Semantic Concepts Research Articles

Ways of Unworlding: Against Aesthetic Inferentialism

I consider and support two claims about aesthetic experience: 1) that it involves encounters with a reality that is not conceptualized via such encounters; 2) that it can generate ruptures in established norms or in the production of shared worlds. This thesis is developed in the teeth of contemporary rationalist inhumanisms that draw on Nelson Goodman’s cognitivist aesthetics and his irrealist account of ‘worldmaking’ to translate the logical insights of inferentialism (or conceptual role semantics) into an aesthetics oriented towards concept-laden practices and their revision through the techniques of experimental art. I employ Derrida’s iterability argument to show that inferentialism presupposes a realist metaphysics that treats repetition and event individuation as independent of constitutive rules, conceptual schemes or ‘world versions’; indicating one way in which aesthetic material remains outside of, even recalcitrant to, the conceptual order. The aesthetic implications of this metaphysics of undecidable events are further explored by considering Jean-Pierre Caron’s recent discussion of Henry Flynt’s idea of ‘constitutive dissociations’ and, finally, the concept as, ambivalently, victim or suicide in the experimental horror of Gary Shipley’s novel Warewolff! and my own Snuff Memories.

The Morpho-Phonology-Semantics Interface in Modern Standard Arabic

The issue of the interface between linguistic components has got much interest in contemporary linguistics especially after the advancements that took place in the discipline of Conceptual Semantics. In essence, linguistics components have all been considered to be equal in terms of deriving meaning. In this article, the researcher scrutinized how the component of morpho-phonology interfaces with semantics. This aim was achieved through the analysis of intransitive verbs in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA, henceforth). It was found that intransitive verbs serve well in terms of demonstrating the interface between morpho-phonology and semantics. The morphological and phonological alternations of intransitive verbs result in changes in meaning. Cognition has a central role in generating causative verbs from intransitive ones.

The Semantic Features and Cognitive Concepts of Máng “Busy”: A Corpus Linguistics Study of Semantic Profiling

<p>本文基於「COCT 書面語語料庫2017」對「忙」的語意特徵及認知概念進行分析。先以單字詞「忙」為單位，分析其語意特徵；再分析「忙得」後方的補語結構，研究「忙」的認知概念。本研究結果顯示「忙」的語意特徵有三類：投注大量心力和時間做某事、在有限的時間抓緊時間做事、表密集繁多，而各類能以不同的語意側重（profile）呈現。「忙」的認知概念類別為：事件狀態、生理表現、情緒。綜合上述兩個類別系統，能發現「忙」的意義具有三個特性：急迫性、消耗性、密集性。</p> <p> </p><p>This study utilized the written data from the "2017 Corpus of Contemporary Taiwanese Mandarin" to analyze the semantic features and cognitive concepts of máng "busy". There were a total of 1,094 instances analyzed, after removing the meanings bāngmáng "help", and other four-character idioms. For analysis, the study firstly analyzed the semantic features of máng and its different semantic profiles. The results showed that the semantic features of máng can be sorted into three types: (1) to describe someone taking a great effort and time to do something; (2) to describe someone seizing the time to finish something urgently; and (3) a dense condition given a specific period of time. Máng can be profiled according to these semantic features. Next, the complements following máng were analyzed for the cognitive concepts of máng. Three categories of cognitive concepts of máng were identified: the state of events, physical performances, and emotions. Together, the semantic features and the cognitive concepts of máng display its urgency, consumptiveness, and density. This study provides a detailed account of a frequently used word in Mandarin, a word so frequently used that we do not normally realize its different profiling of meanings.</p> <p> </p>

¿Salir o salir corriendo? Una aproximación a la construcción verbo + gerundio de modo en textos originales y textos traducidos al español

