Cognitive Set Research Articles

Multi-class classification of construction hazards via cognitive states assessment using wearable EEG

Improving workers’ safety and health is one of the most critical issues in the construction industry. Research attempts have been made to better identify construction hazards on a jobsite by analyzing workers’ physical responses (e.g., stride and balance) or physiological responses (e.g., brain waves and heart rate) collected from the wearable devices. Among them, electroencephalogram (EEG) holds unique potential since it reveals abnormal patterns immediately when a hazard is perceived and recognized. Unfortunately, the unproven capacity of EEG signals for multi-hazard classification is a primary barrier towards ubiquitous hazard identification in real-time on jobsites. This study correlates EEG signal patterns with construction hazard types and develops an EEG classifier based on the experiments conducted in an immersive virtual reality (VR) environment. Hazards of different types (e.g., fall and slip/trip) were simulated in a VR environment. EEG signals were collected from subjects who wore both wearable EEG and VR devices during the experimentation. Two types of EEG features (time-domain/frequency-domain features and cognitive features) were extracted for training and testing. A total of eighteen advanced machine learning algorithms were used to develop the EEG classifier. The initial results showed that the LightGBM classifier achieved 70.1% accuracy based on the cognitive feature set for the 7-class classification. To improve the performance, the input data was relabeled, and three strategies were designed and tested. As a result, the combined approach (two-step ensemble classification) achieved 82.3% accuracy. As such, this study not only demonstrates the feasibility of coupling wearable EEG, VR, and machine learning to differentiate jobsite hazards but also provides strategies to improve multi-class classification performance. The research results support ubiquitous hazard identification and thereby contribute to the safety of the construction workplace.

Bent, But Not Broken: Locus-of-Hope and Well-Being Among Malaysians Facing Economic Challenges Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Hope is conceptualized as a cognitive set that has often been studied in the context of adversity. No studies, however, directly examine how locus-of-hope (LOH) influences psychological outcomes among vulnerable populations within collectivist cultural contexts. We address this gap by assessing the relationships between LOH and well-being among Malaysians facing financial struggles during the COVID-19 pandemic. We hypothesized that LOH will predict well-being but that external LOH will more strongly predict well-being than internal LOH. One-hundred and fifty-two (152) Malaysians (63 men, 89 women, average age 29.69 years old) who have (1) experienced loss of employment status (2) decrease in salary earnings or (3) earn below the lower 40% threshold of national household incomes completed a series of questionnaires assessing their LOH and well-being. Results indicate that controlling for age, perceptions of government efforts and trait optimism, LOH significantly predict well-being. Findings also show that internal LOH and LOH-family were the strongest predictors of well-being. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in light of these findings.

Joint User Association, Power Optimization and Trajectory Control in an Integrated Satellite-Aerial-Terrestrial Network

Internet-of-Things (IoT) is being widely embraced with the number of connected devices growing rapidly. Moreover, IoT applications are emerging in diverse verticals such as connected cars, connected factories, and smart agriculture. For new business models, in order to meet key network performance indicators, connectivity must be flexible and agile. An integrated satellite-aerial-terrestrial network (I-SAT) has recently stimulated interest in providing wireless communication due to its high maneuverability, versatile deployment, and pervasive connectivity. The resource planning, task distribution, and action management of an I-SAT can be accomplished through effective acquisition, coordination, transmission, and aggregation of diverse information. This paper considers an I-SAT network, in which multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with aerial stations and a terrestrial base station (BS), in a cognitive setting, in the presence of satellite-receiver communication, are deployed to support smart vehicles on the ground. By taking into account different limitations and Quality of Service (QoS) constraints, the goal is to maximize the average throughput among users by jointly optimizing user association, BS/UAV transmission power, and UAV trajectory. The formulated problem is a non-convex optimization problem with a complicated expression that is hard to solve. To tackle this problem, an alternating iterative algorithm based on the block descent method is proposed. Precisely, the problem is subdivided into three subproblems, transmitter-vehicle association optimization, BS/UAV power allocation optimization, and UAV trajectory control. Then, in an iterative process, these subproblems are solved sequentially. The proposed solution uses a segment-by-segment technique, which breaks the complete UAV flight trajectory into smaller time segments to reduce computation time when the network service period is considerable. As a result, each time segment’s optimization can be solved more quickly. Furthermore, the paper presents the results of network simulations carried out to assess the efficiency of the proposed solution. The findings show that the presented scheme outperforms different benchmark schemes in terms of the average user throughput when observing multiple different scenarios.

