Knowledge Of Structure Research Articles

Cognitive and motivational numeracy parenting practices: Implications for children's numeracy engagement during early elementary school.

Parents are considered a major resource in children's numeracy development. The relative role of cognitive and motivational parenting practices, however, is unclear given that the two types of practices have largely been studied in isolation. The current study simultaneously estimated the contributions of several cognitive and motivational parenting practices hypothesized to be important, but which may have overlapping effects. To capture parents' cognitive practices, the level and structure (i.e., prompts vs. statements) of 529 American parents' (80% mothers; 65% White, 20% Black; 33% less than a bachelor's degree) numeracy talk was coded during a challenging numeracy activity. Parents' motivational practices were assessed by coding their autonomy support and control in the activity. Children's (Mage = 7.5 years; 49% girls) engagement of numeracy strategies was also coded. Multilevel minute-to-minute modeling predicting children's engagement from both cognitive and motivational parenting practices indicated that parents' cognitive practices, particularly advanced prompts, predicted children's subsequent engagement of numeracy strategies, which were often advanced. Parents' motivational practices, as reflected in their autonomy support (vs. control), also foreshadowed children's engagement. These effects of the two types of practices were independent of one another. Taken together, the findings are consistent with the idea that cognitive and motivational parenting practices provide distinct resources that can benefit children's math learning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Cardiometabolic disease, cognitive decline, and brain structure in middle and older age.

The presence of multiple cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) has been linked to increased dementia risk, but the combined influence of CMDs on cognition and brain structure across the life course is unclear. In the UK Biobank, 46,562 dementia-free participants completed a cognitive test battery at baseline and a follow-up visit 9 years later, at which point 39,306 also underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging. CMDs (diabetes, heart disease, and stroke) were ascertained from medical records. Data were analyzed using age-stratified (middle age [<60] versus older [≥ 60]) mixed-effects models and linear regression. A higher number of CMDs was associated with significantly steeper global cognitive decline in older (β=-0.008; 95% confidence interval: -0.012, -0.005) but not middle age. Additionally, the presence of multiple CMDs was related to smaller total brain volume, gray matter volume, white matter volume, and hippocampal volume and larger white matter hyperintensity volume, even in middle age. CMDs are associated with cognitive decline in older age and poorer brain structural health beginning already in middle age. We explored the association of CMDs with cognitive decline and brain MRI measures.CMDs accelerated cognitive decline in older (≥60y) but not middle (<60) age.CMDs were associated with poorer brain MRI parameters in both middle and older age.Results highlight the connection between CMDs and cognitive/brain aging.

COGNITIVE STYLISTICS ISSUES

Cognitive stylistics stands out for its unique methodology, in which linguistic analyses in a systemic context are based on theories that link linguistic choices to cognitive structures and processes. Cognitive stylistics is a subsection of linguistics that studies the relationship between language and cognitive processes such as perception, comprehension, remembering and thinking. It aims to identify how cognitive mechanisms influence linguistic phenomena such as text structure, choice of linguistic devices, use of metaphors, metonymy and other linguistic techniques.

Effective mathematics learning through APOS theory by dint of cognitive abilities

The paper dwells on the contributions of APOS theory to the development of teaching and learning of mathematics in school. APOS is an acronym for &lt;i&gt;action&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;process&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;object&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;schema&lt;/i&gt;. The theory emerges as an extension to constructivism but with a more focused and robust learner-centered approach to the teaching and learning of mathematics. Proponents of the theory believed that learning occurs initially as an &lt;i&gt;action &lt;/i&gt;or &lt;i&gt;activity &lt;/i&gt;in learners’ cognitive settings, independent of learners’ environment, triggered by cognitive coherence, then it is transformed to &lt;i&gt;process&lt;/i&gt;,&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;where learner now waits for internalization of the earlier &lt;i&gt;activity&lt;/i&gt;, preparatory to the occurrence of learning. At &lt;i&gt;object &lt;/i&gt;level, learner now considers what has been learnt earlier to have been fully internalized into mathematical &lt;i&gt;object(s)&lt;/i&gt;. Lastly, at &lt;i&gt;schema &lt;/i&gt;level, the &lt;i&gt;object&lt;/i&gt; learnt is assumed to have been embedded in the learners’ &lt;i&gt;schema&lt;/i&gt;–a cognitive structure formed as a result of accumulated learning experience, and a complete mental image of what has been learnt is said to have been formed. Against the backdrop of this, the paper looks at how this theory had changed the narrative about teaching and learning of mathematics vis-à-vis the bearing of the theory to other cognitive abilities of the learner such as intelligence and creativity. In the end, the paper suggests the application of APOS theory in teaching and learning mathematics at all levels of learning in Nigeria and beyond.

