Cognitive Reactions Research Articles

Dynamics of changes in the psychosocial characteristics of online media consumers under the influence of official information and rumors about COVID-19

The purpose of this study is to study changes in the psychosocial characteristics of network users who spread online rumors on during the pandemic COVID–19. Special attention is paid to the psychological reaction of consumers to reports of pandemic in the context of infodemiс. The subject is the peculiarities of the dissemination and perception of official information and rumors about the pandemic in network media. The object is information about the pandemic on two Chinese network platforms that posts with label "rumors". The research methods were Internet monitoring and statistical analysis. The entire early stage of pandemic is included in the research period (from January to March 2020). The author's special contribution is the analysis of the impact of social networks on the psychological state of consumers and the formation of public consciousness in the context of an infodemiс generated by mass and contradictory information COVID-19. The main conclusions are the need to take into account changes in the mental states of the audience and communicative behavior in information activities, depending on the stage of attitude to the event, pragmatic motives and social interaction. Different requirements should be imposed on the information disseminated at different stages, taking into account the psychological state of the audience, also the existence of various languages of consciousness used by an individual in cognitive and emotional manifestations. Government departments can appropriately publish, clarify and disclose reliable and useful information in a timely manner to prevent the spread of rumors. The scientific novelty consists in analyzing the cognitive and emotional reactions of the mass audience to the flow of information about COVID-10 in all periods, deepening media experts' understanding of the relationship between the behavior of users and the spread of disinformation, determining approaches to developing strategies to combat rumors on the Internet.

Daily-level associations between posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and reactions to retrieving positive autobiographical memories

Trauma survivors with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) report difficulties accessing and describing positive memories. To understand these patterns, we examined daily-level relations of PTSD symptoms with affective, cognitive (dwelling/rumination; pushing memory out of one’s mind; suppression; avoidance; distraction; thinking about something else; remembering negative or positive memories/events; negative or positive thoughts; accepting or disapproving memory; reinterpreting memory), and behavioral (using alcohol/drugs; smoking cigarettes; cravings for or seeking out cigarettes/alcohol/drugs; craving, seeking out, or consuming large amounts of food; dissociation; engaging in risky behaviors; sharing memories; interference with ongoing task; arousal) reactions to retrieving positive memories. Eighty-eight trauma survivors (Mage= 39.89 years; 59.1% female) completed 7 daily measures of PTSD and reactions to retrieving positive memories. Days with more PTSD severity were associated with higher odds of same-day suppression, avoidance, distraction, thinking about something else, smoking cigarettes, craving substances, craving, seeking out, or consuming large amounts of food, dissociation, remembering negative memories/events/thoughts, engaging in risky behaviors, interference with ongoing tasks, and arousal (ORs=1.10–1.22); and greater negative affect (β = 0.27). Supplemental lagged analyses indicated some associations between previous-day reactions to positive memory retrieval and next-day PTSD severity and vice versa. Trauma survivors with PTSD symptoms report negative and avoidance-oriented reactions to retrieving positive memories.

From risk communication about asymptomatic atherosclerosis to cognitive and emotional reactions and lifestyle modification

