause the observed frequency shift in the received signal. Thus, instead of measuring the Doppler frequency shift, we can measure the rate of variation in the mean phase of one pulse relative to another. The modeling is carried out within the framework of the method of normal waves. The method enables us to model the dynamics of the electromagnetic field at a given point with the required accuracy. The modeling reveals that a local change in ionospheric conditions more severely affects the rays whose reflection region is in the area where the changes occur.

4D Reconstruction of Blooming Flowers

AbstractFlower blooming is a beautiful phenomenon in nature as flowers open in an intricate and complex manner whereas petals bend, stretch and twist under various deformations. Flower petals are typically thin structures arranged in tight configurations with heavy self‐occlusions. Thus, capturing and reconstructing spatially and temporally coherent sequences of blooming flowers is highly challenging. Early in the process only exterior petals are visible and thus interior parts will be completely missing in the captured data. Utilizing commercially available 3D scanners, we capture the visible parts of blooming flowers into a sequence of 3D point clouds. We reconstruct the flower geometry and deformation over time using a template‐based dynamic tracking algorithm. To track and model interior petals hidden in early stages of the blooming process, we employ an adaptively constrained optimization. Flower characteristics are exploited to track petals both forward and backward in time. Our methods allow us to faithfully reconstruct the flower blooming process of different species. In addition, we provide comparisons with state‐of‐the‐art physical simulation‐based approaches and evaluate our approach by using photos of captured real flowers.

위상 신호에 대한 부가 정보가 없는 SLM 기반 OFDM 시스템을 위한 동기식 위상 신호 검출 방식

OFDM 시스템을 위한 PAPR (peak-to-average power ratio) 저감 기법 중 하나인 SLM (selective mapping) 방식은 구현이 간단하고 전송 신호에 왜곡이 생기지 않는 매우 유용한 PAPR 저감 기법이다. 본 논문에서는 위상 신호에 대한 부가 정보(side information)를 전송하지 않는 SLM 기반 OFDM 시스템에 적용 가능한 동기식 위상 신호 검출 방식을 제시하고자 한다. 우선 동기식 합(coherent summation)에 기반하여 위상 신호를 검출할 수 있도록 하기 위해, 위상 신호의 일부를 직교 부호로 대치시키는 새로운 위상 신호 설계 방법을 제안한다. 또한 새로이 제안된 위상 신호에 기초하여 부가 정보가 필요 없는 동기식 위상 신호 검출 기준(detection criterion)을 제안한다. 컴퓨터 모의실험을 통해, 제안된 방식이 SLM 기반 OFDM 시스템에서 정상적으로 동작함을 보이고, 위상 신호 검출에 사용되는 부반송파 간 채널의 변화가 적은 환경에서 기존 방식보다 위상신호 검출 성능이 우수함을 보이고자 한다.

Моделирование доплеровского сдвига частоты в многолучевых радиоканалах

We discuss the modeling of propagation of a quasi-monochromatic radio signal, represented by a coherent pulse sequence, in a non-stationary multipath radio channel. In such a channel, signal propagation results in the observed frequency shift for each ray (Doppler effect). The modeling is based on the assumption that during propagation of a single pulse a channel can be considered stationary. A phase change in the channel transfer function is shown to cause the observed frequency shift in the received signal. Thus, instead of measuring the Doppler frequency shift, we can measure the rate of change in the mean phase of one pulse relative to another. The modeling is carried out within the framework of the method of normal waves. The method enables us to model the dynamics of the electromagnetic field at a given point with the required accuracy. The modeling reveals that a local change in ionospheric conditions more severely affects the rays whose reflection region is in the area where the changes occur.

A 3D+t Laplace operator for temporal mesh sequences

The Laplace operator plays a fundamental role in geometry processing. Several discrete versions have been proposed for 3D meshes and point clouds, among others. We define here a discrete Laplace operator for temporally coherent mesh sequences, which allows to process mesh animations in a simple yet efficient way. This operator is a discretisation of the Laplace–Beltrami operator using Discrete Exterior Calculus on CW complexes embedded in a four-dimensional space. A parameter is introduced to tune the influence of the motion with respect to the geometry. This enables straightforward generalisation of existing Laplacian static mesh processing works to mesh sequences. An application to spacetime editing is provided as example.