Urban social movements as extended class actors: struggles over reproduction in Buenos Aires, New York City and Hamburg

Along with a resurgence in urban social movements (USMs) since the Global Financial Crisis in 2007–08 has come renewed interest in what form(s) of social struggle these movements represent. This is because USMs cannot be straightforwardly explained by the contradiction between capital and labour, as they happened outside the workplace. With the aim of conceptualising USMs, a comparative and empirical case study was conducted on urban development and protest in New York City, Buenos Aires and Hamburg. Approaches ranging from spatial theory to urban sociology and political economy informed the theoretical framework. The study was empirically based on 47 interviews with activists, as well as the observation of participants at protest events and document analysis (both of publications by urban protest initiatives and urban development statistics). Emerging similarities regarding the relational and cognitive structures of investigated protests suggest that contemporary USMs are collective actors counteracting urban dispossession and are thus linked to the capitalist mode of accumulation. Therefore, the article argues for an understanding of USMs as extended class struggles over social reproduction in the city. This terminology is intended not only to highlight that USMs are expressions of the crisis of social reproduction in cities, but also to categorise the characteristic features of USMs – which represent struggles for the use value of a city. USMs can, moreover, contribute to social change, especially if they are able to provide alternative means of social reproduction through the appropriation of urban space.

Knowledge mapping and research trends on perioperative neurocognitive disorder from 1990 to 2022: a bibliometric analysis.

Perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) has attracted consistently increasing attention worldwide. However, there are few bibliometric studies that systematically evaluate this field. This study aimed to visualize the knowledge structure and research trends in PND through bibliometrics to help understand the future development of basic and clinical research. Literature related to PND in Web of Science and PubMed from 1990 to 2022 were collected through keywords retrospectively. Additionally, the source information, citation information, etc. of these publications were extracted. Finally, bibliometric analysis was performed by visualization software and statistical software. There were 2837 articles and reviews in total. An exponential rise in PND-related publications was observed. China had the most publication, followed by the US and Germany. The institution with the most output and citations was Harvard University (149 papers, 8966 citations). The most prominent author was Marcantonio Edward R with 66 publications and 5721 citations. The journal with the highest productivity for PND research was Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience followed by Anesthesia and Analgesia. Keywords were identified as six topics, including postoperative delirium, postoperative neurocognitive disorder, cardiac surgery, anaesthesia, orthopedic surgery, and dementia. According to keyword analysis, the most recent popular keywords in PND research were prevention, older patients, emergence delirium, orthopedic surgery, and dexmedetomidine. Publications on PND are increasing at an alarming rate from 1990 to 2022. Current research and future trends will concentrate on the prevention and treatment of PND, as well as PND associated with orthopedic surgery in older adults.

Development and trends in metabolomics studies in psoriasis: A bibliometric analysis of related research from 2011 to 2024

BackgroundPsoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease with autoimmune characteristics. Recent research has made significant progress in the field of psoriasis metabolomics. However, there is a lack of bibliometric analysis on metabolomics of psoriasis. The objective of this study is to utilize bibliometrics to present a comprehensive understanding of the knowledge structure and research hotspots in psoriasis within the field of metabolomics. MethodsWe conducted a bibliometric analysis by searching the Web of Science Core Collection database for publications on metabolomics in psoriasis from 2011 to 2024. To perform this analysis, we utilized tools such as VOSviewers, CiteSpace, and the R package "bibliometrix". ResultsA total of 307 articles from 47 countries, with the United States and China leading the way, were included in the analysis. The publications focusing on metabolomics in psoriasis have shown a steady year-on-year growth. The Medical University of Bialystok is the main research institution. The International Journal of Molecular Sciences emerges as the prominent journal in the field, while the Journal of Investigative Dermatology stands out as the highly co-cited publication. A total of 2029 authors contributed to these publications, with Skrzydlewska Elzbieta, Baran Anna, Flisiak Iwona, Murakami Makoto being the most prolific contributors. Notably, Armstrong April W. received the highest co-citation. Investigating the mechanisms of metabolomics in the onset and progression of psoriasis, as well as exploring therapeutic strategies, represents the primary focus of this research area. Emerging research hotspots encompass inflammation, lipid metabolism, biomarker, metabolic syndrome, obesity, and arthritis. ConclusionThe results of this study indicate that metabolism-related research is thriving in psoriasis, with a focus on the investigation of metabolic targets and interventions within the metabolic processes. Metabolism is expected to be a hot topic in future psoriasis research.

Global Research Status and Trends in Venous Thromboembolism After Spinal Surgery: A Bibliometric Analysis

BackgroundThere has been a growing interest in venous thromboembolism following spinal surgery over the past few years. However, there currently needs to be a bibliometric report on this field. This study aims to construct the knowledge structure of venous thromboembolism after spinal surgery and explores the current status of research productivity, research directions, hotspots, and trends. MethodsAll articles related to venous thromboembolism after spinal surgery from the Web of Science Core Collection database for 1990-2023 were retrieved. For bibliometric analysis, information extraction involves country/region, institutions, journals, authors, references, and keyword-related data. ResultsIn this study, a total of 814 articles were identified. Studies related to venous thromboembolism after spinal surgery are showing an increasing trend, with the United States contributing the most. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY is a high-productivity institution. The journal "SPINE" is highly productive. Research directions cover venous thromboembolism and bleeding, risk factors and prevention, complications, and perioperative blood protection strategies. Current research hotspots are risk factors, surgical location and approach, and perioperative blood protection strategies. Future research trends include establishing a predictive system for venous thromboembolism after spinal surgery to guide personalized prevention and treatment. ConclusionsThis study constructed the knowledge structure of venous thromboembolism after spinal surgery, revealing current research hotspots and future trends. Future research trends include personalized prevention and treatment strategies for venous thromboembolism after spinal surgery, especially safe and effective chemical prophylaxis. It is hoped that this study can lay the foundation for subsequent research.

Пресуппозиции и аксиосфера лидера в профессиональном и медийном дискурсах

The article examines the problem of modern leadership as a socially significant phenomenon caused, firstly, by the importance of finding effective speech tools for the persistence of discourse and, secondly, by the need to establish value parameters. This problem is solved by analyzing the discursive practices of the leadership personality. The material for the analysis was the recordings of psychological trainings devoted to the formation of leadership qualities in clients, as well as public speeches by business leaders, famous creative figures, politicians, and athletes. In line with the cognitive-discursive methodology based on the recognition of axiological parameters of discourse that determine cognition, the authors identified value components that are represented as “secrets of success” and as part of the presuppositional foundation of the leader’s personality. It was found that the qualities of the discursive personality of the leader belong to the highest level of the cognitive structure of the personality – its “orientation”, which includes the value orientations of the subjects focused on their goals, plans and dreams, hardworking, open to everything new and considering creative activity for the benefit of society as their mission. The axioms of consciousness are attitudes that allow to maintain faith in success with strong-willed efforts during stressful periods or periods of uncertainty, as well as to maintain the necessary level of optimism. Thus, we can talk about the possibility of identifying a special type of verbal activity of the leader – a linguistic personality that activates its cognitive-linguistic potential in a particular communicative situation.

