Cognitive Support Research Articles

Towards tailored cognitive support in augmented reality assembly work instructions

AbstractBackgroundAugmented reality (AR) is receiving increasing interest as a tool to create an interactive and motivating learning environment. Yet, it is unclear how instructional support affects performance in AR.ObjectivesThis study sought to explore how varying the instructional support in AR can affect performance‐related behaviours of students with low cognitive abilities during assembly work.MethodsA total of 90 Belgian secondary school students repeatedly executed four different realistic assembly tasks. Three levels of instructional support (low, medium, and high) in AR as well as a control condition with paper instructions with a high level of detail were systematically varied across tasks and participants.Results and ConclusionsMultilevel regression analyses showed that AR instructions yielded lower assembly times and a lower perceived physical effort than paper instructions. Additionally, participants perceived tasks as less complex when given AR instructions with a high or a medium level of detail than when given a low level of detail. No effects of instructional support were established for other performance‐related behaviours, namely necessary assistance, error‐making, cognitive load, competence frustration, and stress. Effect sizes were small, at least among the instructional support conditions studied, yielding a limited base for adaptivity. Presumably, tailoring the instructional support in AR is only beneficial for highly complex tasks. The results might be useful for the design and implementation of AR in educational settings.

Park Inclusive Design Index as a Systematic Evaluation Framework to Improve Inclusive Urban Park Uses: The Case of Hangzhou Urban Parks

This study aims to optimize the evaluation system of inclusive design in urban parks, emphasizing the systemic nature of sensory, cognitive, and motor capacity support and exploring its role in park design practice. Based on the capability demand model, this study constructed indicators through literature collation and focus group discussion and assigned weights through hierarchical analysis to finally construct the Park Inclusive Design Index (PIDI). Then, the PIDI was utilized to assess the inclusive design performance of 48 urban parks in Hangzhou, China. The results of this study show that the overall inclusive design level of parks is relatively low (the average PIDI < 70), especially in the provision of cognitive support (cognitive-related indicator < 4). Meanwhile, comprehensive and specialized parks performed better in inclusive design compared to community parks and leisure parks. The level of inclusive design is moderatory correlated with the park renovation time and the park area, and strongly correlated with geographic location (scenic spot parks perform better; the parks in the old city perform worse). Ten indicators in the assessment scored below 2, which reveals the current status, shortcomings, and general problems with inclusive facilities in Hangzhou’s urban parks. This study integrated the needs and ability differences of people into the indicators, providing an assessment framework with broad applicability. Inclusive performance is a long-term process, and the implementation of the evaluation framework will provide a reference guide for the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of urban parks across China and even around the world.

Freshman STEM students’ misconceptions in a basic limit theorem of [formula omitted]

This study examined learning difficulties among three consecutive cohorts of freshmen engineering and technology students (n = 251; 17 females) in solving problems in the basic limit theorem. The students were enrolled in a four-credit hour calculus course delivered in 16 weeks. Then, they completed a 1-h six-item test after they covered the topics of the basic limit theorem. Answer papers were scored using an explicit guide. Interviews were also conducted after the test with 15 randomly selected students without and with cognitive supports (cues) in topics related to the test. The study demonstrated that the students have difficulties understanding the surface structure of the problems, identifying the mathematical heuristics to solve the problems, and solving the problems by properly employing procedures, rules, and conventions. Examination of students' test results showed that for every student earning a correct answer via valid problem-processing pathways, there were about two students earning two correct answers via invalid pathways. Interview results showed the students were incapable of fixing their limitations without cognitive support and cues. They needed an average of 7.7–9.3 question-response dialogues to fix their limitations. Such learning difficulties were due to lack and misapplication of solid prior knowledge. Identifying and compiling lessons that cause learning difficulties due to misapplication of prior knowledge can help to adopt better instructional approaches. Cognitive supports and cues can be used as research tools to extract the reasons and sources of students’ learning difficulties and devise innovative instructional methods for better learning.

