Coherent Electromagnetic Waves Research Articles

Backward test particle simulation of nonlinear cyclotron wave-particle interactions in the radiation belts

Wave-particle interaction plays a crucial role in the dynamics of the Earth’s radiation belts. Cyclotron resonance between coherent whistler mode electromagnetic waves and energetic electrons of the radiation belts is often called a coherent instability. Coherent instability leads to wave amplification/generation and particle acceleration/scattering. The effect of wave on particle’s distribution function is a key component of the instability. In general, whistler wave amplitude can grow over threshold of quasi-linear (linear) diffusion theory which analytically tracks the time-evolution of a particle distribution. Thus, a numerical approach is required to model the nonlinear wave induced perturbations on particle distribution function. A backward test particle model is used to determine the energetic electrons phase space dynamics as a result of coherent whistler wave instability. The results show the formation of a phase space features with much higher resolution than is available with forward scattering models. In the nonlinear regime the formation of electron phase space holes upstream of a monochromatic wave is observed. The results validate the nonlinear phase trapping mechanism that drives nonlinear whistler mode growth. The key differences in phase-space perturbations between the linear and nonlinear scenarios are also illustrated. For the linearized equations or for low (below threshold) wave amplitudes in the nonlinear case, there is no formation of a phase-space hole and both models show features that can be characterized as linear striations or ripples in phase-space.

Symphony in the Brain

Despite impressive progress in quantum biology, many questions about perception, cognition, memory, and their relation to processing of information remain unanswered. Here is an attempt to draw a unified picture starting with the basic quantummechanical phenomenon of nano-superconductivity in the microtubules and extending it to quantum processing of information, and generation of coherent Josephson radiation. A model for the generation in the axons of neurons is suggested. Like in a symphony, but on frequencies ten orders of magnitude higher, the radiation forms resonant standing electromagnetic waves, which are defined by the anatomy, synchronize all the functions in organism, and are behind the memory, perception, and cognition of a living being. It is true that we are made of atoms, but we are coherent electromagnetic waves.

Long-baseline quantum sensor network as dark matter haloscope.

Ultralight dark photons constitute a well-motivated candidate for dark matter. A coherent electromagnetic wave is expected to be induced by dark photons when coupled with Standard-Model photons through kinetic mixing mechanism, and should be spatially correlated within the de Broglie wavelength of dark photons. Here we report the first search for correlated dark-photon signals using a long-baseline network of 15 atomic magnetometers, which are situated in two separated meter-scale shield rooms with a distance of about 1700 km. Both the network's multiple sensors and the shields large size significantly enhance the expected dark-photon electromagnetic signals, and long-baseline measurements confidently reduce many local noise sources. Using this network, we constrain the kinetic mixing coefficient of dark photon dark matter over the mass range 4.1 feV-2.1 peV, which represents the most stringent constraints derived from any terrestrial experiments operating over the aforementioned mass range. Our prospect indicates that future data releases may go beyond the astrophysical constraints from the cosmic microwave background and the plasma heating.

A multiple cancer cell optical biosensing metastructure realized by CPA.

A one-dimensional optical biosensing metastructure (OBM) with graphene layers is presented in this paper. It is realized by coherent perfect absorption (CPA) and operates in the transverse electric mode. It shows a strong linear fitting relationship between the refractive index (RI) of the analysis layer and the frequency corresponding to the absorption peak, and the R-square is up to 1. Additionally, based on the principle of CPA, the OBM can realize the function of multiple cancer cell detection by adjusting the detection range by controlling the phase difference of coherent electromagnetic waves. Its detection ranges are 1.34-1.355 and 1.658-1.662. Thanks to its high-quality factor, great figure of merit, and low detection limit, whose best values are, respectively, 6.9 × 104, 1.2 × 104 RIU-1, and 3.6 × 10-6 RIU, the detection of weak changes in the RI of a cancer cell is possible. Additionally, its sensitivity can reach 26.57 THz RIU-1. This OBM based on CPA has major implications for advancing the study and investigation into the application of CPA. It also provides a simple and efficient approach to distinguish cancer cells and may be widely used in the biomedical field.