Regional correlation of a late Permian coherent sequence recognized within the Kurosegawa Belt in Shima Peninsula, Mie Prefecture, Southwest Japan

Regional correlation of a late Permian coherent sequence recognized within the Kurosegawa Belt in Shima Peninsula, Mie Prefecture, Southwest Japan

Reading Without Words: Eye Movements in the Comprehension of Comic Strips

SummaryThe study of attention in pictures is mostly limited to individual images. When we ‘read’ a visual narrative (e.g., a comic strip), the pictures have a coherent sequence, but it is not known how this affects attention. In two experiments, we eyetracked participants in order to investigate how disrupting the visual sequence of a comic strip would affect attention. Both when panels were presented one at a time (Experiment 1) and when a sequence was presented all together (Experiment 2), pictures were understood more quickly and with fewer fixations when in their original order. When order was randomised, the same pictures required more attention and additional ‘regressions’. Fixation distributions also differed when the narrative was intact, showing that context affects where we look. This reveals the role of top‐down structures when we attend to pictorial information, as well as providing a springboard for applied research into attention within image sequences.Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Procedural learning as a measure of functional impairment in a mouse model of ischemic stroke

Basal ganglia stroke is often associated with functional deficits in patients, including difficulties to learn and execute new motor skills (procedural learning). To measure procedural learning in a murine model of stroke (30min right MCAO), we submitted C57Bl/6J mice to various sensorimotor tests, then to an operant procedure (Serial Order Learning) specifically assessing the ability to learn a simple motor sequence. Results showed that MCAO affected the performance in some of the sensorimotor tests (accelerated rotating rod and amphetamine rotation test) and the way animals learned a motor sequence. The later finding seems to be caused by difficulties regarding the chunking of operant actions into a coherent motor sequence; the appeal for food rewards and ability to press levers appeared unaffected by MCAO. We conclude that assessment of motor learning in rodent models of stroke might improve the translational value of such models.

Three layers of history in recurrent social movements: the case of food reform

Using the understudied genre of food reform movements for illustration, we advocate greater attention to recurrent social movements. Analysis of these movements calls for combining three levels of historical analysis. One links the incidence and character of mobilization to long-term, large-scale historical changes; the second shows how periods of activism are also animated and shaped by specific historical contexts; and the third tracks legacies from earlier to later periods, thus both tracing additional causal influences and connecting separate cases into coherent sequences. The social movements literature includes excellent examples of each type of historical account. Combining types is much less common. Doing so, we contend, offers methodological advantages for scholars comparing and sequencing mobilization around similar problems in different historical periods. We develop the argument from three eras of food protest: Grahamites in the 1830s and early 1840s, dietary reformers and food safety campaigners of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and organic advocates who gained popular support beginning in the late 1960s.

Fact or fiction? A longitudinal study of play and the development of reflective functioning.

In Fonagy and Target's (1996, 2000) developmental model of mentalization, play is theorized as a precursor of later mentalization and reflective function (RF); however, the relationship between play and later mentalization and RF has yet to be empirically tested. These processes are particularly important in the context of trauma, but an empirical model of the relationships among mentalization, play, and trauma is currently lacking. The aim of this longitudinal study was to examine whether children's capacity to engage in pretend play, to symbolize, and to make play narratives was associated with later RF in those children. Thirty-nine sexually abused children and 21 nonabused children (aged 3 to 8) participated in the study. The Children's Play Therapy Instrument was used to assess children's free play. Three years after the play assessment, children's RF was assessed using the Child Attachment Interview, coded with the Child and Adolescent Reflective Functioning Scale. Pretend play completion was associated with later other-understanding. Play was also found to mediate the relationship between sexual abuse and children's later mentalization regarding others. These findings are consistent with Fonagy and Target's emphasis on the role of pretend play in the development of a nuanced sense of the qualities of the mind and reality. In sum, the findings lend support to Fonagy and Target's account of playing with reality, and the development of mentalization suggests that it may be more than "fiction." Furthermore, these results suggest that children's ability to create meaningful and coherent play sequences after sexual abuse is associated with the development of a better understanding of their relationships with others. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed.