The Effect Social Support on Job Burnout: A Case Study at Al-Aman Association for the Blind Women Care in the Capital Municipality of Sana’a

This study aimed at investigating the effect of Social Support on Job burnout and identifying the level of Social Support Practices among employees in Al-Aman Association for the Blind Women Care. To achieve these objectives, the descriptive analytical method was used. The questionnaire was electronically distributed as a tool for collecting data. The population of this study consisted of all employees in Al-Aman Association for the Blind Women Care. The study used the complete census method in distributing questionnaires to (200) employees. Then 188 questionnaires were returned with a response rate of (94%). The study used the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS v 21) for analyzing the study data. The results of the study revealed that there was a statistically significant impact of Social Support on Job burnout among employees in Al-Aman Association for the Blind Women Care, where the emotional support was the most influential dimension of Social Support on Job burnout, followed by the companionship Support (coworkers and bosses), the instrumental support, the information and cognitive Support, then the self-estimated Support, respectively. Besides, there were statistically significant differences in job burnout due to the demographic variables (place of work and job title). In light of the findings, the study recommends Al-Aman Association for the Blind Women Care to give more focus and attention on the internal work environment including (the wages and incentives system, policies and procedures, job stability, and the organizational structure) in order to reduce the level of job burnout for employees, in addition to educating organizations and institutions about the importance of Social Support as it helps employees to get rid of the effects of job burnout and work pressures in the internal environment, protect them from mental disorders and reduce its negative effects on the employee performance.).

Predicting adolescent and young adult outcomes from emotional support and cognitive stimulation offered by preschool-age home and early care and education settings.

Children's early environmental experiences are often considered highly influential for later life development. Yet, environmental contexts, such as the home and early care and education (ECE) setting, and multiple aspects of each setting, are not typically examined concurrently. In this study, we examined associations between cognitive stimulation and emotional support in the home and ECE setting during the preschool years (36-54 months) with adolescent (age 15; n = 708; 52% female) and adult (age 26; n = 584; 54% female) outcomes using data from the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, a study conducted at 10 sites across the United States. Cognitive stimulation in the home was significantly related to increased academic achievement at age 15 and educational attainment at age 26. Home emotional support was related to decreased behavior problems and increased social skills at age 15. No significant associations were found between either emotional support or cognitive stimulation in ECE and children's later development. These findings provide further support that the child's home environment during early childhood plays a substantial role in development. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Relationship between individual-level social capital and non-communicable diseases among adults in Honiara, Solomon Islands

ObjectiveSolomon Islands is experiencing a change in disease burden, from communicable to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Urgent action is necessary to reduce the risk of high economic and personal costs associated...