Neurocognitive Capabilities and Physiological Responses to Cognitive Stress as well as General Health and Fitness Measurements in Competitive Gamers versus Non‐Gamers

Competitive video gaming, also known as eSports, is a growing industry in the US and worldwide. As interest in eSports has grown, so has the interest in those who participate, particularly competitive eSports athletes. The physiological and cognitive impact of various training regimes, high frequency and duration of play, and live or virtual competitions has gained recent attention. The aim of this study was to characterize potential cognitive and physiological differences among competitive gamers and non‐gamers while accounting for fitness levels. Specifically, the physiological parameters compared were differences in stress response [as measured by changes in heart rate (HR), blood pressure (MAP), and respiration rate (RR)] due to cognitive load (via various cognitive assessments) and fitness measurements such as body composition and health and skill related fitness components. Twenty‐two total participants were studied [n=11 in gamers (9M, 2F, play >5 hrs/wk) and non‐gamers (8M, 3F)]. The six different cognitive tests used were to measure various neurocognitive components that have previously been shown to be enhanced in gamers: the Stroop Test (cognitive set shifting, inhibitory control, and set twitching), Modified Card Sorting Test (problem solving and abstract thinking), Finger Tapping Test (psychomotor speed), Trail Making Test (speeded visual search and tracking), Spatial Processing Task (spatial recognition), and Iowa Gambling Test (risky decision making) were administered via a computer (Millisecond). After completing cognitive testing, each subject’s health‐related fitness components (muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, and estimated aerobic capacity) were assessed with a handgrip dynamometer, Situp Bleep test, V Sit and Reach Test, and Modified Bruce Treadmill, respectively. Skill‐related fitness components (power, balance, hand‐eye coordination) were assessed with vertical jump, the Balance Error Scoring System, and the Alternate Hand Wall Ball Test, respectively. Body anthropometrics was measured through height, weight, BMI, body fat percentage (via bioelectrical impedance analysis), and hip‐to‐waist measurements. Of the cognitive components assessed, the only difference was that the video gamers had average scores for the Finger Tapping Test (70.1±10.6) that were trending towards significance versus the non‐gamers (62.3±6.7; p=0.052). The systemic physiological responses to the cognitive testing were minimal (non‐gamers: ∆MAP ‐1.7 to 0.3 mmHg, ∆RR 0.1 to 3.4 BPM, ∆HR ‐3.5 to 7.8 BPM; gamers: ∆MAP ‐0.01 to 1.5 mmHg, ∆RR 2.4 to 4.3 BPM, ∆HR ‐2.7 to 4.0 BPM) and did not differ between the two groups. As intended, given the potential impact of fitness on cognitive performance and sympathoexcitation, the fitness levels of the participants were not different. Thus, when physical activity is accounted for, competitive gamers and non‐gamers perform similarly in most cognitive tasks and have similar physiological responses to this stress.