Parallel Transport Quantum Logic Gates with Trapped Ions.

We demonstrate single-qubit operations by transporting a beryllium ion with a controlled velocity through a stationary laser beam. We use these to perform coherent sequences of quantum operations, and to perform parallel quantum logic gates on two ions in different processing zones of a multiplexed ion trap chip using a single recycled laser beam. For the latter, we demonstrate individually addressed single-qubit gates by local control of the speed of each ion. The fidelities we observe are consistent with operations performed using standard methods involving static ions and pulsed laser fields. This work therefore provides a path to scalable ion trap quantum computing with reduced requirements on the optical control complexity.

Spatiotemporal data as the foundation of an archaeological stratigraphy extraction and management system

Abstract Transforming relations between stratigraphic units of an archaeological excavation to a formal model like the Harris Matrix is a challenging task. Especially when the number of stratigraphic units is large or when spatiotemporal relations are complex, such models are difficult to generate. This paper describes a novel procedure for the automated construction of Harris Matrices involving the use of open source database software programs and tools. The procedure is based on an algorithm for the detection of spatial relations between stratigraphic units. For each stratigraphic unit (represented by commonly available 2D polygons), all possible top-down spatial relations are defined. These large series of relations are then iteratively validated, retaining a limited number of topological coherent sequences. These relations are required for the definition of stratigraphic sequences. To facilitate the presentation of resulting sequences, a stratigraphic diagram is incorporated into a graphical user interface on top of a geodatabase management system and web feature service (WFS). This interface is supplemented with attributes of each stratigraphic unit and with a virtual representation in an embedded 2D map viewer and 3D viewer. The link between sequences and cartographic representations of stratigraphic units by the underlying system enables interactions between various elements of the dataset while taking into account 2D and 3D spatial information, stratigraphic relations and attribute displays. Three theoretical datasets are used to develop and test the workflow. Furthermore, a reference dataset is used to validate this workflow. We find that expert knowledge remains indispensable for the interpretation and validation of both data sources and results. Nevertheless, the robustness of the results of this study illustrate the potential of the proposed procedure for use in automated Harris Matrix construction based on sequences of stratigraphic unit polygons. In employing this procedure, systems may facilitate the management of archaeological (spatiotemporal) data in cost- and time-efficient research infrastructures.

Stochasticity of convection in Giga-LES data

The poor representation of tropical convection in general circulation models (GCMs) is believed to be responsible for much of the uncertainty in the predictions of weather and climate in the tropics. The stochastic multicloud model (SMCM) was recently developed by Khouider et al. (Commun Math Sci 8(1):187–216, 2010) to represent the missing variability in GCMs due to unresolved features of organized tropical convection. The SMCM is based on three cloud types (congestus, deep and stratiform), and transitions between these cloud types are formalized in terms of probability rules that are functions of the large-scale environment convective state and a set of seven arbitrary cloud timescale parameters. Here, a statistical inference method based on the Bayesian paradigm is applied to estimate these key cloud timescales from the Giga-LES dataset, a 24-h large-eddy simulation (LES) of deep tropical convection (Khairoutdinov et al. in J Adv Model Earth Syst 1(12), 2009) over a domain comparable to a GCM gridbox. A sequential learning strategy is used where the Giga-LES domain is partitioned into a few subdomains, and atmospheric time series obtained on each subdomain are used to train the Bayesian procedure incrementally. Convergence of the marginal posterior densities for all seven parameters is demonstrated for two different grid partitions, and sensitivity tests to other model parameters are also presented. A single column model simulation using the SMCM parameterization with the Giga-LES inferred parameters reproduces many important statistical features of the Giga-LES run, without any further tuning. In particular it exhibits intermittent dynamical behavior in both the stochastic cloud fractions and the large scale dynamics, with periods of dry phases followed by a coherent sequence of congestus, deep, and stratiform convection, varying on timescales of a few hours consistent with the Giga-LES time series. The chaotic variations of the cloud area fractions were captured fairly well both qualitatively and quantitatively demonstrating the stochastic nature of convection in the Giga-LES simulation.