Trial in Progress: Investigating the Prognostic Significance of Malnutrition and Sarcopenia in Older Adults with Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Background and Significance: For older adults (≥60 years) newly diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), tumor-specific and patient-specific factors have been used to predict treatment-related mortality (TRM) and determine suitability for intensive antileukemic therapy. Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) is a tool designed to comprehensively evaluate health among older adults. CGA assesses multiple health domains including physical function, cognition, nutrition, mental health, polypharmacy, comorbidities, and social support but does not currently incorporate body imaging. Sarcopenia is defined as loss of muscle mass and strength. It can be measured objectively by CT, DEXA or Bioimpedance Analysis (BIA) in combination with tests of muscle strength. It has been proposed as a more accurate nutritional marker compared to BMI or serum markers. Nearly all older adults with AML receive a CT scan during their cancer evaluation. Therefore, there is an opportunity to leverage CT sarcopenia measures to improve risk prediction. Our study aims to (1) assess the burden of malnutrition and sarcopenia in older adults with newly diagnosed AML undergoing induction and (2) determine the prognostic impact of traditional markers of nutrition and novel sarcopenia measures on TRM. Study Design and Methods: This is a prospective, observational study of 82 newly diagnosed, older adult patients with AML undergoing induction treatment at the University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center (NCT05458258). Key inclusion criteria include age ≥60 years and receipt of induction therapy for newly diagnosed AML. Key exclusion criteria include presence of a pacemaker or defibrillator. To assess Aim 1, newly diagnosed older adult patients with AML will be undergo a subjective global nutrition assessment and serum nutritional markers [prealbumin, albumin, CRP, ferritin]. Body composition (fat-mass, fat-free mass, lean mass) will be assessed using BIA and CT. Sarcopenia will be defined by the CT Skeletal Muscle Index (SMI) at L3 plus impairment on either maximal hand grip strength, 6-minute walk, Timed Up and Go test (TUG), the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Patients will also undergo an assessment of disability (instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and activities of daily living (ADL) surveys), Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB], and Montreal cognitive assessment [MOCA]) prior to starting induction. All measures will be repeated at the start of post-remission therapy. Results from both timepoints will be compared against healthy controls matched by age, sex and Charlson Comorbidity Index. Healthy control data will come from the Frailty, Activity, Body Composition, and Energy Expenditure (FACE) Aging dataset housed by the Department of Geriatrics at the University of Chicago, a 1-year longitudinal, observation study of frailty in older adults residing around the university. We will match 1 AML case to 1 control. In order to ensure that all subjects are matched, 2:1 propensity score matching will be used to generate matching controls for each case. To assess Aim 2, multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models will be performed for each of those nutrition status and sarcopenia markers significant for TRM in univariate analysis. In multivariable analyses, we will control for age, European Leukemia Net 2022 risk stratification, ECOG PS, and CGA measures as covariates. A sample size of 82 patients will give us 80% power to detect a hazard ratio of 3.0 for TRM, the primary end point, for CT diagnosed sarcopenia using a Cox proportional hazards model with a 0.05 significance level and a 60-day mortality rate of 18%. We anticipate completion of enrollment within two years of study initiation. To date, 17 patients have been approached for consent with 11 patients enrolled. When complete, this trial will provide initial evidence necessary to recommend nutritional assessment as a part of the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment in all older adult AML patients. Furthermore, it may provide evidence to support a future interventional study assessing the impact of improved nutritional status on TRM. Figure 1. NCT05458258 study schema.

A Causal Model of Health Literacy among Thai Older Adults with Uncontrolled Diabetes

Uncontrolled diabetes among older adults leads to acute and chronic complications that threaten health and life. Health literacy is crucial to managing health and making successful behavior changes for optimal diabetes outcomes. However, a clear understanding of multiple factors and their mechanisms to influence health literacy is lacking. This descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to test a Model of Health Literacy among Thai Older Adults with Uncontrolled Diabetes and examined the influencing pathways of cognitive function, diabetes knowledge, provider-patient communication, empowerment perception, social support, Internet use, and social engagement regarding health literacy. The sample consisted of 259 older Thai adults with uncontrolled diabetes. Data were collected using a demographic data form, the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire, the Diabetes Knowledge Scale, the Diabetes Empowerment Process Scale, the Provider-patient Communication Scale, the Social Support Questionnaire, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic Test, the Internet Use Questionnaire, and the Being Actively Engaged with Society Subscale of the Active Ageing Scale for Thai People. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling with AMOS. The results showed that the model explained 76% of the quality of life variance. Diabetes knowledge and cognitive function directly affected health literacy. Health literacy was indirectly affected by provider-patient communication and empowerment perception through diabetes knowledge, social engagement through cognitive function, and Internet use through cognitive function and diabetes knowledge. Nurses can develop strategies by integrating Internet use and social engagement in empowerment communication programs to improve diabetes knowledge and cognitive function toward higher health literacy in this population.