Scientific faith: social and cognitive aspects

This study analyzes scientific faith through the lenses of its scientific, cognitive, and social potential. The paper aims to study the role of secular non-religious faith in contemporary social processes and individual cognitive formation. The research methodology includes systematic approach to demonstrate the relationship between individual’s cognitive settings and social reality; dialectical approach; analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction. Results: the transformation of traditional social relations leads to the popularization of non-religious secular faith, especially the scientific faith, which motivates to unprovably accept scientific and pseudoscientific positions as true for gaining an existential confidence. In addition to the social aspect, scientific faith has a high scientific and cognitive potential that leads to the irrational acceptance of the scientific understanding of the world, the axiomatic base, and each specific theory, as the closest to the absolute truth, which provides the researcher with a permission to use them. Conclusions: the high role of science and scientific technologies in contemporary society leads to the transfer of faith in science beyond the limits of scientific knowledge into everyday practice. Thus it turns into a powerful social phenomenon, responsible for transforming the image of science in mass perceptions into the undeniable ideal of truth. This confidence not only contributes to the comfortable existence of the individual; without it, an uncorroborated acceptance of the scientific axiomatic base and science as a whole as the closest to the truth is impossible. The lack of this confidence makes further scientific advance difficult.

Strategic Self‐Regulation for Speaking English as a Foreign Language: Scale Development and Validation

Strategic Self‐Regulation for Speaking English as a Foreign Language: Scale Development and Validation

Study on relationship between emotional intelligence and personality of individual and team game players

Emotional intelligence (EI) refers to the ability to perceive, control, and evaluate emotions. Personality is the characteristic sets of behaviors, cognitions and emotional patterns that evolve from biological and environmental factors. The relationship between EI and personality traits are interlinked because as EI is relevant to understanding and control of emotions which are very important in personality construction. The purpose of the present study was to find out whether there is any relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Personality Traits among the sports persons of individual and team games players. The researcher was selected 70 subjects from different colleges. The subjects were categorized into two main groups: 35 individual players (Athletics) and 35 team game players (Cricket, Kho-kho, Volleyball, Kabaddi and Football). Emotional intelligence test and Cattell’16PF (personality) Questionnaire developed by Roqiya Zainuddin and Anjum Ahmed & Raymond Cattell were used to measure EI and personality traits respectively. The collected data were analyzed using correlation coefficient. Results showed that positive correlation in few factors of Cattell’s 16 PF with Emotional Intelligence of individual players and team games players. Co-relational analysis showed that EI was positively correlated with A, C, F, H, O, Q1 and Q3 factors (Cattell’s 16 PF) of individual players. On the other side, results showed that EI was positively correlated with F, H, L, M, N and Q3 factors (Cattell’s 16 PF) of team game players.

Person-Centered Goal Setting is Feasible in People With Parkinson's Disease Who Have Subjective Cognitive Decline

<h3>Research Objectives</h3> Evaluate the feasibility of person-centered goal setting in cognitive rehabilitation for people with Parkinson's disease (PD) and explore the characteristics of the formulated goals. <h3>Design</h3> Secondary analysis. <h3>Setting</h3> Community. <h3>Participants</h3> Thirty adults with PD who have subjective cognitive decline completed person-centered goal setting prior to participating in a cognitive intervention. <h3>Interventions</h3> Person-centered goal setting was delivered by occupational therapists as a part of two studies investigating a cognitive intervention. <h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3> The total mean number of formulated goals per participant, the importance level of each goal using a 10-point scale (1: not important – 10: very important), and goal domains and categories coded using a goal coding system developed based on the literature and Occupational Therapy Practice Framework (OTPF). Using the coding system, two researchers independently coded all goals. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus or in consultation with a senior researcher. <h3>Results</h3> Participants formulated a total of 166 goals. The mean number of formulated goals per participant was 5.53 (SD = 2.19, range = 3 – 10). The mean importance level of all formulated goals was 8.31 (SD = 1.5, range = 4 – 10). Eighty-seven percent of all formulated goals were scored 7 or higher importance level. At the individual level, twenty-eight participants developed at least three goals with a 7 or higher importance level, whereas the remaining two formulated only two goals with a 7 or higher importance level. Goals included diverse domains and categories as per the OTPF. The most common domains were occupations (45%) and client factors (22%). The most common categories were symptom and condition management (12%), higher-level cognitive (11%), and time management (11%). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Person-centered goal setting can guide people with PD who have subjective cognitive decline to formulate personally meaningful goals. Diverse domains and categories of goals highlight clients' multifaceted needs and potential priority areas for cognitive rehabilitation. Future studies can optimize the current goal setting approach to enhance personally meaningful goal formulation and evaluate its effectiveness to improve cognitive rehabilitation outcomes. <h3>Author(s) Disclosures</h3> No conflict of interest.