Arithmetic logic unit based on the metastructure with coherent absorption.

An arithmetic logic unit (ALU) based on the metastructure (MS) with coherent absorption (CA) is proposed in this Letter. The ALU can perform AND and exclusive OR logical operations at the same frequency point. So it can be regarded as an optical half-adder. By controlling the chemical potential of graphene and the phase difference of coherent electromagnetic waves (EWs), two different binary numbers are input into the ALU. The dynamic absorption peaks, which are generated based on the CA, output the outcomes of the carry-digit bit and non-carry sum bit. This ALU can be used in the field of optical processing and encryption, such as processing hamming code. This given ALU based on the MS with CA has major implications for advancing the study and investigation into the application of CA. Furthermore, it also provides a new, to the best of our knowledge, idea for the study of MS with logical operation.

Physical Aspects of Chemical Carcinogenesis

This study investigated the effects of chemical carcinogenesis induced by 7, 12-dimethylbenz (α) anthracene (DMBA) in mice. The respiratory activity of isolated mitochondria in mouse livers was investigated at various times after the subcutaneous administration of DMBA. Our findings indicated that DMBA derivatives did not exhibit damaging effects on mitochondrial membranes. On the contrary, they showed a stimulating effect on the phosphorylation process compared with the control. This paper discusses the possible role of coherent electromagnetic radiation in biological systems. Additionally, data on the non-chemical interactions between isolated mitochondria and the material (plexiglass and quartz) of the incubation cells were considered. Carcinogenesis was previously considered an exclusive process of biochemical and genetic disorders. However, recent studies have increasingly focused on the physical aspects of carcinogenesis, such as the influence of various wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation on biological systems, the special energy organization of the intracellular space associated with the architectonics of mitochondria and microtubules, and the generation of coherent electromagnetic waves. It was assumed that the biological features of the malignant cells were due to the violation of the electrodynamic parameters of the intracellular space, and the initiating factor was the intrinsic emission of carcinogenic substances. The results of this study indicated that non-chemical factors influenced the mitochondrial poly-enzyme system and confirmed the importance of the non-chemical effect of a carcinogen on bio-objects by examining respiration and phosphorylation of isolated mouse liver mitochondria at various times after the subcutaneous injection of DMBA.

Simulation of Coherent Electromagnetic Waves in Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) Transmission

This study analyzes the application of Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) in fiber optic networks which aims to find the wavelength, WDM optical spectrum and modes, as well as the CPR estimated phase and modes. In this study WDM allows the simultaneous transmission of different data streams through a single optical fiber, using different wavelengths. This research was conducted using the python OptiCommPy module. This module is used to perform modeling of complex optical fiber transmission systems by considering the various parameters and disturbances involved in optical transmission. The results obtained from this study are that WDM networks can use full or limited wavelength conversion, depending on the wavelength conversion capability of each network node. Whereas multifiber networks use fiber pools between network nodes, and multifiber WDM networks can be implemented without or with full wavelength conversion. This research can be a guide for designing coherent electromagnetic waves in WDM transmissions using the OptiCommPy python module.

Advances in Searching for Galactic Axions with a Dielectric Haloscope (MADMAX)

AbstractAxions are hypothetical particles that could explain the observed dark matter density and, simultaneously, could naturally resolve the strong charge parity (CP) problem in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Recent theoretical works indicate that axions are expected to have masses in the range of , a range that presently still evades experimental detection. An experimental design is presented to search for QCD axions in this mass range via the magnetized disk and mirror axion experiment (MADMAX). MADMAX will be composed of multiple movable dielectric disks and a stable mirror that are placed inside a strong magnetic field to utilize the axion‐induced coherent electromagnetic wave emissions from each disk surface. In this paper, new R&D milestones achieved will be reported, that is, the updated magnet quench protection system, a closed booster dielectric haloscope system tested in the MORPURGO magnet at (European Organization for Nuclear Research) CERN using a full experimental data acquisition chain. These new main novel accomplishments investigate the feasibility of the experiment.