Long COVID Syndrome: Clinical Presentation, Pathophysiology, Management

Long coronavirus disease (COVID) syndrome is persistent symptoms and complications that occurs in at least 10% of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections. Symptoms associated with long COVID can vary widely from person to person but commonly include: fatigue, shortness of breath, chest pain or discomfort, joint pain, difficulty concentrating (brain fog), headache, loss of taste or smell, sleep disturbances, palpitations, persistent cough. Possible pathophysiologic theories are viral persistence, dysregulated immune response, autoimmune response, endothelial dysfunction, gut dysbiosis, damage to organs and tissues, neurological involvement, post-viral syndrome. Although current diagnostic and treatment options are insufficient, the management aim to alleviate symptoms, improve quality of life, and support recovery. The possible therapies and interventions that may be considered are symptomatic management, rehabilitation and exercise, respiratory support, cognitive and psychological support, sleep management, nutritional support, support groups and patient education, anti-inflammatory drugs, immuno-modulatory therapies. For patients enduring prolonged suffering from this long COVID syndrome, a multidisciplinary approach is essential for comprehensive management.

Cognitive Support Technology for People with Intellectual Disabilities: Factors for Successful Implementation

In Europe, large numbers of people with disabilities are willing to work but have problems finding a job. One of the barriers to this is job complexity, particularly for those with low education, low IQ, or cognitive impairments. Digital technologies might help. Specifically, cognitive support technology (CST) has the potential to make jobs less complex and thus more accessible. CST may concern step-by-step digital instructions presented with monitors, tablets, smart phones, beamer projections, or near-eye displays. Based on cross-case evaluations, we aimed to define the success factors in the process of technology selection, development, and implementation. Four cases, situated at public social firms which offer jobs to people with disabilities, were selected. In each case, the optimal form of CST was selected. A qualitative analysis of subjective experiences of work accessibility, performance, usability, and acceptance was applied. The results were positive for most participants in most cases. Once installed, the CST was successful in simplifying jobs. A proportion of the workforce for which a specific job had been considered too complex was able to perform that job when supported by CST. Moreover, a majority of people judged the usability of the technology positively. For the consecutive steps of selection, development, and implementation, we ended up with eleven factors of success; these included, among others, shared and transparent decision making (in technology selection), the iterative and active involvement of workers to optimally adjust work instructions (in technology development), and explicit attention for psychosocial barriers (in technology implementation).

Design, synthesis, and in-silico study of novel triarylethylene analogs with dual anti-estrogenic and serotonergic activity.

Estrogen receptor is an important target in breast cancer. Serotonin receptors (5-HT2A and 5-HT2C , in particular) were investigated for a potential role in development and progression of breast cancer. Ligands that interact with estrogenic receptors influence the emotional state of females. Thus, designing selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) analogs with potential serotonergic activity is a plausible approach. The dual ligands can augment cytotoxic effect of SERMs, help in both physical and emotional menopausal symptom relief, enhance cognitive function and support bone health. Herein, we report triarylethylene analogs as potential candidates for treatment of breast cancer. Compound 2e showed (ERα relative β- galactosidase activity = 0.70), 5-HT2A (Ki = 0.97 µM), and 5-HT2C (Ki = 3.86 µM). It was more potent on both MCF-7 (GI50 = 0.27 µM) and on MDA-MB-231 (GI50 = 1.86 µM) compared to tamoxifen (TAM). Compound 4e showed 40 times higher antiproliferative activity on MCF-7 and 15 times on MDA-MBA compared to TAM. Compound 4e had higher average potency than TAM on all nine tested cell line panels. Our in-silico model revealed the binding interactions of compounds 2 and 2e in the three receptors; further structural modifications are suggested to optimize binding to the ERα, 5-HT2A , and 5-HT2C .

Stress in university students: The DECORE-Student questionnaire (DECORE-S)

ABSTRACT Academic stress has attracted research interest in recent decades due to the similarity found between the occurrence of stress in students and that experienced by workers in organisations. However, tools to assess academic stress are either scarce, general or evaluate the consequences of academic stress. This study aims to validate the psychometric properties of the DECORE-S questionnaire in a sample of students, based on the original 44-item model used in the work context. A cross-sectional design was used in which 1117 university students from different subject areas participated. The results show an adequate fit for the four-factor model (cognitive demands, control, support, and rewards) and internal consistency indices greater than .70 for all scales using 30 items. Students had the highest scores on the cognitive demand scale. Consequently, the use of the DECORE-S questionnaire to assess academic stress is recommended.