BackgroundNon-adherence in the general population to preventive guidelines on cardiovascular disease calls for an interdisciplinary approach acknowledging psychological factors of relevance for risk communication and lifestyle modification. Evidence is building up regarding the advantage of sharing arterial imaging evidence of subclinical atherosclerosis with asymptomatic individuals, but there is limited understanding of how this relates to mechanisms of importance for behavioural change. Longitudinal studies on associations between patients’ reactions and lifestyle modification are missing. The population-based randomized controlled trial VIPVIZA investigates the impact of pictorial information about subclinical atherosclerosis, added to traditional risk factor-based communication. The intervention includes a personalized, colour-coded and age-related risk communication strategy and a motivational conversation, and has been shown to reduce cardiovascular disease risk.MethodsIn the present study we assessed cognitive and emotional reactions to the intervention, and how these reactions are associated to lifestyle modification. The participants’ evaluation of the risk communication was assessed in the intervention group (n = 1749). Lifestyle modification was assessed with a lifestyle index based on physical activity, diet, smoking and alcohol consumption at baseline and after 3 years. Associations between cognitive and emotional response and lifestyle modification were tested with analyses of covariance in a subset of participants (n = 714–857).ResultsThe intervention increased understanding of personal CVD risk, the possibility to influence the risk, and how to influence the risk. Severity of atherosclerosis was associated with emotional reactions, but emotions of strong negative valence were uncommon. Cognitive response and emotional arousal evoked by the intervention were positively associated with lifestyle modification, whereas negative emotions in isolation were not. High level of cognitive response in combination with high level of emotional arousal was found to be most beneficial for lifestyle modification.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate the potential of communicating asymptomatic atherosclerosis with a pictorial, colour-coded and age-related strategy, also including a motivational conversation. Furthermore, the results show the importance of CVD risk communication evoking engagement, and that an interaction between cognitive and emotional reactions might be central for sustained lifestyle modification. Our results also indicate that, in an asymptomatic population, atherosclerosis screening may strengthen disease prevention and health promotion.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01849575. Registration date 08/05/2013.

Effects of Attractiveness and Occupation Type on Attitudes toward Working Women and Men

Extending previous research, we analyzed across two preregistered studies (N = 761) the differences in cognitive evaluations, emotional reactions, and behavioral intentions depending on the physical attractiveness (low vs. high) of a potential coworker (woman or men), which applies for a gender-neutral job (Study 1) or a male-typed occupation (Study 2). Studies 1 and 2 showed that attractiveness mainly influenced participants’ attitudes toward female candidates. Pooled analyses confirmed that women’s evaluations at work depended on their physical attractiveness as participants showed less positive attitudes toward less attractive women versus highly attractive women. Occupation also affected the evaluations of competence of women: they were considered more competent when applying for a computer science occupation than for an administrative occupation.

ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ РУКОВОДСТВА И СОТРУДНИКОВ К ПЛАНИРУЕМЫМ ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННЫМ ПЕРЕНМЕНАМ В МИНИСТЕРСТВЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ШТАТА ДЕЛЬТА, АСАБА, НИГЕРИЯ

This study examines the influence of change leadership on employee support for an intentional organizational change in the Delta State Ministry of Education Asaba, Nigeria. The study employed a cross-sectional research methodology and a self-administered Likert-type questionnaire. Data for the study were obtained from employees who were undergoing through significant upheaval. The data collected was evaluated using structural equation model. The study found that essential change leadership qualities including communication and involvement aid in building employee support for change initiatives. The cognitive and behavioral reactions of the employees to the planned change was influenced by change leadership. Employees' cognitive assessments of and emotional reactions to the planned change event served as a mediating factor in the relationship between change leadership and behavioral intentions to support the planned change. When assessing planned organizational transformation efforts, leaders frequently pay more attention to how employees respond to the change than to the causes of those reactions. The significance of addressing employee attitudes as the first step toward desired change activities was emphasized by this study. This study adopted a multidimensional approach to attitudes and examined their hierarchy of impacts in order to more accurately describe the influence of change leadership on employee support for change. The study makes a number of suggestions, one of which is that leaders should boost employee morale prior to initiating change projects in order to increase the likelihood of success. In a world of rapid change and cultivation of adaptable mindsets, change leadership is essential.

Perceptual Dysfunction in Eating Disorders.