Overcoming cognitive set bias requires more than seeing an alternative strategy

Determining when to switch from one strategy to another is at the heart of adaptive decision-making. Previous research shows that humans exhibit a ‘cognitive set’ bias, which occurs when a familiar strategy occludes—even much better—alternatives. Here we examined the mechanisms underlying cognitive set by investigating whether better solutions are visually overlooked, or fixated on but disregarded. We analyzed gaze data from 67 American undergraduates (91% female) while they completed the learned strategy-direct strategy (LS-DS) task, which measures their ability to switch from a learned strategy (LS) to a more efficient direct strategy (DS or shortcut). We found that, in the first trial block, participants fixated on the location of the shortcut more when it was available but most (89.6%) did not adopt it. Next, participants watched a video demonstrating either the DS (N = 34 Informed participants) or the familiar LS (N = 33 Controls). In post-video trials, Informed participants used the DS more than pre-video trials and compared to Controls. Notably, 29.4% of Informed participants continued to use the LS despite watching the DS video. We suggest that cognitive set in the LS-DS task does not stem from an inability to see the shortcut but rather a failure to try it.

Validation of a battery of inhibitory control tasks reveals a multifaceted structure in non-human primates.

Inhibitory control, the ability to override an inappropriate prepotent response, is crucial in many aspects of everyday life. However, the various paradigms designed to measure inhibitory control often suffer from a lack of systematic validation and have yielded mixed results. Thus the nature of this ability remains unclear, is it a general construct or a family of distinct sub-components? Therefore, the aim of this study was first to demonstrate the content validity and the temporal repeatability of a battery of inhibitory control tasks. Then we wanted to assess the contextual consistency of performances between these tasks to better understand the structure of inhibitory control. We tested 21 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta, 12 males, nine females) in a battery of touchscreen tasks assessing three main components of inhibitory control: inhibition of a distraction (using a Distraction task), inhibition of an impulsive action (using a Go/No-go task) and inhibition of a cognitive set (using a Reversal learning task). All tasks were reliable and effective at measuring the inhibition of a prepotent response. However, while there was consistency of performance between the inhibition of a distraction and the inhibition of an action, representing a response-driven basic form of inhibition, this was not found for the inhibition of a cognitive set. We argue that the inhibition of a cognitive set is a more cognitively demanding form of inhibition. This study gives a new insight in the multifaceted structure of inhibitory control and highlights the importance of a systematic validation of cognitive tasks in animal cognition.

Lower Cognitive Set Shifting Ability Is Associated With Stiffer Balance Recovery Behavior and Larger Perturbation-Evoked Cortical Responses in Older Adults.