Multiplane lensing in wave optics

ABSTRACT Wave effects in lensing form a rich phenomenon at the intersection of classical caustic singularities and quantum interference, yet are notoriously difficult to model. Due to a large number of recently observed pulsars and fast radio bursts in radio astronomy and the prospected increase in sensitivity of gravitational wave detectors, wave effects have already been observed in plasma lensing and will be observed in gravitational lensing in the near future. The interference fringes are sensitive to physical parameters, which cannot be inferred from geometric optics. In particular, for multiplane lensing, the pattern depends on the redshifts of the lens planes. I present a new method to define and efficiently evaluate multiplane lensing of coherent electromagnetic waves by plasmas and gravitational lenses in polynomial time. This method will allow the use of radio and gravitational-wave sources to probe our universe in novel ways.

Метод розрахунку функції розсіювання точки оптичної системи

The article presents a mathematical apparatus for precise calculation of the three-dimensional point spread function (PSF) of a high-aperture optical system. The proposed method is based on the Huygens-Fresnel principle: a spherical wave on the three-dimensional surface of the exit pupil is considered as result of the superposition of elementary secondary point radiation sources. These point sources emit coherent electromagnetic waves with a spherical wave front. They form a certain distribution of generalized complex amplitudes in three-dimensional space near the focus point. This distribution is used to calculate the intensity distribution in the focus area of ​​the optical system, which is the PSF. The article presents the results of PSFcalculations and their comparative.

The plasma nanosphere cooling rate simulation in the presence of the coherent electromagnetic waves with Gaussian profile

The plasma nanosphere cooling rate simulation in the presence of the coherent electromagnetic waves with Gaussian profile

A 250-Watts, 0.5-THz Continuous-Wave Second-Harmonic Gyrotron

To cover the so-called terahertz gap in powerful sources of coherent electromagnetic waves, a second-harmonic gyrotron operating in a 10 T liquid helium-free superconducting magnet has been designed, manufactured, and tested. With an operating voltage of 15 kV and a beam current of 0.6 A, the gyrotron generated coherent continuous-wave radiation at a frequency of 0.526 Terahertz with an output power of 250 Watts and an efficiency of 2.7%.

Matter waves, single-mode excitations of the matter-wave field, and the atomtronic transistor oscillator

A self-consistent theoretical treatment of a triple-well atomtronic transistor circuit reveals the mechanism of gain, conditions of oscillation, and properties of the subsequent coherent matterwaves emitted by the circuit. A Bose-condensed reservoir of atoms in a large source well provides a chemical potential that drives circuit dynamics. The theory is based on the ansatz that a condensate arises in the transistor gate well as a displaced ground state, that is, one that undergoes dipole oscillation in the well. That gate atoms remain condensed and oscillating is shown to be a consequence of the cooling induced by the emission of a matterwave into the vacuum. Key circuit parameters such as the transistor transconductance and output current are derived by transitioning to a classical equivalent circuit model. Voltage-like and current-like matterwave circuit wave fields are introduced in analogy with microwave circuits, as well as an impedance relationship between the two. This leads to a new notion of a classical coherent matterwave that is the dual of a coherent electromagnetic wave and which is distinct from a deBroglie matterwave associated with cold atoms. Subjecting the emitted atom flux to an atomic potential that will reduce the deBroglie wavelength, for example, will increase the classical matterwave wavelength. Quantization of the classical matterwave fields leads to the dual of the photon that is identified not as an atom but as something else, which is here dubbed a "matteron".