Salir or salir corriendo? An Approach to the Construction of verb + gerund of manner in Original Texts and Texts Translated into Spanish. This article deals with the gerund of manner in combination with verbs of motion. The starting point of this study is the theoretical framework proposed by cognitive semantics which maintains that a motion event can be divided into several components: MOTION, PATH, FIGURE and GROUND. With respect to the predominant lexicalization patterns, two types of languages are distinguished: satellite -framed languages (which encode the PATH by means of a “satellite”) and verb -framed languages (which express the PATH using the verb stem). In addition, it has been observed that speakers of the second group pay less attention to the expression of MANNER, a secondary component, and that there are significant restrictions affecting this component in “boundary -crossing” events. To explore the use of the gerund in combination with verbs of motion, the InterCorp and Araneum Hispanicum Maius corpora, hosted by the Institute of the Czech National Corpus, were used. The results indicate that the gerund of manner is most often used in combination with salir, ir, venir, and llegar, and the most common forms are cor‑ riendo, caminando, andando, and volando. They also show that the combinations with corriendo and volando are more frequent in the subcorpus of texts translated into Spanish than in the subcorpus of original texts. The author concludes that the dynamics of the event is important and that is why the MANNER information is kept in the translations.

Urgensitas Semantik Dalam Memahami Kandungan Al-Qur’an

The Qur'an as a way of life deserves to be studied and understood. One way to understand the Qur'an is through interpretation. One of them uses semantic methods. The uniqueness of the semantic method is that it focuses more on the meaning of the word verse which results in a more detailed interpretation, so the urgency of this method needs to be taken into account. This study analyzes the concept of semantics, types, and their application in interpretation. The method used in this study is a literature study by exploring various sources such as books and journal articles. The results of this study indicate that Semantics is a language analysis method used in the interpretation of the Qur'an by focusing on the meaning of words from a verse. Semantics consists of various types of "meaning" with all their respective functions. The steps taken when using semantics in interpretation are to determine keywords, reveal the basic and relational meanings, explore the history of the verse, to put forward the concepts offered in the verse.

Iranian innovations in mosque lighting techniques: A historical survey

Abstract From the viewpoint of preserving the values of sustainable architecture, daylight in the interiors of mosques in hot and dry climates has always faced limitations. The need to use daylight to provide the required lighting and, in contrast, to prevent the scorching desert sun from entering the spaces led to innovative techniques in Iranian architecture. These techniques have gradually evolved along with the development of semantic concepts of space in different periods of Islamic architecture, which has resulted in slight differences in their application in mosque buildings. In this article, while analysing the place of light in mosque architecture, the standard techniques in lighting mosques located in Iran’s hot and dry climate are studied. The employed research method is a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches. As the current historic-architectural research cannot be based solely on perception-based definitions, authors had to convert the conceptual features into a measurable index. To achieve this, a numerical index with the scale from 0 to 3 has been defined. The scoring was based on documents such as plans, images, etc. Although most case study objects were built over the centuries, they have general characteristics that distinguish them from a specific historical era. The authors studied the application of these techniques in some examples of selected mosques from four periods of Islamic architecture and present the results in the form of trend charts. Furthermore, they observed the principle of continuity in Iranian architecture from the historical period from the beginning of the Islamic period to the Qajar period, and, in accordance with the theoretical foundations of research, analysed the reasons for the ups and downs of each of the techniques.

Multiple representational and dynamic conceptual analysis in the wild

Cognitive semantics has different research methods, such as introspection, corpora analysis, interaction analysis, and experiments. The analysis of “data in the wild” (corpora and interaction) is generally informed by theories, but rarely by the current landscape of experiments’ findings on language and cognition. The goal of this paper is twofold: first, we want to highlight the possibility and importance of shortening the gap between theory, empirical evidence, and analysis of data in the wild in the study of cognition. Second, we suggest that resorting to the state of the art of empirical research about language and cognition allows for more flexible analyses, which may surpass the limits of current theories. In order to do that, we (i) provide a current overview of neuro and psycholinguistic findings about the grounding of concrete and abstract concepts, (ii) discuss how these findings can support linguistic data analysis, and (iii) emphasize trends toward multiple representation theories and dynamic systems.