The mechanisms underlying associations between cognitive set shifting impairments and balance dysfunction are unclear. Cognitive set shifting refers to the ability to flexibly adjust behavior to changes in task rules or contexts, which could be involved in flexibly adjusting balance recovery behavior to different contexts, such as the direction the body is falling. Prior studies found associations between cognitive set shifting impairments and severe balance dysfunction in populations experiencing frequent falls. The objective of this study was to test whether cognitive set shifting ability is expressed in successful balance recovery behavior in older adults with high clinical balance ability (N = 19, 71 ± 7 years, 6 female). We measured cognitive set shifting ability using the Trail Making Test and clinical balance ability using the miniBESTest. For most participants, cognitive set shifting performance (Trail Making Test B-A = 37 ± 20 s) was faster than normative averages (46 s for comparable age and education levels), and balance ability scores (miniBESTest = 25 ± 2/28) were above the threshold for fall risk (23 for people between 70 and 80 years). Reactive balance recovery in response to support-surface translations in anterior and posterior directions was assessed in terms of body motion, muscle activity, and brain activity. Across participants, lower cognitive set shifting ability was associated with smaller peak center of mass displacement during balance recovery, lower directional specificity of late phase balance-correcting muscle activity (i.e., greater antagonist muscle activity 200–300 ms after perturbation onset), and larger cortical N1 responses (100–200 ms). None of these measures were associated with clinical balance ability. Our results suggest that cognitive set shifting ability is expressed in balance recovery behavior even in the absence of profound clinical balance disability. Specifically, our results suggest that lower flexibility in cognitive task performance is associated with lower ability to incorporate the directional context into the cortically mediated later phase of the motor response. The resulting antagonist activity and stiffer balance behavior may help explain associations between cognitive set shifting impairments and frequent falls.

Consumers’ perception on the use of cognitive computing

Abstract In a world dominated by data, information is one of the most important resources. But simply collecting and storing data is not enough, as data has to be transformed into information. Researchers agree on the fact that both computing power and analytical methods allow this at an unprecedented level. Given the consistent and wide applicability of such systems and technologies today, the present work goes into possible uses of cognitive computing and sets its focus on the retail sector. Cognitive computing generally helps with consumer profiling, deriving their preferences, delivering suitable product recommendations, and contouring the consumer experience when interacting with companies. The main aim of the present work is to investigate consumer experiences with the help of cognitive computing and lay ground for further research on this topic. In the following sections of the present article, we define the concept of cognitive computing, with regard to its meaning for multiple, diverse data streams and types. We then empirically investigate the use of CC for shaping and enriching consumer experiences with the help of cognitive virtual assistants (CVAs). After conducting quantitative research, we discuss differences in perceptions between two age groups (under and over 40 years).

Renewable energy source technology selection considering the empathetic preferences of experts in a cognitive fuzzy social participatory allocation network

Renewable energy sources (RESs) have become increasingly significant in optimising the energy structure, protecting the ecological environment, and achieving sustainable economic and social developments. The residential sector is one of the major energy consumption industries. Choosing an appropriate RES technology for a residential building can be regarded as a multi-criteria group decision-making (MCGDM) problem, and the preferences of inhabitants regarding the renewable energy alternatives of a residential building should be considered. However, the previous literature on MCGDM did not consider the social relationships between experts. To address these challenges, we propose a cognitive fuzzy social participatory allocation network (SPAN) method considering the empathetic preferences (EPs) of experts. The cognitive fuzzy set is used by experts to depict fuzzy and uncertain information. Given that the traditional SPAN method is easily influenced by personal self-evaluations when aggregating evaluation information, we incorporate the traditional SPAN method with the EPs of experts to make the decision results more objective. A case study concerning the evaluation of RES technologies is presented to verify the practicability of the proposed model. The method is efficient, since the economic, environmental, technological, and social factors regarding the selection of RES technologies for residential buildings are included.

Heterogeneity of performances in several inhibitory control tasks: male rhesus macaques are more easily distracted than females.

Inhibitory control, the ability to override a dominant response, is crucial in many aspects of everyday life. In animal studies, striking individual variations are often largely ignored and their causes rarely considered. Hence, our aims were to systematically investigate individual variability in inhibitory control, to replicate the most common causes of individual variation (age, sex and rank) and to determine if these factors had a consistent effect on three main components of inhibitory control (inhibition of a distraction, inhibition of an action, inhibition of a cognitive set). We tested 21 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) in a battery of validated touchscreen tasks. We first found individual variations in all inhibitory control performances. We then demonstrated that males had poorer performances to inhibit a distraction and that middle-aged individuals exhibited poorer performance in the inhibition of a cognitive set. Hence, the factors of age and sex were not consistently associated with the main components of inhibitory control, suggesting a multi-faceted structure. The rank of the subjects did not influence any inhibitory control performances. This study adopts a novel approach for animal behaviour studies and gives new insight into the individual variability of inhibitory control which is crucial to understand its evolutionary underpinnings.