Eating disorders (EDs) are characterized by abnormal responses to food and weight-related stimuli and are associated with significant distress, impairment, and poor outcomes. Because many of the cardinal symptoms of EDs involve disturbances in perception of one's body or abnormal affective or cognitive reactions to food intake and how that affects one's size, there has been longstanding interest in characterizing alterations in sensory perception among differing ED diagnostic groups. Within the current review, we aimed to critically assess the existing research on exteroceptive and interoceptive perception and how sensory perception may influence ED behavior. Overall, existing research is most consistent regarding alterations in taste, visual, tactile, and gastric-specific interoceptive processing in EDs, with emerging work indicating elevated respiratory and cardiovascular sensitivity. However, this work is far from conclusive, with most studies unable to speak to the precise etiology of observed perceptual differences in these domains and disentangle these effects from affective and cognitive processes observed within EDs. Further, existing knowledge regarding perceptual disturbances in EDs is limited by heterogeneity in methodology, lack of multimodal assessment protocols, and inconsistent attention to different ED diagnoses. We propose several new avenues for improving neurobiology-informed research on sensory processing to generate actionable knowledge that can inform the development of innovative interventions for these serious disorders.

Media image of the environmentally vulnerable territory: eye-tracking analysis of the impact of the environmental media agenda on youth audiences

Issues of the environmental media agenda are acute in the media space and particularly relevant for the image of environmentally vulnerable territories. The impact of the environmental agenda on youth audiences of these territories is poorly studied, which actualizes the research topic. The purpose of the work is to study the impact of the environmental agenda on the image of the environmentally vulnerable region and youth audiences using eye-tracking technologies aimed at measuring the audience’s unconscious reactions. It is the first time when the topic is studied theoretically and empirically from the standpoint of a cognitive approach and the use of eye-tracking technologies aimed at analyzing the audience’s cognitive and affective reactions to the environmental agenda. It is established that messages of negative content, such as air pollution, waste management, and pollution of water bodies, predominate (74%) among the selected issues of the environmental agenda. These data are consistent with the results of eye-tracking studies, which show that the patterns of the audience attention are concentrated on these issues and a negative attitude is formed towards the territory image. The results obtained will make it possible to adjust the media ecovoice to neutralize conflictogenicity.

Barriers to cervical cancer screening faced by immigrant Muslim women: a systematic scoping review

BackgroundUptake for cervical cancer screening (CCS) is extremely low among immigrant women, particularly Muslim women, because of barriers related to religious values, beliefs, and fatalism. This scoping review aimed to summarize and analyze the findings of previous studies regarding perceived barriers to CCS among Muslim immigrant women.MethodsA search of electronic databases of peer-reviewed articles, including MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed, and Scopus was conducted. The following criteria were used for the selection of the articles: (a) the study population consisted of immigrant Muslim women, (b) CCS barriers were the main focus of the study, (c) the articles were original research articles, (d) the research was conducted within the last 10 years, and (d) the study was reported in English language.ResultsBarriers included sociodemographic factors, economic, language, cognitive, and emotional reactions. The healthcare system was classified as a community barrier, whereas culture and religion were categorized as social barriers. Beliefs that becoming ill and dying is the will of Allah and that health problems are a punishment from God were considered to be major barriers to CCS among immigrant Muslim women.ConclusionAccess to health service centers and CCS among Muslim immigrant women is challenging. Information dissemination by health care workers is needed to increase awareness of CCS and access to CCS service points among immigrant Muslim women. Physician recommendations to attend CCS also play an important role.