키워드 네트워크분석을 이용한 경찰 직무스트레스 연구동향 분석

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the research trends of Police Officer’s Job Stress in Korea and to understand the knowledge structure by using keyword network analysis.&#x0D; Methods Among domestic academic papers published from 2013 to 2022, 155 domestic academic papers related to, and frequency analysis and network analysis were performed on Police Officer’s Job Stress the subject words of the papers. Frequency analysis was conducted using the Excel 2010 program, and network centrality analysis was conducted using the UCINET 6 program. After that, the network built using Netdraw was visualized.&#x0D; Results First, the main themes examined through keywords and frequency of occurrence were organizational factors (job characteristics and interpersonal relationships, role factors, organizational social influence, emergency support work, job overload and public service work), and personal factors (psycho-emotional , traumatic experiences).. Second, the network analysis by period showed that the direction of research changed from period 1 to period 2 to adaptive, work-label, and active approaches to mental health.&#x0D; Conclusions These results are meaningful in that they reviewed research trends related to Police Officer’s Job Stress and provided implications for future research related to Police Officer’s Job Stress&#x0D;

中韩文化交流的音乐使者

This article is an interview with Professor Piao Enyu of Kangwon National University, a musical messenger of cultural exchanges between China and South Korea. Professor Piao introduced the process of embarking on the research of Korean music history, and discussed the music of the Goryeo Dynasty, the similarities and differences between Chinese and Korean music history, Korean folk music, Korean elegant music, and Professor Piao’s own work Goryeo Tang Music, etc. After making an analysis, she finally put forward her own expectations for young music scholars: strive to get closer to the music exchange between China and South Korea based on the existing knowledge structure.

Mapping Knowledge Structures and Trends on Walkability Studies

Walkability is a significant and well-known study to make the built environment to be walkable. However, there is a scarcity of material that aims to investigate the structure and research trends of walkability in recent years. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review is to investigate the structure and research trends in walkability. By applying the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) review method, a systematic literature review (SLR) identifies 50 studies by walkability from 2021 to 2022 from the 3 well-known databases for searching scientific publications including Web of Science, Scopus, and Sage. A mapping technique using VOSviewer to identify thematic focus is employed. Based on these 50 studies, it shows that the existing research on walkability within two years consists of some conceptual aspects that underlying walkability studies including ‘the built environment’, ‘walking’ and physical activity’, which then leads to one or some specific problems on physical or perceived factors which ultimately aim to create a walkable area. Hence, it is significant to do more research on the integration between factors in this field to solve the dependence on motorized transportation for future scholarly work. In addition, the usage of tools could enrich the existing literature on this field. It is also noted that various age perceptions to solve walkability issues need to be considered. The research also emphasizes significant authors, journals, references, countries, and organizations that have contributed to the development of the walkability literature to elaborate in more detail on thematic focus.

The crisis communication of the COVID-19 pandemic in media discourse: Text mining for infectious disease frames and environmental pollution

ABSTRACT This study conducts a text semantic analysis of mainstream media coverage of the 2019 COVID-19 outbreak in China. By examining frequently used keywords and their co-occurrences, researchers infer a semantic network and word collocations. Encoding epidemic-related frames offers insight into cognitive structures used in understanding and communicating issues. Through framing, media and individuals emphasize certain crisis aspects while downplaying others. The study reveals that Chinese mainstream media employed 12 frames during the COVID-19 crisis. Methodologically, the study demonstrates identifying frames in Chinese media news through text mining. Using Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), the study elucidates stage-frame connections and frame relationships. Paired statistical analysis examines mainstream media attention to environmental pollution amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Results show frames changed during different pandemic stages, reflecting mainstream media's role in social stability. Applying MCA and HCA techniques, the 12 frames cluster into four groups, highlighting consistent frame usage by Chinese mainstream media. Mainstream media also begins to address COVID-19-related environmental pollution, focusing on virus contamination of goods, medical waste, and wastewater, lacking comprehensive attention to broader environmental pollution. These findings offer insights for public health professionals and environmentalists, aiding crisis communication strategy formulation for future emergencies.