Cognitive control is quickly adapted to actual task requirements despite misleading context cues-Evidence from the N2, CRN, and ERN.

Cognitive control is flexibly adapted to task requirements in healthy individuals. Medio-frontal negativities in the event-related potential of the electroencephalogram can serve as indicators of cognitive control. With increasing conflict frequency, stimulus-locked control, as indexed by the N2, is increased and response-locked control, as indexed by the correct-related negativity, is reduced. On the behavioral level, this shift is associated with improved conflict resolution as evident in reduced response times and error rates in incompatible trials and a reduced response time congruency effect. Cognitive control adaptation might be implemented through experience-based task sets specifying advantageous processing strategies. Here, we investigated whether the cognitive control task set will be sustained when coupled with a contextual cue, even when the initial task requirements are no longer present. A flanker task with two conflict frequency conditions (25% incompatible and 75% incompatible trials) was presented. In the training phase, the conflict frequency conditions were paired with a distinct context cue (i.e., background color). In the test phase, the previously associated cues were again presented, but conflict frequency was identical in both conditions (50% incompatible trials). Although typical cognitive control adaptation was observed in the training phase on the behavioral and event-related potentials level, this pattern was not sustained in the test phase. Thus, the present study provides further evidence that cognitive control is flexibly adapted to task requirements even in the presence of misleading cues.

Subjective time, place, and language in Lisa Gorton’sThe Life of Houses

AbstractFiction has often shown that our sense of time can be affected by the spaces and things around us. In particular, the houses in which characters live can make the passing of time dilate, accelerate, even to seem to skip or stop. These interactions between place and time may represent more than metaphor or literary artifice, but rather genuine cognitive processes of embodied subjective time. This is demonstrated in an analysis of Lisa Gorton’sThe Life of Houses, supplementing traditional stylistic analysis with cognitive poetics to explore an influence of the central house, the Sea House, on the young protagonist’s experience of time. Exploring the text through the fictional mental functioning of a main character offers a new way to understandThe Life of Houses, and, more broadly, the cognitive approach set out in this article—one which takes into account various active and interactive influences on subjective time—may have implications for the interpretation of other works which analyse the connections between time, place, and self.

A meta-analytic review of the reliability of the Index of Cognitive Activity concerning task-evoked cognitive workload and light influences

The Index of Cognitive Activity (ICA) was introduced as a promising pupillary workload measure for field investigations since, unlike pupil dilation, it is not affected by illumination. Recent studies have investigated the ICA for task-evoked cognitive workload with contradictory findings. However, few studies investigated the influence of illumination on the ICA. Therefore, to examine inconsistencies regarding the reliability for workload measurement and the effects of light, a meta-analysis was conducted based on a structured literature review. The meta-analysis considered k = 14 studies with a total sample size of N = 751 participants. Results showed significant effects for workload (r = 0.61) and light (r = 0.45) on the ICA. Since moderating effects were found for several between-study differences, it seems likely that different cognitive processes and settings affect the indicator and should be considered in empirical investigations. According to the findings, the ICA is a reliable indicator for task-evoked workload. However, light influences were found which indicates that evidence-based conclusions regarding the ICA's practical applicability require further research.

Testing the over-reliance on central attention (ORCA) hypothesis: Do older adults have difficulty automatizing especially easy tasks?