Higher Harmonic Generation of Coherent Sub-THz Radiation at Lifshitz Transition in Gapped Bilayer Graphene

The microscopic quantum theory of nonlinear interaction of strong coherent electromagnetic radiation with gapped bilayer graphene is used for consideration of the high harmonic generation at low-energy photon excitation Lifshitz transition. The Liouville–von Neumann equation for the density matrix is solved numerically at the nonadiabatic multiphoton excitation regime. By numerical solutions, we examine the rates of the second and third harmonics generation at the particle-hole annihilation at Lifshitz transitions in the linearly polarized coherent electromagnetic wave. The obtained results show that the gapped bilayer graphene can serve as an effective medium for the generation of even and odd high harmonics in the sub-THz domain of frequencies.

Генерация второй гармоники-суммарной частоты в тонком сферическом слое. I. Аналитическое решение

The problem of the simultaneous second–harmonic and sum–frequency generation by two coherent plane electromagnetic waves with elliptical polarizations and equal frequencies in a thin spherical layer is solved in the Rayleigh–Gans–Debye model. The second–order dielectric susceptibility tensor is chosen in a form containing four independent components (including one chiral component). Fundamental differences are shown between the problem statements as well as between solutions to the problem of second–order nonlinear generation by several coherent electromagnetic waves and the problem of sum–frequency generation in the limiting case of equality of the frequencies of the incident waves. Combinations of parameters are determined at which the spatial distribution of the radiation generated as a result of incidence of two plane waves coincides with the distribution of second–harmonic radiation generated by one plane wave. The limiting cases of the obtained solution are considered: small and large radii of the spherical particle. In these cases the contributions of the chiral and non-chiral anisotropy coefficients to the generated radiation are determined.

Генерация второй гармоники-суммарной частоты в тонком сферическом слое. II. Анализ диаграмм направленности

The solution to the problem of second harmonic–sum frequency generation by two coherent plane electromagnetic waves with elliptical polarizations and equal frequencies in a thin spherical layer is analyzed graphically. Asymmetries are introduced that quantitatively describe the shape of three-dimensional directivity patterns (spatial distribution of the power density of second harmonic–sum frequency radiation). Three-dimensional directivity patterns and asymmetries are analyzed for various combinations of the parameters: ratio of the complex amplitudes of the incident waves, angle between the wave vectors of the incident waves (the opening angle), ellipticities, orientations of polarization ellipses, spherical particle size. It is found that, at small particle sizes, each anisotropy type corresponds to its own individual directivity pattern. It is revealed that, for one of the anisotropy types, the shape of the directivity pattern almost does not change for nearly all possible ranges of the above parameters.

Maser-rays Based on Synchrotron Radiation-Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence (SR-TXRF)

In 2012, during the experiments performed at LNLS (Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory) based on SR-TXRF measurements of Ormosil films containing phosphotungstates ([PW₁₂O₄₀]^3-) was observed an image that could be interpreted as the result of the transition from the incident X-ray beam (packets of photons) to a continuous light beam (set of continuous waves). A hypothesis could be based on a summation of small local crystalline domains, which respond differently to the incident beam, resulting in a "continuous beam". Differently of the case of LASER beam, the excitation by synchrotron radiation could generate not only excitation but also ionization of a polyatomic/poly-molecular systems (indeed considering the whole sample), instead of monoatomic system. Thus, the presence of individual MASER (Molecular Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) beam generated by SR-TXRF could be considered. A MASER produces coherent electromagnetic waves through amplification by stimulated emission (process based on the that was proposed and argued by Albert Einstein between 1916-1917). In lower ranges of energies than the corresponding to X-rays of electromagnetic spectrum like the Ultraviolet region, the Phosphotungstates molecules (([PW₁₂O₄₀]^-3)) exhibit very interesting phenomenon as the photocromism. This phenomenon occurs when the molecules mentioned above are irradiated with ultraviolet light, which brings these molecules to an excited electronic state. The reduced phosphotungstate obtained ([PW₁₂O₄₀]^-4) exhibit a bluish color, being called heteropolyblue. This bluish color disappears in the presence of oxygen, the discoloration time is dependent on the time in which the sample was irradiated, or on the composition/thickness of the film. It is also possible found photoluminescence in the Phosphotungstates, which is due to the multiples multielectronic collisions. For ormosil films were shown the possible pathways of electron transfer of Phosphotungstates (could be internal and external), which are based on the presence of a high number of double chemical bonds between Tungsten and Oxygen atoms. In these mechanisms, the key aspect to consider is that the molecular structure of phosphotungstates remains intact after the preparation of these materials by Sol-Gel process. Taking as base the molecular mechanisms mentioned above, one model for the generation of maser rays has been proposed, considering the phosphotungstate molecule as a Super-atom (structure built of many atoms) due to its stability structural in these films. It would be possible the generation of Multi-Maser beams by SR-TXRF also, if it is taking in consideration the processes of ionization in the whole sample.