Содержание и значение криминалистической тактики в структуре криминалистического знания: терминологические аспекты

Статья посвящена анализу дискуссионных вопросов относительно использования в теории и на практике ключевых терминов – криминалистической тактики как раздела криминалистической науки. Рассматриваются вопросы формирования и развития криминалистической тактики, анализируются научные подходы к ее содержанию, терминологической составляющей, обозначаются дискуссионные вопросы, требующие дальнейшего осмысления и обсуждения. Опираясь на правила терминологии и принимая во внимание этимологию и генезис термина «тактика», обосновывается позиция о том, что уместность его использования находится в прямой зависимости от конкретной следственной ситуации, обусловленной прогностической и поисковой деятельностью следователя. The article analyzes controversial issues regarding the use and usage in theory and practice of key terms of forensic tactics as a branch of forensic science. The author studies issues of formation and development of forensic tactics, analyzes approaches of leading forensic scientists to its content, terminological component, identifies controversial issues that require further reflection and discussion in the scientific community. Based on the rules of terminology and taking into account the etymology and genesis of the term “tactics”, the author substantiates his position that the appropriateness of its use is directly dependent on the specific investigative situation caused by the predictive and search activities of the investigator.

Mapping trends and hotspots regarding the use of telenursing for elderly individuals with chronic diseases: A bibliometric analysis.

Telenursing is receiving extensive attention from scholars and medical staff. However, there are few studies on the knowledge structure of telenursing for elderly individuals with chronic diseases. This study aims to demonstrate current research status and development trend of telenursing for elderly individuals with chronic diseases through a visual analysis of CiteSpace, so as to provide a more comprehensive perspective for future researches. Literature about telenursing for elderly patients with chronic diseases from 2002 to 2022 was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection using CiteSpace 6.1.R3. A total of 375 records were obtained. Annual publication and citation frequency gradually increased over the investigated period, reaching a peak in 2022. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare was the most prolific and the most cited journal. The United States was the most productive country, the University of Melbourne was the most productive institution, and the author CHEN C ranked the highest in the number of publications. The most popular keywords were "care," "telemedicine," "management," "older adult," "chronic disease," "health," and "heart failure," which had a high frequency and centrality. The keywords "telehealth," "randomized controlled trail," "chronic obstructive pulmonary disease," "implementation" and "time" showed the strongest citation burst. The keywords were clustered to form 10 labels. The article published in 2010 by Chaudhry SI was cited the most. The top 3 cited journals were all special journal of telemedicine. This study revealed current research status and development trend of telenursing for elderly individuals with chronic diseases. The bibliometric analysis of telenursing expands the knowledge field of telemedicine and provides new insights into the management of elderly patients with chronic diseases.

Domain-specific knowledge graph rule pattern mining based on generative adversarial networks

Most existing knowledge graphs (KGs) in specific domains suffer from problems of insufficient structural knowledge mining, superficial constraint of rules, incomplete system of rule patterns and higher error rate in the process of automated rule generation. In this paper, we present an adversarial generative approach for rule mining based on generative adversarial networks (GANs). The method firstly extracted a rule set according to a specific rule pattern defined manually, the rule set is then used as the adversarial training dataset for the GAN, That is, the discriminator determines whether a rule is true or not by learning the pattern of the rule set, and the generator tricks the discriminator by forging rules and improves according to the feedback from the generator.Finally, a generator is obtained to generate new rules that conform to the rule pattern, and a discriminator is obtained to determine the confidence of the automatically constructed triples.

A Bibliometric Analysis of the Knowledge Structure of Reflective Learning in the Health Sciences

This research aims to identify the developmental patterns of reflective learning in the health sciences context and offer suggestions for future research in this field. Our dataset consists of 385 studies conducted between 1983 and 2023 in the Web of Sciences (WOS) database. In this study, bibliometric analysis techniques such as performance analyses, co-citation analysis, co-word analysis, and co-authorship analysis were employed. The results of the co-word analysis indicated that Cluster 1 emphasizes medical education, student performance, and skill development, showcasing that self-assessment and feedback are crucial components of reflective learning. Cluster 2 explores how health services shape student experiences and the impact of reflective learning on these experiences. Cluster 3 highlights the centrality of reflective learning in professional development and patient interaction. Clusters 4 and 5 elucidate the roles of knowledge, attitudes, and quality management in the reflective learning process. Clusters 6 and 7 underscore the critical importance of continuous improvement and patient safety within the context of reflective learning. In conclusion, the topic of reflective learning is garnering increasing interest in health disciplines, and further comprehensive analyses are needed to better understand the trend of this interest.