Does aging increase the reliance on central attention to carry out tasks, even when those tasks do not need it? To test the hypothesis of over-reliance on central attention (ORCA), we examined the ability of older adults to entirely bypass ideomotor-compatible (IM) tasks. IM tasks operate automatically for younger adults: The perception of an IM stimulus (e.g., a left-pointing arrow) directly activates the associated response code (e.g., pressing the left key). In a psychological refractory period (PRP) procedure, younger and older adults performed a slow auditory-vocal Task 1 paired with a fast visual-manual Task 2 that was either IM or non-IM. Task-2 compatibility (IM vs. non-IM) was manipulated as a between-subjects factor (Experiment 1) and as a within-subjects factor (Experiment 2). Both experiments yielded the counterintuitive finding of larger age differences in dual-task performance when Task 2 was easy (i.e., IM) than when it was difficult (i.e., non-IM), as evidenced by old/young ratio analyses and Brinley plots. Relatedly, whereas younger adults routinely bypassed the bottleneck with an IM Task 2 (as evidenced by a small PRP effect and a high rate of response reversals), older adults did not. The present findings cannot easily be explained by the hypotheses of generalized cognitive slowing and of specific processing deficits but support the ORCA hypothesis. As cognitive decline sets in, older adults begin to try harder: This extra application of central attention compensates for cognitive decline but can result in applying attention when it is not needed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

PD61-01 THE USE OF 3D VIRTUAL MODELS DURING ROBOT ASSISTED RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY ENSURES A REDUCTION OF POSITIVE SURGICAL MARGINS RATE

You have accessJournal of UrologyProstate Cancer: Localized: Surgical Therapy V (PD61)1 Sep 2021PD61-01 THE USE OF 3D VIRTUAL MODELS DURING ROBOT ASSISTED RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY ENSURES A REDUCTION OF POSITIVE SURGICAL MARGINS RATE Enrico Checcucci, Angela Pecoraro, Sabrina De Cillis, Daniele Amparore, Federico Piramide, Alberto Piana, Gabriele Volpi, Paolo Alessio, Michele Sica, Stefano Granato, Stefano Piscitello, Beatrice Carbonaro, Giovanni Cattaneo, Matteo Manfredi, Cristian Fiori, and Francesco Porpiglia Enrico CheccucciEnrico Checcucci More articles by this author , Angela PecoraroAngela Pecoraro More articles by this author , Sabrina De CillisSabrina De Cillis More articles by this author , Daniele AmparoreDaniele Amparore More articles by this author , Federico PiramideFederico Piramide More articles by this author , Alberto PianaAlberto Piana More articles by this author , Gabriele VolpiGabriele Volpi More articles by this author , Paolo AlessioPaolo Alessio More articles by this author , Michele SicaMichele Sica More articles by this author , Stefano GranatoStefano Granato More articles by this author , Stefano PiscitelloStefano Piscitello More articles by this author , Beatrice CarbonaroBeatrice Carbonaro More articles by this author , Giovanni CattaneoGiovanni Cattaneo More articles by this author , Matteo ManfrediMatteo Manfredi More articles by this author , Cristian FioriCristian Fiori More articles by this author , and Francesco PorpigliaFrancesco Porpiglia More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000002098.01AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Positive surgical margins (PSM) after radical prostatectomy represent a worrying circumstance for both surgeons and patients, leading to a higher rate of biochemical recurrence (BCR). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of 3D model during robot assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) in reducing the PSM rate. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled patients with localised prostate cancer (cT1–3, cN0, cM0) undergoing preoperative Multiarametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mpMRI) and subsequent RARP at our Centre from January 2016 to January 2020. Thanks to the support of bioengineers, starting from mpMRI bidimensional images, hyper accuracy 3D (HA3DTM) prostate models were realized. The first surgeon had the opportunity to use the models during the intervention in a cognitive or augmented reality setting. Demographic and perioperative variables were collected. The nerve sparing (NS) approach according to Pasadena classification and the PSM rate were evaluated both in 3D and non-3D groups. Modelling relied on multivariable logistic regression (MLR) models predicting the presence of PSM in the overall population and in 4 specific subgroups of patients: extra capsular extension patients, D’Amico high risk category, positive Digital Rectal Exam (DRE), cT3 patients. RESULTS: 757 patients were enrolled. 3D technology was used in 160 patients during the procedure. In particular, both 3D cognitive (n=56, 35%) and 3D augmented reality (n=104, 65%) procedure were performed. No differences were observed in terms of preoperative and demographic characteristics and complications rates between 3D and non-3D groups. 3D patients were treated more often with full NS approach (20.6 vs. 12.7%, p <0.05) and had lower PSM rates (25 vs. 35.3%, p=0.01), compared to their non-3D counterpart. A subgroup analysis according to the type of NS showed no difference in terms of PSM rates between the two groups (33% vs. 36.8%, 22.9% vs. 32.1% and 22.7% vs.37.4% for respectively full, intermediate and standard NS approach, p >0.05). Finally, at MLR, the availability of 3D technology (OR: 0.5, CI:0.3-0.8, p=0.005) and the absence of extracapsular extension (ECE, OR: 0.6, CI:0.4-0.9, p=0.004) at mpMRI were independent predictors of lower rates of PSM. CONCLUSIONS: The use of 3D models during RARP allows to decrease the PSM rates. Moreover, it grants a more conservative NS approach, without compromising the PSM rate. However, the low sample size does not allow to identify a specific subgroup of patients in whom the advantage of 3D technology is maximized. Source of Funding: None © 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 206Issue Supplement 3September 2021Page: e1066-e1066 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Enrico Checcucci More articles by this author Angela Pecoraro More articles by this author Sabrina De Cillis More articles by this author Daniele Amparore More articles by this author Federico Piramide More articles by this author Alberto Piana More articles by this author Gabriele Volpi More articles by this author Paolo Alessio More articles by this author Michele Sica More articles by this author Stefano Granato More articles by this author Stefano Piscitello More articles by this author Beatrice Carbonaro More articles by this author Giovanni Cattaneo More articles by this author Matteo Manfredi More articles by this author Cristian Fiori More articles by this author Francesco Porpiglia More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...

