Cognitive Search Research Articles

“A Sea Symphony” by R. Vaughan Williams and its literary source

The purpose of the article is to identify the features of the artistic concept of “A Sea Symphony” by R. Vaughan Williams and the key role in its formation of the literary source of the work. The methodology of the work is based on the application of analytical, structural, comparative and intertextual methods, which makes it possible to expand the horizons of cognitive search and identify intertextual semantic connections within the studied phenomenon. The scientific novelty is that for the first time in Ukrainian musicology the literary source of “A Sea Symphony” by R. Vaughan Williams receives analytical coverage as an important component of the holistic artistic concept of the work. Conclusions. As a result of the work carried out, it was established that the poetic texts by W. Whitman’s “Leaves of Grass” became the literary source of the symphony. They are both separate poems of the poet and fragments from his poems. Combining them, the composer builds his own compositional and dramatic logic, subordinate to the idea of revealing the significance of the mythological image of the sea, which appears in the symphony as a polysemantic archetypal complex. Features of the composer's work with a poetic text, the validity of certain notes, replications, transpositions while maintaining and accentuating its key role in building the musical and artistic whole are revealed. The specificity and principles of the distribution of poetic texts between parts of the work, as well as vocal parties, solo and choral, are determined.

Forecasting as a Problem of Cognitive Search: Evidence from Auto Industry Forecasting Tournaments

Managers and entrepreneurs rely on forecasting as a means to navigate through industry opportunities and threats. We offer a cognitive perspective that is premised on forecasting as a problem solvi...

The Evolution of Complementary Cognition: Humans Cooperatively Adapt and Evolve through a System of Collective Cognitive Search

We propose a new theory of human cognitive evolution, which we term Complementary Cognition. We build on evidence for individual neurocognitive specialization regarding search abilities in the modern population, and propose that our species cooperatively searches and adapts through a system of group-level cognition. This paper sets out a coherent theory to explain why Complementary Cognition evolved and the conditions responsible for its emergence. Using the framework of search, we show that Complementary Cognition can be contextualized as part of a hierarchy of systems including genetic search and cognitive search. We propose that, just as genetic search drives phenotypic adaptation and evolution, complementary cognitive search is central to understanding how our species adapts and evolves through culture. Complementary Cognition has far-reaching implications since it may help to explain the emergence of behavioural modernity and provides a new explanatory framework for why language and many aspects of cooperation evolved. We believe that Complementary Cognition underpins our species’ success and has important implications for how modern-day systems are designed.

Multi-Robot Collaborative Source Searching Strategy in Large-Scale Chemical Clusters

In hazardous gas leakage accidents in chemical clusters, quickly and accurately locating the diffusion source via mobile sensors (searcher) can effectively speed up emergency response. While state-of-the-art researches designed kinds of autonomous sensing and searching techniques, e.g. cognitive-based strategies to complete the localization of the leakage source; the current studies cannot meet chemical cluster’s requirements with complex road network constraints and spatial scales. To address this problem, we firstly combine a cognitive search strategy with great theoretical performance (Entrotaxis algorithm) with an intermittent search strategy and propose a fresh searching algorithm, namely Entrotaxis-Turn (ET). The hybrid algorithm can make use of the triggered turn motion to bypass obstacles to avoid falling into a loop, thereby improving the success rate and saving the searching time. Secondly, we extend the ET algorithm to the multi-robot collaboration pattern (Multi-ET algorithm), in which each mobile sensor shares the information collected along its route with each other. To reveal the performance of the proposed algorithms, a simulation scene is built in a typical chemical cluster scene and diffused gas is generated based on the advection-diffusion equation. Through Monte Carlo simulations, the optimal parameter combinations in the ET and Multi-ET algorithm are obtained. Finally, a verification experiment is carried out based on the simulation scene generated by the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. Results show that compared with the Entrotaxis algorithm, the efficiency and success rate of the ET algorithm are dramatically improved. Moreover, the Multi-ET algorithm obtains the optimal source searching performance.