Needs Assessment and the Identification of Palliative Care Dimensions of the Essential Service Package for the Elderly with Alzheimer's Disease: A Mixed Exploratory Study.

This study was conducted with the aim of assessing the needs and determining the care dimensions of the essential palliative care service package for the elderly with Alzheimer's disease. The mixed exploratory study was conducted in three phases. The first phase of the study was conducted in the form of a qualitative study and a literature review. This qualitative research was done through in-depth and semi-structured interviews with 19 qualified caregivers (11 informal caregivers and 8 formal caregivers) The samples were selected using the purposive sampling method by referring to hospitals, nursing homes, and active branches of the Alzheimer's Association in some provinces. In the second phase, the dimensions of palliative care were codified, and in the third phase, the prioritization and the validation of the dimensions of palliative care were performed in the form of two Delphi rounds. Based on the results of the first phase of the study, the care dimensions of the service package were placed in eight categories based on National Consensus Project. In the second phase, the needs of Alzheimer's patients were arranged in the form of a questionnaire consisting of 8 parts, with 180 indicators. Then, in the third phase, the dimensions of the palliative care essential package were designed with 74 items in the form of 4 dimensions. The dimensions of the essential service package of palliative care included a series of interventions as well as physical, psychological, cognitive, and spiritual support.

PENGARUH ACADEMIC PEER SUPPORT TERHADAP SCHOOL ENGAGEMENT PADA SISWA SMP “X” DI BANDUNG

This study aims to determine the effect of the academic peer support dimension on school engagement at SMP "X" in Bandung. The subjects in this study were the entire population of SMP "X" students with a total of 160 students out of 171 students (there were 4 students who were not willing and 7 students not present. The measuring tool used is Academic Peer Support using the PFASS (Perceived Peer/Friend Academic Support Scale) measuring tool compiled by Jennifer Chen (2005) based on Jennifer Chen`s theory and has been translated by researchers, consisting of 25 items with a reliability of 0.744. The School Engagement measuring tool was developed by Alvin Gultom (2020) based on Friedricks' theory (2004), consisting of 27 items with a reliability of 0.722. This research method uses the effect method which is analyzed by linear regression test using the SPSS 21.0 Version Program. Based on data processing, the results showed that there was a significant influence on the dimensions of academic peer support on school engagement (F = 11,500, R2 = 22.9%; p <0.05), namely interpersonal support (ß= 0.22 , p > 0.05), cognitive support (ß = 0.646, p < 0.05), emotional support (ß = 0.243 , p > 0.05) and instrumental support (ß = 0.243, p > 0.05). Suggestions from researchers are facilitating the occurrence of cognitive support from peers to other fellow students. Cognitive support can be obtained by involving students who excel in groups to support students who have learning difficulties.

Coping styles of college teachers for students with ADHD tendency from the perspective of educational psychology

BackgroundAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood neurodevelopmental disorder, but it can also persist into adulthood. College teachers are faced with challenges in the face of students with ADHD tendency and need appropriate coping strategies to help these students improve their learning effect and adaptability.Research objects and Methods This study selected a certain number of university teachers as research objects, and collected data by means of questionnaire survey. The main content of the questionnaire was the teachers’ views on the cognition degree, teaching strategy and support measures of students with ADHD tendency. SPSS23.0 software was used to record and analyze the data.ResultsThe results show that most college teachers have relatively low cognition of students with ADHD tendency, and there are some confusions in coping with them. At the same time, however, some teachers have adopted positive strategies, such as providing additional tutoring and support, and establishing clear rules and time management methods. These teachers have achieved some success in helping students improve their learning effectiveness and adaptability.ConclusionsFrom the perspective of educational psychology, college teachers should improve their cognition of students with ADHD tendency and adopt appropriate coping strategies to help them. This includes providing additional tutoring and support, setting clear rules and time management methods, and encouraging students to engage in classroom interactions. These measures can help students reduce attention difficulties and hyperactive behaviors, and improve the learning effect and adaptability.