Geo-environmental Factors in Three Persian Folk Stories: A Preliminary Study

Stories mirror the essential function of human cognitive activity. In the present preliminary study, we hypothesized that the mental spaces that make up the stories can be influenced by the environmental conditions of their creators. For this purpose, three stories from three different climatic zones in Iran were selected and a content analysis method was used to analyze their components. Results showed significant differences between the mental spaces of different geographic regions in these three stories. This finding could be considered as a step taken to show the extent to which an individual’s cognition and cognitive processing in general and the creation of meaning in particular, is an extension and representation of embodied experience. We have discussed the subject in the framework of narrative analysis as well as cognitive semantics.

The Austrian Semantic EO Data Cube Infrastructure

Big optical Earth observation (EO) data analytics usually start from numerical, sub-symbolic reflectance values that lack inherent semantic information (meaning) and require interpretation. However, interpretation is an ill-posed problem that is difficult for many users to solve. Our semantic EO data cube architecture aims to implement computer vision in EO data cubes as an explainable artificial intelligence approach. Automatic semantic enrichment provides semi-symbolic spectral categories for all observations as an initial interpretation of color information. Users graphically create knowledge-based semantic models in a convergence-of-evidence approach, where color information is modelled a-priori as one property of semantic concepts, such as land cover entities. This differs from other approaches that do not use a-priori knowledge and assume a direct 1:1 relationship between reflectance values and land cover. The semantic models are explainable, transferable, reusable, and users can share them in a knowledgebase. We provide insights into our web-based architecture, called Sen2Cube.at, including semantic enrichment, data models, knowledge engineering, semantic querying, and the graphical user interface. Our implemented prototype uses all Sentinel-2 MSI images covering Austria; however, the approach is transferable to other geographical regions and sensors. We demonstrate that explainable, knowledge-based big EO data analysis is possible via graphical semantic querying in EO data cubes.

Study on semantic‐entity relevance of industrial icons and generation of metaphor design

AbstractThe intelligent transformation of the manufacturing industry is accompanied by the visualization of industrial information, and the semantic expression of industrial icons plays a crucial role in improving operators' cognitive performance. Taking the production process of a battery production line as the research object, we studied the semantics‐entity relevance of industrial icons based on the concepts of “signifier” and “signified” in metaphorical cognition as well as “topic” and “vehicle.” On this basis, we designed the icons of eight process stations (precleaning, diffusion, coating, screen printing, power testing, etc.) of the battery production line using the metaphor design method. The experimental results show that the icons complying with the law of semantic cognition have high search efficiency. It is concluded that the industrial icons should be designed according to the relevance between functional semantics and entity specific to each production process and that applying such carefully designed industrial icons to industrial information visualization will effectively improve the cognitive performance of operators.

Zur Entstehung und Entwicklung des begriffes „Konzept“ in der kognitiven Semantik

The present article deals with the genesis of the notion “concept” in German cognitive semantics. The aim of the study is to present the origin and development of the notion “concept” from a diachronic perspective. The genesis of the notion “concept” in linguistics, particularly cognitive semantics, is an object of discussion. It reveals a connection between ancient ideas about word meaning and trends in modern linguistics. The roots of the notion can be traced back to ancient Greek philosophy – the concept debuts as a primal notion of mental experiences in Aristotle’s writings. However, the controversial translation of ancient works leaves room for scientific discussion regarding the prototype of the notion. In the Middle Ages, the word concept originated in European languages from Latin, later establishing itself in scientific discourse through the influence of Neo-Scholasticism, Frege’s conception of logic and the semiotic triangle, as well as the principle of the arbitrariness of linguistic signs. Finally, the notion concept gains importance in the transition from objective to the subjective perception of the meaning of linguistic units (the shift from structuralism to cognitivism) and becomes under the influence of cognitive psychology, the central term in cognitive linguistics in the 1970s and 1980s. The unconventional use of the notion in linguistic studies, on the one hand, makes meta-analyses of the semantics of certain concepts more difficult; on the other hand, it favours disciplinary and methodological diversity in today’s linguistic research.