Atomic model best suited for physical optics

We present the results of numerical experiments performed using our recently developed Atomic Oscillator model of re-radiation by atomic dipole induced by an incident coherent electro-magnetic wave. Unlike the commonly known Lorentz Oscillator model that is parametric, our Atomic Oscillator model uses real (not fictitious) potential as one of the input parameters. In this work we present a study of the optical response of a hydrogen-like atom with the potentials from two representative atomic models: Rutherford-Bohr-Sommerfeld and De Broglie-Bohm-Gryzinski/Atomic Orbitals. The results indicate that the Rutherford-Bohr-Sommerfeld model of the atom coupled with our Atomic Oscillator model produces the most accurate simulation of different optical properties of materials.

Amplitude modulation and demodulation of a coherent electromagnetic wave in magnetized doped III-V semiconductors

This present paper is concerned with the analytical study of the amplitude modulation and demodulation of a coherent electromagnetic wave in magnetized doped III-V semiconductors. Utilizing the hydrodynamic model of a semiconductor plasma, the modulation indices for upper (+) and lower (–) side bands have been obtained. The incorporation of carrier diffusion in the nonlinear laser-semiconductor interaction adds new dimension to the analysis. The numerical estimations have been made for n-InSb crystal at liquid nitrogen temperature illuminated by frequency doubled pulsed 10.6 µm CO 2 laser. The problem has been analyzed in two different wave regimes (in the presence as well as absence of phenomenological acoustic damping parameter (Γ a ) over a wide range of externally applied magnetic field (incorporated in terms of cyclotron frequency ω c ). The results indicate that in absence of damping parameter, the absorption of coherent electromagnetic radiation takes place completely in all possible wavelength regimes when ω c ~ (v 2 + ω ) 1/2 ; v and ω 0 being the electron collision frequency and pump frequency, respectively. Moreover, the carrier diffusion modifies amplitude modulation and demodulation processes significantly. The damping parameter additionally assumes a significant role in choosing the range of parameters and selecting the modulated side band mode.

MADMAX: A Dielectric Haloscope Experiment

Axions emerge naturally from the Peccei-Quinn mechanism, which addresses the absence of CP violation in the strong interaction, and they can make up the cold dark matter (CDM) in the universe. If PQ symmetry was broken after inflation, the CDM axion mass would likely be in the range of ˜ 26 μeV to ˜ 1 meV, which is yet to be explored experimentally. We present a new dielectric haloscope experiment dedicated to the direct detection of QCD axion dark matter in the mass range of 40 to 400 μeV – the MAgnetized Disc and Mirror Axion eXperiment (MADMAX). Multiple dielectric discs and a mirror are placed in a strong magnetic field to utilize the axion-induced coherent electromagnetic wave emitted from each disc surface and the resonance effect therein, such that the axion-induced signal can be boosted to a level detectable by state-of-the-art low noise amplifiers. We will discuss the motivation, design and sensitivity of MADMAX; ongoing R&D studies and the project roadmap will also be presented.