Coping Strategies among Filipino Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiation Therapy in Two Tertiary Care Hospitals in the Philippines: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study.

The process of coping is central in the lives and experiences of cancer patients. Foreign literature on coping strategies among cancer patients is largely qualitative in nature, in the form of thematic, grounded theory, and phenomenological analyses. Of the quantitative research that has been done, many have found varying degrees of association between certain coping strategies and improved quality of life and decreased emotional distress. However, knowledge on how coping varies and is associated with the patient's demographics, disease characteristics, among other factors remains in its infancy. This is especially true in the Philippines. A total of 210 Filipino patients more than 18 years of age, with histologically confirmed diagnosis of cancer, receiving radiation therapy at St. Luke's Medical Center-Quezon City or St. Luke's Medical Center-Bonifacio Global City from April 2022 to December 2022, were made to answer the Filipino Coping Strategies Scale (FCSS). The FCSS is a self-administered, 37-item, 4-point scale that measures the degree to which the respondent uses particular coping strategies categorized into one of nine domains: cognitive reappraisal, social support, problem-solving, religiosity, tolerance, emotional release, overactivity, relaxation and recreation, and substance use. Religiosity is the primary coping strategy in this patient population, with a composite score of 3.9214 out of 4 (SD = 0.1688). The second most utilized coping strategy is problem-solving (composite score = 3.6310; SD = 0.3162). The third most common coping strategy is cognitive reappraisal (composite score = 3.5524; SD = 0.4062). This is closely followed by relaxation and recreation (composite score = 3.5343; SD = 0.3734). The fifth most utilized coping strategy is social support (composite score = 3.3140; SD = 0.5790). Calculation of independent samples t-test revealed no statistically significant difference between the coping strategies in terms of hospital (i.e., St. Luke's Quezon City or St. Luke's Bonifacio Global City), sex, metastatic status, and intent of radiotherapy. Calculation of analysis of variance (ANOVA) likewise revealed no statistically significant difference in terms of age, marital status, religion, educational attainment, estimated monthly income, primary cancer diagnosis, days elapsed since primary cancer diagnosis, Wong-Baker Faces (WBF) pain rating, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status. The most commonly utilized coping strategies in our patient cohort are religiosity, problem-solving, cognitive reappraisal, relaxation and recreation, and social support, regardless of demographic and disease-related characteristics. To the proponents' knowledge, our research is the first to study the coping strategies of Filipino cancer patients in a quantitative manner. Doubtless, further research is needed to shed light on this crucial but barely yet untouched aspect of cancer care.

Pengaruh Cognitive Support Terhadap Koping Pada Pasien Stroke Di RSUD Piru Tahun 2023

Stroke is a cerebrovascular disease (brain blood vessels) due to the death of brain tissue (cerebral infarction). The cause is reduced blood and oxygen flow to the brain due to blockage, narrowing or rupture of blood vessels. Coping mechanisms are a direct effort in stress management. Cognitive means understanding knowledge or the ability to obtain certain knowledge. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of providing cognitive support on coping in stroke patients. The research population was all inpatients in the neurology room at Piru Hospital, West Seram Regency, with a sample of 30 respondents whose selection was carried out using purposive sampling. The design used was pre-experiment, with a one group pretest-posttest design. The independent variable is cognitive support, the dependent variable is coping mechanisms. Using the Wilcoxon sign rank test with a significance level of p < 0.05. The research results showed that there was an influence in providing cognitive support on coping (p = 0.000). Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that there is an influence of providing cognitive support on coping in stroke patients at Piru Hospital, West Seram Regency.