Concept Analysis of Pain Anxiety Using Rodgers’ Evolutionary Method

Background: Knowledge of the concept of pain anxiety is necessary to provide better services in the care of patients suffering from various types of pain. Therefore, the aim of this study was to precept and learn more about the concept of pain anxiety. Methods: This study was analyzed using Rogers’ evolutionary concept analysis approach for articles published from 1975 to 2023. Valid databases, including Google Scholar, CINAHL, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and ProQuest, were used to search for sources. Articles or sources published in the field of nursing and medicine were included in the study, and the existing articles were sorted according to the year of publication to determine the changes in the concept over time. The text of each article was re-read, and related phrases were identified based on their appropriateness, and finally, a new definition of pain anxiety was explained. Results: Pain anxiety indicates cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and physiological reactions to the anticipation and experience of pain, which refers to future fears and concerns about pain. This type of anxiety appears with different words and phrases that represent fear, worry, discomfort, panic, and anger. The antecedents of pain anxiety include chronic pain, procedures such as dressing changes, and injuries such as fractures and burns. The consequences of this concept include physical and psychological problems, such as worsening pain. The word "pain-related fear" can be utilized as an alternative concept. To provide an example of pain anxiety, we can refer to a patient who has no history of surgery, and after performing the first debridement and dressing, avoids debridement and changing the dressing in the following days. Conclusion: This analysis provides a dynamic definition of pain anxiety that may be useful to promote interaction and enhance understanding of concepts.

A theoretical model test of emotional and cognitive reactions to sexual trauma

A theoretical model test of emotional and cognitive reactions to sexual trauma

Consumer well‐being—A systematic literature review and research agenda usingTCCMframework

AbstractConsumer well‐being (CWB) refers to the cognitive and emotional reactions of consumers in response to their consumption experiences. It encompasses three elements: consumer satisfaction, positive emotions and perceived quality of life. In the past few years, there has been significant research growth in the field of CWB. However, a lack of effort is observed in reviewing this emerging and evolving field of research. This review utilises the Theory–Context–Construct–Methods (TCCM) framework given by Paul and Rosado‐Serrano (2019) (International Marketing Review,36(6), 830–858), to delve into the prominent theories, contexts (i.e., countries and industries), characteristics (major factors and variables) and methods (i.e., research designs and analysis) used in CWB research spanning over the past 24 years (1998–2022). Through a systematic analysis and synthesis of 142 articles, an overview of this research field is provided, establishing a path for future agenda within the TCCM framework. This review reveals a prevalence of single‐theory approaches, with studies primarily focusing on theories such as the self‐determination theory and the attribution theory. Furthermore, CWB research demonstrates a stronger inclination towards examining the services industry context compared to other industries covered in the literature. Additionally, the review emphasises the need for further research on countries with emerging economies. Detailed future research directions are presented.

Enhancing Individual Positive Reaction to Organizational Change Through Transformational Leadership and Change Agent’s Credibility

Research aims: This study aims to analyze the effect of transformational leadership and the credibility of change agents on the positive reactions of individuals. Reactions are not dichotomized into forms of support and resistance but are analyzed using a three-dimensional attitude approach: cognitive, emotional, and intentional.Design/Methodology/Approach: The population of this research was civil servants at BPS-Statistics in Central Java Province, consisting of 35 regencies/municipalities. Simple random sampling was used to sample the population; there were 304 respondents. The data were then collected by self-enumeration with an online questionnaire and analyzed with Structural Equation Modeling—Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS).Research findings: Based on statistical results, the six hypotheses proposed demonstrated a significant positive effect on all relationships between variables. Transformational leadership and change agents' credibility positively correlated with the individual positive reactions, i.e., cognitive, emotional, and intentional reactions. Theoretical Contribution/Originality: In the theory of force fields, Kurt Lewin states that the success of organizational change can be achieved by increasing the forces that drive change. This strength can be sourced from the positive reactions of individuals in the organization, where these reactions are along the cognitive, emotional, and intentional dimensions. Understanding individual reactions through the tripartite concept provides clearer information about individual reactions to change.Practitioners/Policy Implications: By applying a transformational leadership style, positive reactions to organizational change can be comprehensively enhanced in three dimensions, i.e., cognitive, emotional, and intentional. In addition, the change agent appointed to facilitate change must also have credibility.Research Limitations/Implications: This study only analyzed the relationship between the antecedent variables and the positive reactions of individuals without considering the negative reactions. Hence, the influence of reaction ambivalence on an individual's reaction to change can also be explored in future studies.