Foraging for New Ideas: Search and Research in Divergent Thinking Tasks

ABSTRACT More than 50 years since the introduction of the concept of divergent production, little progress has been made in the development of parsimonious theoretical models that sufficiently explain creativity. Recently, the optimal foraging theory has been used to explain the search for items in memory tasks, suggesting the correspondence between the ability to search in a real environment and cognitive search as an essential part of cognitive models. However, the relationship between external search and divergent thinking tasks has not been empirically tested. Eight hundred and fifty-nine children were evaluated through tasks that require the visual or semantic search of information. A confirmatory factor analysis model showed that several models presented good adjustment indices. The best fit presented was a model of two latent independent factors and a general first-order factor that shows that external search and divergent thinking tasks share common mechanisms. This data empirically supports the theoretical development of the concept of divergent production under a novel empirical and evolutionary perspective that relates divergent thinking with the external and internal exploratory capacity.

Who you know is what you know: Modeling boundedly rational social sampling.

The social environment provides a sampling space for making informed inferences about features of the world at large, such as the distribution of preferences, risks, behaviors, or other events. How do people search this sampling space and make inferences based on the instances sampled? Inspired by existing models of bounded rationality and in accord with research on the structure of social memory, we develop and test the social-circle model, a parameterized, probabilistic process account of how people make inferences about relative event frequencies. The model extends to social sampling the idea that cognitive search is both structured and limited; moreover, it captures individual differences in the order in which sections of the sampling space are probed, in difference thresholds, and in response error. Using a hierarchical Bayesian latent-mixture approach, we submit the model to a rigorous model comparison. In Study 1, a reanalysis of published data, the social-circle model outperformed both a model assuming exhaustive search and a simple heuristic assuming no individual differences in search or difference thresholds. Study 2 establishes the robustness of these findings in a different domain and across age groups (adults and children). We find that children also consult their social memories for inferential purposes and rely on sequential and limited search. Finally, model and parameter recovery analyses (Study 3) demonstrate the ability of the social-circle model to recover the characteristics of the cognitive processes assumed to underlie social sampling. Our analyses establish that social sampling in both children and adults follows key principles of bounded rationality. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Building Blocks of an AI Framework for an Enterprise

AI framework consists of six main layers starting with Data Integration layer. All AI applications need some kind of integration with the input data sources from enterprise applications. So, it is essential that AI framework has the capability to integrate with different data sources for seamless data exchange. This study is an overview of the building blocks of an AI Framework to deal as an analytic tool for the manager’s tussle with AI’s influence on their industries. The core of the framework is an “AI Ecosystem” where all AI, ML & NLP capabilities or “AI Assets” will reside and will have the option to pick and choose the best of the breed capabilities for building AI, ML applications. These AI capabilities can be versatile, like cognitive text processing, speech, computer vision, cognitive search, etc. Also, the framework should be able to connect to different hosting applications or channels to host AI applications or solutions. It is also advisable to have a Framework Management layer wherein features like setup & configuration, monitoring of different services, monitoring and reporting can be embedded. As security is one of the key elements of any framework, it should also be accounted for while designing a sustainable AI framework. Such a framework is going to provide flexibility and agility while building any AI solution. As AI is purely data-driven, this study intends to provide an insight into an enterprise-wise policy or data standard to designing and assembling an AI system.

Становление у младших школьников познавательных поисковых универсальных учебных действий

The article reveals methodological approaches to the formation of cognitive search universal educational actions by younger schoolchildren, which are actively used when working with information in the course of studying various subjects of primary school. Examples of assignments for fourth-grade students in mathematics are given, the purpose of which is to analyze the information presented in graphical form. The results of the activity of fourth-graders are characterized, the difficulties that arise in them in the process of completing tasks are assessed.

Overcoming hierarchy in business model innovation: an actor-oriented approach

PurposeBusiness model innovation is a key element for firms' competitiveness. Its development can be supported by the establishment of an actor-oriented scheme to overcome hierarchical structures. The actor-oriented scheme is characterized by intra-organizational networks of relationships that can be established and dissolved between individuals. However, we lack an empirical perspective about its establishment; therefore, the purpose of this research is to advance our understanding of intra-organizational networks for supporting business model innovation.Design/methodology/approachIndividuals create and manage knowledge aimed to innovate the business model through cognitive search and experiential learning mechanisms. Knowledge is spread within organizations by using intra-organizational advice networks, whose patterns reflect the presence of an actor-oriented scheme. This work applies social network analysis to network data from a multi-unit organization specializing in personal care services. We use a Logistic Regression-Quadratic Assignment Procedure to analyze intra-organizational network data on managers' advice exchange related to the learning modes of cognitive search and experiential learning.FindingsOur research empirically identifies the main elements of an actor-oriented scheme in a business model innovation process. We find that managers are able to self-organize, because they are not influenced by their organizational roles, and that commons for sharing resources and protocols, processes and infrastructures enable advice exchange, thus showing the presence of an actor-oriented scheme in business model innovation process.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is based on a cross-sectional database. A longitudinal study would provide a better understanding of the network evolution characterizing the innovation process.Practical implicationsThe results of our study support organizational decision-making for business model innovation.Originality/valueThis study provides empirical evidence of how an actor-oriented scheme emerges in a business model innovation process.