Paleomagnetic investigation of the Early Permian Panjal Traps of NW India; regional tectonic implications

The ∼289Ma Panjal Traps of NW India (Kashmir) are part of a series of rift-related mafic suites (Abor, Sikkim etc.) that were erupted onto northern India (present-day coordinates) around the same time as separation of the Cimmerian blocks of Qiangtang and Sibumasu. We report new data from only the second paleomagnetic investigation of this unit. Standard alternating field and thermal demagnetization methods were used to isolate characteristic magnetizations from seven outcrops at three locations within the Kashmir Valley, NW India. Analysis of four sections (14 individual cooling units) from close to Srinagar, that together form a tectonically coherent sequence spanning ∼3km of stratigraphy, yield a single-component, primary magnetization with a mean direction of Dec: 134.8°, Inc: 55.3° (α95=8.9°, k=21.0). An inclination-only mean of 52.5° (α95=8.9°, k=47.2) gives a paleolatitude of ∼33°S (±5°). A paleopole of 110.5°E 8.4°S (A95=10.7) is also calculated. Assuming the magnetization records a portion of the reverse polarity Kiaman Superchron, the new result indicates extrusion of the Panjal Traps basalts at mid-latitudes in the southern hemisphere. By inference this constrains the location of central Gondwana, and informs debates related to Cimmeria’s detachment from Gondwana.

Sequential Coherence in Sentence Pairs Enhances Imagery during Comprehension: An Individual Differences Study.

The present study investigates how sequential coherence in sentence pairs (events in sequence vs. unrelated events) affects the perceived ability to form a mental image of the sentences for both auditory and visual presentations. In addition, we investigated how the ease of event imagery affected online comprehension (word reading times) in the case of sequentially coherent and incoherent sentence pairs. Two groups of comprehenders were identified based on their self-reported ability to form vivid mental images of described events. Imageability ratings were higher and faster for pairs of sentences that described events in coherent sequences rather than non-sequential events, especially for high imagers. Furthermore, reading times on individual words suggested different comprehension patterns with respect to sequence coherence for the two groups of imagers, with high imagers activating richer mental images earlier than low imagers. The present results offer a novel link between research on imagery and discourse coherence, with specific contributions to our understanding of comprehension patterns for high and low imagers.

Gout, Beasts, and Other Metaphorical Punishments in ap 11.226-231

The reference to retributive gout in 11.229 serves as a semiotic hinge between two sets of interdependent poems in what may be a coherent Ammianic sequence (ap 11.226-231). Ammianos’ approval of gout as a just punishment in 11.229 establishes themes of retribution and somatic torment that are elaborated in 11.230-231, riddling epigrams that express the hope that their target will endure repeated execution on the cross (11.230) and then in the arena (11.231). The torturous executions hoped for in 11.230-231 are further contextualized by analogous references to mythic and fabulistic punishments in an adjacent set of poems by the same author (11.226-228). When these epigrams are considered in light of the retributive nature and metaphorical implications of gout, their wit and substance can be better appreciated.

Usage of the ultrafast intermolecular single-quantum coherence (UF iSQC) sequence for NMR spectroscopy of ex vivo tissue

High-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been considered as a powerful tool for noninvasive, rapid, and accurate composition analyses on solution samples. However, because tissues are in semisolid phase, the high-resolution spectra cannot be obtained by conventional NMR spectroscopy. In the present study, an ultrafast intermolecular single quantum coherence (UF iSQC) NMR spectroscopic method based on spatial encoding is used for direct analyses of intact salmon muscle tissues, intact eggs from shishamo smelt, and a whole zebra fish. Most of free amino acid and fatty acid signals can be directly detected within 5min in their original state without tedious sample preparation processes. The experimental results show that not only can the UF iSQC method overcome the inhomogeneity of biological tissues, but also it can greatly reduce experimental times owing to the introduction of ultrafast acquisition schemes. Changes occurring in amino acids and fatty acids of salmon muscle tissues, eggs from shishamo smelt, and the whole zebra fish during storage are investigated. Similar variation patterns of metabolic profiles have been deduced for three fish samples, yielding good agreements with literature results.