The power of synergy in discourse: Exploring persuasive language in English mass media

Contemporary English-language media discourse exerts a powerful influence over public opinion and attitudes, necessitating an exploration into the nuanced mechanisms of persuasive communication. This study examines the concept of synergistic pragmatic effects, focusing on how the combination of diverse language structures influences the efficacy of persuasive verbal interaction. Using a corpus of British and American newspaper articles and opinion essays, this research adopts a robust functional-linguistic approach. It applies both qualitative and quantitative analyses to dissect language techniques such as metaphor, irony, humor, emotionally charged lexemes, hyperbole, interdiscursive references, and rhetorical questions. The findings highlight the transformative power of expertly utilized synergies in achieving communicative goals and refining message interpretation. The interaction of varied language structures provokes particular cognitive and emotional reactions in audiences, shaping their perception of the presented information. This insight is crucial for discourse producers aiming to resonate with their target audience. Additionally, a heightened awareness of these synergies can make recipients less vulnerable to subtle speech manipulation. The practical implications of this research are most salient in the domain of teaching English as a foreign language for cross-cultural professional communication. By melding elements of functional-linguistic analysis, critical thinking, media literacy, and language proficiency, learners can better identify and counteract speech manipulation in media texts. This study augments the current literature on language's role in media communication, underscoring the need for continued research into the interplay between language, discourse, and persuasion in media.

Effect of Self-Hypnosis on Test Anxiety among Secondary School Students in Malaysia

ABSTRACT Test anxiety comprises cognitive, physiological, and behavioral reactions due to anxiety about failure or a lower academic performance score on an exam or evaluation. This study examined the effect of self-hypnosis on reducing test anxiety among upper secondary school students using a quantitative methodology with a pre-experimental design. The prevalence of test anxiety was measured using the Friedben Test Anxiety Scale (FTAS) and students’ demographic data were collected. Twenty-two 16-year-old students with moderate to high test anxiety were selected for a self-hypnosis intervention over a period of 5 weeks. The FTAS questionnaire was administered 4 times: at baseline, 3rd week, 5th week, and at follow-up (3 weeks after the intervention). Students’ test anxiety differences were statistically significant across 4 time points. Self-hypnosis intervention decreased students’ overall test anxiety scores and in the 3 constructs: social, cognitive, and tenseness. The outcomes indicate that self-hypnosis training can help students cope with test anxiety and should be further explored for managing test anxiety in school settings.

The Role of Regulatory Focus in Cognitive and Performance Reactions to Negative Workplace Gossip

The Role of Regulatory Focus in Cognitive and Performance Reactions to Negative Workplace Gossip

Psychological outcomes of the systematic interventions based on the stress-induced situation, affective, bodily, and cognitive reactions framework for patients with lung cancer: A randomized clinical trial