Having a phone conversation delays but does not disrupt cognitive mechanisms.

Previous research has shown that talking on a mobile phone leads to impairments in a number of cognitive tasks. However, it is not yet known whether the act of conversation disrupts the underlying cognitive mechanisms (the Cognitive Disruption hypothesis) or leads to a delay in response due to a limit on central cognitive resources (the Cognitive Delay hypothesis). We investigated this here using two cognitive search tasks that investigate spatial learning and time-based selection: Contextual Cueing and Visual Marking. In Contextual Cueing, responses to repeated displays are faster than those to novel displays. In Visual Marking, participants prioritize attention to new information and deprioritize old, unimportant information (the Preview Benefit). Experiments 1 to 3 investigated whether Contextual Cueing occurred while people were engaged in a phone conversation, whereas Experiments 4 to 6 investigated whether a Preview Benefit occurred, again while people were engaged in conversation. The results showed that having a conversation did not interfere with the mechanisms underlying spatial learning or time-based selection. However, in all experiments there was a significant increase in response times. The results are consistent with a Cognitive Delay account explaining the dual-task cost of having a phone conversation on concurrent cognitive tasks. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Структура автоматизованої системи управління інформаційною стійкістю наземної оглядової радіолокаційної станції в умовах активних завад

Надано інформаційний опис структури системи управління для пошуку і реалізації на різних рівнях та етапах управління закону управління інформаційною стійкістю режимів зондування РЛС при загрозах і впливах активних завад прикриття і самоприкриття, який узагальнює результати комплексного аналізу впливу на її побудову ряду системо утворюючих чинників. При цьому реалізується повна функція ситуаційного управління із застосуванням різних форм управління для когнітивного пошуку обґрунтованого і оперативного управлінського рішення з урахуванням поставлених цілей і ресурсних обмежень. Вона передбачає цілеспрямоване проведення на вході і виході режимів зондування кожної проблемної області аналіз і прогноз розвитку станів і динамік складових і в цілому конфліктної ситуації, а також умов прийняття рішень. Розглянута багатоконтурна структура управління дозволяє раціонально використовувати ресурсні можливості РЛС щодо забезпечення завадозахищеності її режимів зондування проблемних областей зони огляду і компонент їх систем управління з урахуванням традиційних і нових інформаційних загроз стратегії РЕП.

Disruptive information exchange requirements in construction projects: perception and response patterns

ABSTRACT The current proliferation of custom information exchange initiatives in projects disrupts information exchange routines of design and construction firms. This paper investigates how firms perceive, interpret, and act upon information exchange requirements that do not align with their existing routines. This case study examines a construction project for which the owner specified highly custom requirements for digital production and delivery of project submittals. Using ethnographic methods, the project parties’ existing routines and their patterns of perceiving and responding to the requirements were identified. These patterns showed that the parties perceived disruptions to the existing dispositions and rules that guided their routines and shaped their performance across projects. The project parties used a combination of deductive, inductive, and abductive reasoning mechanisms to interpret the requirements, expose the inefficiencies associated with their workflows, and set new ground rules for action. The grounded propositions in this study hold that the limited opportunities for inductive reasoning and reflective assessment of workflows in projects can press project parties into identifying alternative workflows through cognitive search and abductive reasoning. This, in turn, results in highly situated, temporary, and fragmented workflows that are not durable and effective to contribute to refinement of existing information exchange routines.