In search of different categories of abstract concepts: a fMRI adaptation study

Concrete conceptual knowledge is supported by a distributed neural network representing different semantic features according to the neuroanatomy of sensory and motor systems. If and how this framework applies to abstract knowledge is currently debated. Here we investigated the specific brain correlates of different abstract categories. After a systematic a priori selection of brain regions involved in semantic cognition, i.e. responsible of, respectively, semantic representations and cognitive control, we used a fMRI-adaptation paradigm with a passive reading task, in order to modulate the neural response to abstract (emotions, cognitions, attitudes, human actions) and concrete (biological entities, artefacts) categories. Different portions of the left anterior temporal lobe responded selectively to abstract and concrete concepts. Emotions and attitudes adapted the left middle temporal gyrus, whereas concrete items adapted the left fusiform gyrus. Our results suggest that, similarly to concrete concepts, some categories of abstract knowledge have specific brain correlates corresponding to the prevalent semantic dimensions involved in their representation.

Through space, relations, and thoughts

AbstractThis paper aims to describe the morphosyntax and semantics of postpositions in Karijona, a Cariban language from Northwest Amazonia. The data, collected in the Karijona settlement of Puerto Nare (Colombia), were analyzed according to Basic Linguistic Theory and Cognitive Semantics. Like other Cariban languages, Karijona has a typologically unusual system of postpositions, which can cross-reference person and number, and form complex stems consisting of locative roots and locative suffixes. In terms of their semantics, the system distinguishes among spatial, relational, and ‘mental state’ postpositions. The first type encodes noun classification, orientation, and distance. While the second type has prototypical relational meanings, the third refers to cognitive and emotional states. This paper presents the first systematic description of the Karijona postpositions.

Introduction: Measurement at the Crossroads

Introduction: Measurement at the Crossroads

A Semantic Segmentation Model for Headdresses in Thangka Image Based on Line Drawing Augmentation and Spatial Prior Knowledge

Thangka is a religious scroll painting. As a window to Tibetan traditional culture and religious customs, the segmentation of important semantic objects in the images can help the public understand the image content and realize high-level semantic cognition of the visual content. This paper proposes a semantic segmentation network for the central figures’ headdresses in the portrait-type Thangka images based on the rich structure and standard composition of Thangka images. Meanwhile, it has also constructed the first pixel-level semantic annotation data set of the central figures’ headdresses in Thangka images. Firstly, an original Thangka image witnesses edge augmentation through the line drawing augmentation module. Then the Feature Extraction Network is used to extract the feature map. After that, it uses the Half-RPN network to get the region of interest (ROI). Finally, Mask R-CNN Head completes segmentation and class prediction. The experimental results show that the performance of the proposed model is 10% to 19% better than that of the state-of-the-art models such as Mask R-CNN and DeepLab V3.

Attribute disentanglement and registration for occluded person re-identification

Occluded person re-identification is a challenging task which suffers from various obstacles. However, existing occluded Re-ID methods tend to exploit body detectors for pedestrian alignment, which are over-reliant on detection and lack of a flexible matching mechanism. To address this issue, we propose an Attribute Disentanglement and Registration (ADR) network to excavate non-occluded regions via attribute feature disentanglement, which can be matched effectively with a robust and soft attribute registration. The proposed ADR takes full advantages of pedestrian attributes’ high-level semantic concepts to alleviate the occlusion problem. First, the Attribute Disentanglement (AD) module obtains the representations of different attributes by localizing their spatial positions. Then the Attribute Registration (AR) module searches and matches these localized regions between different pedestrian images to conduct a registration, which allows the attribute features to be adaptively and efficiently matched. Extensive experiments on occluded, partial, and holistic Re-ID benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed ADR framework as well as its superiority over the existing state-of-the-art methods.