P29 Interest and Acceptability of a Clinic Based EFNEP Intervention in English and Spanish Speaking Parents for Pediatric Obesity Prevention

<h3>Objective</h3> Obesity continues to disproportionately impact low-income, ethnically diverse youth. Existing government-funded nutrition education programs and pediatric medical clinics can collaborate to target and deliver relevant interventions. The objective was to explore interest and acceptability of community nutrition intervention collocated in medical clinics. <h3>Use of Theory</h3> Social Cognitive (SCT) and goal setting theories. <h3>Target Audience</h3> Low-income English and Spanish-speaking parents with young children. <h3>Program Description</h3> Physicians referred parents of pediatric patients to the intervention. The intervention consisted of 8-weekly, 1.5 hour nutrition, activity and food-related parenting content anchored with guided goal setting, SCT constructs, and story telling. Existing Expanded Food and Nutrition Education (EFNEP) educators delivered the intervention in medical clinics. <h3>Evaluation Methods</h3> To assess interest and acceptability, referral, enrollment, and attendance data were collected and parent focus group interviews were conducted. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis were conducted on the quantitative data and interviews were recorded, transcribed and organized for content analysis. <h3>Results</h3> Twenty intervention series were conducted in English (n = 12) and Spanish (n = 8) at 5 medical clinics by 4 EFNEP educators. More than 1/3 of the parents (37%; n=709) expressed interest in the intervention after physician referral and 74% (n = 195) enrolled in the intervention. A greater proportion of referred Spanish-speaking parents expressed interest (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and completed 4 or more intervention sessions (<i>P</i> < 0.0001) compared to English-speaking parents. A total of 26 focus group interviews (n = 65) were conducted with the 97% of the parents said they enjoyed participating in the intervention. The intervention component most commonly mentioned as useful was guided goal setting. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Results from this study indicated that parents referred to the intervention were interested and attended with greater appeal to Spanish-speaking parents. Acceptability of the intervention can be attributed to the tailoring of the content and delivery by culturally competent educators.