Entrotaxis-Jump as a hybrid search algorithm for seeking an unknown emission source in a large-scale area with road network constraint

In a sudden hazardous material leakage accident, the rapid and accurate localization of the leakage source can effectively reduce casualties and property losses. Utilizing the sensible robot to seek an unknown emission source has become a promising field, while most researches in this field fail to consider some intractable but practical factors, such as the large spatial scale of some search domains and the road network (that can obstruct robot’s maneuver). This paper proposes an efficient search algorithm, named as Entrotaxis-Jump, to seek an unknown emission source and obtain other source terms (e.g., source strength) in a large-scale (>0.1 km2) practical scene with road network constraints, such as a chemical cluster. The hybrid algorithm incorporates the Entrotaxis algorithm (a kind of cognitive search algorithm) with the intermittent search strategy, so it can utilize the triggering jump motion to alleviate the negative factors for search (road network constraints, expansive search domain, and turbulence effect). We select a chemical cluster in Shanghai, China as the typical research area and conduct a series of simulations in it to compare the performance of the Entrotaxis with the Entrotaxis-Jump under various release strength Q and wind speed V. The performance is reflected by the success rate (SR) and mean search time (MST), and we propose a skill score S to consider the two indexes synthetically. The results denote that the Entrotaxis-Jump outperforms Entrotaxis in all of our simulated scenarios, especially when the wind speed V > 2, in which case the SR of Entrotaxis drops sharply while the SR of the Entrotaxis-Jump witnesses a little decline but remains over 90%. The Entrotaxis-Jump algorithm proposed in this paper considers more practical factors, compared to previous researches, and is suitable and robust to utilize in real scenarios.

Adaptive learning in international business

Building on Daniel Levinthal’s seminal theories on learning, adaptation, and innovation, this article elucidates an adaptive view of organizational learning undertaken by multinational enterprises (MNEs). Levinthal’s perspectives have tremendous implications for theorizing and examining processes, pathways, and mechanisms of dynamic learning for MNEs competing in a complex environment. This article extends these perspectives, considering unique organizational traits and environmental characteristics facing MNEs for a more nuanced understanding of contexts in which adaptive learning creates global competitive advantage. Discussion also includes Levinthal’s perspectives that are not yet adequately extended to, but valuable for, IB research, such as learning mindfulness, cognitive search, organizational architecture for adaptation, and co-evolution with technological change. We offer additional research questions as well as possible solutions to adaptive learning for international business.

Knowledge Representation Models and Cognitive Search Support Tools

Abstract The purpose of the work is to develop a cognitive-process-oriented model of data search, as well as tools of human interaction in according to this model. Cognitive search is considered as process of formation of ontology of the subject area (of target object) as a system of three systems (functional, conceptual and terminological). Accordingly, the results and trajectory of information retrieval are a reflection and component of the process of cognition. In order to reduce the dimension of the graph (to perception possibilities) aspect projections operation based on the taxonomy of relationships and entities is used.

Efficient top representative for multi-authorship encrypted cloud data to assist cognitive search

Cloud computing is gaining ground in the digital and business world. It delivers storage service for user access using Internet as a medium. Besides the numerous benefits of cloud services, migrating to public cloud storage leads to security and privacy concerns. Encryption method protects data privacy and confidentiality. However, encrypted data stored in cloud storage reduces the flexibility in processing data. Therefore, the development of new technologies to search top representatives from encrypted public storage is the current requirement. This paper presents a similarity-based keyword search for multi-author encrypted documents. The proposed Authorship Attribute-Based Ranked Keyword Search (AARKS) encrypts documents using user attributes, and returns ranked results to authorized users. The scheme assigns weight to index vectors by finding the dominant keywords of the specific authority document collection. Search using the proposed indexing prunes away branches and processes only fewer nodes. Re-weighting documents using the relevant feedback also improves user experience. The proposed scheme ensures the privacy and confidentiality of data supporting the cognitive search for encrypted cloud data. Experiments are performed using the Enron dataset and simulated using a set of queries. The precision obtained for the proposed ranked retrieval is 0.7262. Furthermore, information leakage to a cloud server is prevented, thereby proving its suitability for public storage.