Visions of lexicography of a semantic European

Abstract In this essay, it is assumed that the languages of Latin Europe do have many semantic features in common, which contradicts the prevailing view of a general semantic particularity of every individual language and thus the exploitation for national-political purposes arising from that view. However, the proposition made here requires a summary and the assessment of different semantic concepts led by the idea of commonality. By means of individual cases that can be understood as relevant examples, a vision of lexicography will follow that aims at replacing the biologistic concept of a genetic explanation for contrastive semantics by the concept of a comparative semantics that is based on socio-historical, cultural-historcial and textual-historical arguments. In doing so, a historiography relating to the subject-matter of “semantics” will be suggested that assigns a semantic bridging function to Late Antiquity / Early Medieval Latin in relation to all languages of Latin Europe. The logic of the argument implies that a new era of semantic history begins upon the development of a structure of national languages in Europe, whose historical basis can still be recognised in the semantic communalities.

Elastic CRFs for Open-Ontology Slot Filling

Slot filling is a crucial component in task-oriented dialog systems that is used to parse (user) utterances into semantic concepts called slots. An ontology is defined by the collection of slots and the values that each slot can take. The most widely used practice of treating slot filling as a sequence labeling task suffers from two main drawbacks. First, the ontology is usually pre-defined and fixed and therefore is not able to detect new labels for unseen slots. Second, the one-hot encoding of slot labels ignores the correlations between slots with similar semantics, which makes it difficult to share knowledge learned across different domains. To address these problems, we propose a new model called elastic conditional random field (eCRF), where each slot is represented by the embedding of its natural language description and modeled by a CRF layer. New slot values can be detected by eCRF whenever a language description is available for the slot. In our experiment, we show that eCRFs outperform existing models in both in-domain and cross-domain tasks, especially in predicting unseen slots and values.

A Survey of Semantic Construction and Application of Satellite Remote Sensing Images and Data

With the rapid development of satellite technology, remote sensing data has entered the era of big data, and the intelligent processing of remote sensing image has been paid more and more attention. Through the semantic research of remote sensing data, the processing ability of remote sensing data is greatly improved. This paper aims to introduce and analyze the research and application progress of remote sensing image satellite data processing from the perspective of semantic. Firstly, it introduces the characteristics and semantic knowledge of remote sensing big data; Secondly, the semantic concept, semantic construction and application fields are introduced in detail; then, for remote sensing big data, the technical progress in the study field of semantic construction is analyzed from four aspects: semantic description and understanding, semantic segmentation, semantic classification and semantic search, focusing on deep learning technology; Finally, the problems and challenges in the four aspects are discussed in detail, in order to find more directions to explore.

Retraction: Umpire Gesture Detection and Recognition using HOG and Non-Linear Support Vector Machine (NL-SVM) Classification of Deep Features in Cricket Videos (J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 2070 012148)

This article has been retracted by IOP Publishing following an allegation that this article may contain tortured phrases [1], masking overlap of other work. [2-4]. IOP Publishing has investigated in line with the COPE guidelines and agree this article should be retracted. IOP Publishing wishes to credit the Problematic Paper Screener for bringing the issue to our attention. The authors have not confirmed whether they agree or disagree to this retraction. [1] Cabanac G, Labbe C, Magazinov A, 2021, Tortured phrases: A dubious writing style emerging in science. Evidence of critical issues affecting established journals, arXiv:2107.06751v1 [2] R Hari and M Wilscy, 2014, Event detection in cricket videos using intensity projection profile of Umpire gestures 2014 Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON) [3] M.H Kolekar and s Sengupta, 2010, Semantic concept mining in cricket videos for automated highlight generation Multimed Tools Appl 47 545–579 [4] S Nandyal and S.L Kattimani, 2021, An Efficient Umpire Key Frame Segmentation in Cricket Video using HOG and SVM 2021 6th International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT) Retraction published: 10 February 2023