Ischemic stroke pathophysiology: A bibliometric and visualization analysis from 1990 to 2022

BackgroundPathophysiology plays a significant role in the scientific study of ischemic stroke, and has attracted increasing interest from researchers in the field. However, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis is lacking in this field. The purpose of this study is to identify the current research status and hotspots of ischemic stroke pathophysiology from a bibliometric perspective. MethodsThe Web of Science Core Collection database was searched for articles published from 1990 to 2022. CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and R package “bibliometrix” software were used to analyze countries/regions, institutions, journals, authors, papers, and keywords to predict the latest trends in ischemic stroke pathophysiology research. ResultsThis analysis collected 7578 records of ischemic stroke pathophysiology. China and America emerged as the leading countries in this field, with Harvard University being the most active institution. Among journals and authors in this field, journal Stroke and author Gregory YH Lip published the most papers, while Nature Medicine was the journal with the highest citation per article. Keywords and co-citation clusters were closely related to “central nervous system”, “mechanisms”, “biochemistry & molecular biology” and “radiology, nuclear medicine & medical imaging”, while other related fields, such as peripheral organs damage induced by the central nervous system and rehabilitation after ischemic stroke, require further research efforts. ConclusionThis is the first bibliometric study that comprehensively mapped out the knowledge structure and development trends of ischemic stroke pathophysiology in recent 32 years, which may provide a reference for scholars to explore ischemic stroke pathophysiology.

SPDesign: protein sequence designer based on structural sequence profile using ultrafast shape recognition.

Protein sequence design can provide valuable insights into biopharmaceuticals and disease treatments. Currently, most protein sequence design methods based on deep learning focus on network architecture optimization, while ignoring protein-specific physicochemical features. Inspired by the successful application of structure templates and pre-trained models in the protein structure prediction, we explored whether the representation of structural sequence profile can be used for protein sequence design. In this work, we propose SPDesign, a method for protein sequence design based on structural sequence profile using ultrafast shape recognition. Given an input backbone structure, SPDesign utilizes ultrafast shape recognition vectors to accelerate the search for similar protein structures in our in-house PAcluster80 structure database and then extracts the sequence profile through structure alignment. Combined with structural pre-trained knowledge and geometric features, they are further fed into an enhanced graph neural network for sequence prediction. The results show that SPDesign significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods, such as ProteinMPNN, Pifold and LM-Design, leading to 21.89%, 15.54% and 11.4% accuracy gains in sequence recovery rate on CATH 4.2 benchmark, respectively. Encouraging results also have been achieved on orphan and de novo (designed) benchmarks with few homologous sequences. Furthermore, analysis conducted by the PDBench tool suggests that SPDesign performs well in subdivided structures. More interestingly, we found that SPDesign can well reconstruct the sequences of some proteins that have similar structures but different sequences. Finally, the structural modeling verification experiment indicates that the sequences designed by SPDesign can fold into the native structures more accurately.

What can Fraser and Bourdieu teach us about success and obstacles in the implementation of Recognition of Prior Learning?

Despite the adoption of Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) policies, its implementation lags behind, remains un-coordinated and lacks institutional support. The key issues underlying these challenges include knowledge contestation and gatekeeping in the form of resistant cognitive structures in defence of the intellectual foundations of university knowledge. This article weaves the theories of Fraser and Bourdieu together to analyse the literature on RPL policy, pedagogic agency and practice in order to deepen understanding of RPL’s success and obstacles. Fraser’s notion of parity of participation is useful in that it theorises how adherence to social justice principles to promote RPL implementation can be created in the academy. Bourdieu’s work facilitates interrogation of the habitus, and social and cultural capital of RPL practitioners in relation to the habitus of academics, and how these impact the crossing of knowledge boundaries via RPL as a specialised pedagogy. The article concludes that successful RPL implementation requires, inter alia, that attention be directed to honing the class habitus of the academy as a whole, including adequate theorisation of the conditions necessary for the existence of pedagogic agency within the context of the prevailing knowledge difference discourse.