Особливості трактування ідеї свободи в релігійно-конфесійній літературі

The article attempts to consider the process of formation and evolution of views on the idea of freedom in christian religious and confessional literature. Special attention is paid to the interpretation of this value in the early stages of Christianity. The article emphasizes the importance of the Bible in formulating and justifying the specifics of the presence of freedom in people’s lives, values and evolutions of basic propositions regarding the role and place of this concept in the history of christianity. The main approaches to the interpretation of freedom in the Old and New Testaments are highlighted. The article reveals the peculiarities of understanding this formation by a number of prominent representatives of medieval and modern thought. The subject of the study in the article is the idea of freedom in the context of Christian theological thought. The material for the author’s understanding was the most important, significant religious texts, which formulate key provisions of the Christian understanding of the idea of freedom. The analysis of the works of Christian thinkers suggests that each of them made more or less significant attempts to understand the place and role of the idea of freedom in Christian creed and human life. At the same time, the very idea of freedom does not appear in them as a separate subject of cognitive search, but as an aspect, part, side of a complex set of issues and problems of the functioning of religion and the church. It is justified that: The fathers of the Church and the first Christian authors were actually engaged in the actualization of the idea of freedom in the Christian creed, adapting it to the Christian world understanding. For example, Bible scholars focused on the Bible’s understanding of freedom, which in one way or another manifests itself in the Bible in various places, but requires coordination with the given directions of Bible studies. Theologians understood the idea of freedom and formulated it depending on the doctrinal beliefs that they adhered to. Religious philosophers made attempts to expand their own version of understanding the idea of freedom, adding to the Christian understanding of it one or another segment of meanings, important, in their opinion, overlooked by traditional doctrines. With the strengthening of the status of Christianity, more and more works appeared in the world that are devoted to special studies of the idea of freedom. Philosophers of various eras and schools were engaged in understanding the idea of freedom and its actualization depending on their own ideas and the needs of the era.

External knowledge search paths in open innovation processes of small and medium enterprises

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to advance knowledge by exploring how small and medium enterprises (SMEs) search for external knowledge in their open innovation processes, and how the search can be advanced.Design/methodology/approachThis exploratory research employs a qualitative multiple case study design. A literature review of open innovation in SMEs and external knowledge search is used to build the premises of this study. Semi-structured interviews with eight SMEs are employed to collect subsequent exploratory empirical data.FindingsThis exploratory study revealed that SMEs adopted a combination of cognitive and experiential search heuristics where cognitive search was practiced during the innovation research process when searching for external knowledge, whilst experiential search was practiced during the innovation development process. Concerning the search space, this study found that SMEs mainly explored local knowledge, and occasionally pursued distant knowledge when confronted with complex problems. The reason for the above behavior was explained to be related to the reduction of costs and risks associated with innovation activities.Originality/valueExternal knowledge plays a pivotal role in open innovation. Although extant studies have shed some light on how large firms search for external knowledge, however, it is not clear how SMEs search for external knowledge. Moreover, this study focuses on learning about both the search space and the search heuristics at both the research and the development stages of the innovation process.

Dynamics of Awake Hippocampal-Prefrontal Replay for Spatial Learning and Memory-Guided Decision Making

Spatial learning requires remembering and choosing paths to goals. Hippocampal place cells replay spatial paths during immobility in reverse and forward order, offering a potential mechanism. However, how replay supports both goal-directed learning and memory-guided decision making is unclear. We therefore continuously tracked awake replay in the same hippocampal-prefrontal ensembles throughout learning of a spatial alternation task. We found that, during pauses between behavioral trajectories, reverse and forward hippocampal replay supports an internal cognitive search of available past and future possibilities and exhibits opposing learning gradients for prediction of past and future behavioral paths, respectively. Coordinated hippocampal-prefrontal replay distinguished correct past and future paths from alternative choices, suggesting a role in recall of past paths to guide planning of future decisions for spatial working memory. Our findings reveal a learning shift from hippocampal reverse-replay-based retrospective evaluation to forward-replay-based prospective planning, with prefrontal readout of memory-guided paths for learning and decision making.

Experience maketh the mind? Top management teams’ experiential background and cognitive search for adaptive solutions

AbstractThe adaptive strategies of firms depend on executives’ forward-looking cognitive search. We examine how cognitive search is affected by the formative experiences of the executives making up a firm’s top management team (TMT). Drawing on research on adaptive search, cognition, and the upper echelons, we examine the extent to which educational level, diversity of functional expertise, and the length of industry tenure of TMT members will be associated with whether cognitive search centers more on proximal or on distal solutions. Analysis of 10 years of panel-data from US companies shows that whereas a TMT’s educational level does not seem to affect cognitive search, diversity of functional expertise does so, as predicted, and industry tenure does so in a manner we had not fully anticipated. Additional analysis also shows that whether cognitive search is proximal or distal is associated with whether firms enter into related or unrelated new product-markets. The article discusses the implications of these findings.