Designing Multi-Modal Conversational Agents for the Kitchen with Older Adults: A Participatory Design Study

AbstractConversational agents (CA) are increasingly used to manage and coordinate household chores and everyday activities at home. However, these technologies should be adaptive to age-specific characteristics in order to be considered beneficial for the ageing population. This study presents a participatory design of a conversational agent to provide cognitive support in recipe following and nutrition advice for adults aged 65 and over. Through a qualitative thematic analysis, the study explores older adults’ expectations, interactions and experiences with the agent in order to identify age-specific challenges of interacting with CAs. Data consists of a participatory design workshop with eight older adults (aged 65 and over), followed by a Wizard of Oz study with ten older adults interacting with the agent in the kitchen environment in a laboratory setting. Results demonstrate that older adults consider conversational agents as beneficial for providing personalised recipe recommendations, advising the user to choose appropriate ingredients and reminding them of their dietary intake. When interacting with the agent older adults displayed challenges with confirmation and repetition, questioning and correcting, the lack of conversational responses, and difficulties in hearing and understanding the multi-modal interaction. Older adults experience agents as collaborators, but not as conversational partners. The study concludes that the accessibility and inclusiveness of conversational agents regarding voice interaction could be improved by further developing participatory methods with older adults.

The Effect of Providing Cognitive Support (Information) on Coping Congestive Heart Failure Patients

Coping is the way it is done individual in finish problem, adjust self with change, response to threatening situation. Behavior coping formed through change method thinking (cognitive), change behavior or purposeful environment for resolve the stress faced. Behavior coping is also formed through the process of learning, remembering and relaxing. Learn here is ability adapt self (adaptation) to influences internal and external factors.
 Cognitive is acquisition, arrangement and use encompassing knowledge every related mental behavior with understanding, consideration, processing information, solving problems, gaps and beliefs. Cognitive support (Information) is information or announcement or news. Function information that is as material standard for take decisions, where everyone is in every moment will take right decision need information that is relevant, useful, appropriate, and correct.
 Change formation cognitive generally started with changes in wishes and information. That information newly acquired somebody can happen change in his thinking. This something beginning for understand deed cognitive.

Effect of an activity wristband-based intermittent teaching unit in Physical Education on students' physical activity and its psychological mediators: a cluster-randomized controlled trial. School-fit study.

The main objective of the present study was to examine the effects of an intermittent teaching unit based on the use of activity wristbands and behavior modification strategies on high school students' perceptions of autonomy support, satisfaction of basic psychological needs, motivation toward Physical Education and physical activity, intention to be physically active, and habitual physical activity levels. An initial sample of 353 high school students (final sample = 175; 45.7% females; mean age = 13.3 ± 1.2 years) from two public high schools were cluster-randomly assigned into the intermittent (IG, n = 100) and control (CG, n = 75) groups. The IG performed an intermittent teaching unit twice a week for eight weeks. Specifically, the last 15 min of each lesson were used. As the main strategy to promote the practice of regular physical activity, students wore an activity wristband the whole day during the intervention period. Additionally, other behavior modification strategies were also applied (e.g., educational counseling, physical activity goals or reminders). Regarding the CG, during the intervention period (i.e,, the eight weeks that took place the intermittent teaching unit) they also performed two Physical Education sessions, but without using activity wristbands or other behavior modification strategies. Before and after the intervention, as well as at the end of the follow-up period (six weeks), students' physical activity practice mediators and physical activity levels were measured by validated questionnaires. The Multilevel Linear Model results showed that the IG students statistically significantly improved cognitive and procedural autonomy support from pre- to post-intervention (p < 0.05). They also statistically significantly improved autonomy and relatedness basic psychological needs, and autonomous motivation toward physical activity scores from post-intervention to follow-up (p < 0.05). Moreover, the results showed that the IG students statistically significantly improved habitual physical activity scores from pre- to post-intervention, and from post-intervention to follow-up (p < 0.05). The intermittent teaching unit based on the use of activity wristbands and other behavior modification strategies was effective for improving students' autonomy support and habitual physical activity levels, but not the rest of physical activity practice mediators. https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/, ID: NCT05949463.