BackgroundPsychological distress is a multi-factorial unpleasant experience of a psychological, social, spiritual, and/or physical nature that may interfere with one's ability to cope effectively with cancer, physical symptoms and treatment. Psychological distress is common and affects the prognosis of cancer patients. Lung cancer accounted for 11.4 % of all new cancer cases and 18 % of all cancer mortality for 36 cancers in 185 countries. The prevalence of distress among Chinese lung cancer patients ranged from 10.1 % to 61.29 %. However, the existing intervention studies on the psychological distress in lung cancer patients are limited and intervention results may be different. ObjectivesTo explore the psychological outcomes of a nurse-led systematic intervention program based on the stress-induced situation, affective, bodily, and cognitive reactions framework for patients with lung cancer undergoing operation at anxiety and depression. DesignA randomized clinical trial. SettingThoracic surgery ward in a tertiary hospital in China. ParticipantsLung cancer patients undergoing surgery. MethodsThis is a 12-month longitudinal randomized controlled study in a tertiary hospital in China. A total of 240 lung cancer patients were randomly divided into either the control group or the intervention group. The nurse-led systematic intervention contents include psychological education, intervention measures based on the stress-induced situation, affective, bodily, and cognitive reactions framework, issuance of daily lifestyle cards, and regular follow-ups. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy—Fatigue Scale, and Satisfaction with Life Scale were used for the baseline assessment within 48 h upon admission. The same assessment was performed respectively at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the intervention started. The effects of the systematic interventions on depression, anxiety, fatigue, and life satisfaction were tested by a linear mixed effects model. ResultsOverall time-by-group interaction effects were significantly different with regard to anxiety, depression, and fatigue after controlling for the covariates, while a significant time-by-group interaction effect was not found for life satisfaction. Changes for anxiety and depression scores at 6 and 12 months after initiation of the intervention were significantly greater in the intervention group compared with those in the control group (t = 3.046, p = 0.002, t = 3.190, p = 0.001; t = 3.735, p = 0.000, t = 2.979, p = 0.002), whereas scores for fatigue were significantly higher in the intervention group at 6 and 12 months (t = −3.096, p = 0.002, t = −2.784, p = 0.005). ConclusionThe systematic intervention program based on the stress-induced situation, affective, bodily, and cognitive reactions framework may effectively relieve anxiety, depression, and fatigue in lung cancer patients undergoing surgery. RegistrationThis study was registered on December 22, 2019 with the registration number ChiCTR1900028487, and the date of first recruitment was Jan 5, 2020.

Robots onboard? Investigating what individual predispositions and attitudes influence the reactions of museums’ employees towards the adoption of social robots

ABSTRACT The digital transformation is affecting museums. New technologies such as applications, beacons, QR codes, virtual guides, holograms, touchscreens, and augmented reality are commonly adopted. Although much research was conducted on how visitors perceived the adoption of new technologies by museums, little is known about the reaction of the staff. Individual predispositions such as resistance to change, AI anxiety, and attitudes towards robots were used as the independent variables. This paper presents the research conducted on 220 museum employees. The results suggest that museum staff react to the decision on the adoption of social robots cognitively, emotionally, and behaviourally. Negative cognitive reactions are elicited by earlier negative attitudes towards interactions with robots. Negative emotional reactions are associated with earlier negative attitudes towards interactions with robots and the fear of being replaced. Ultimately, behavioural reactions are elicited by all of the above along with the anxiety of learning new technological skills.

Content and construct validity of the European Portuguese A-19 Scale of Children’s Attitudes

Stuttering is a multidimensional neurodevelopmental disorder that comprises primary and secondary behaviors but also feelings and attitudes. These ones have a huge importance in the overall characterization and impact of stuttering. This research aims to: 1) guarantee the adaptation and content validation of the assessment instrument A-19 to European Portuguese, and 2) analyze A-19 construct validity through a pilot study. Across-sectional , quantitative and qualitative study was developed to ensure the adaptation and content validation of A-19. The achievement of semantic, conceptual, experiential and idiomatic equivalences was only possible after the experts’ debate of several items concerning meaning, concept and cultural experience.The final Portuguese version of A-19 was used in a pilot study in which 42 children participated (21 children who stutter and 21 children who do not stutter). The group of school-age children who stutter presented a higher A-19 mean (6.29) in comparison with children who do not stutter (5.48), although the difference was not statistically significant. The Portuguese Version of A19 identifies the differences in feelings and attitudes between school age children who do and who do not stutter. The fact that this sample of children who stutter is already attending speech and language therapy sessions in which emotional, behavioural and cognitive reactions are explored, may have contributed to a non-significative difference in A-19 scores. The content and construct validity of A-19 European Portuguese Version is assured, as so this is a valid instrument to assess feelings and attitudes of school age children who stutter.

Obstetric outcome and emotional reactions to childbirth in women with dyspareunia: A cross-sectional study

ObjectiveTo assess obstetrical outcomes, perceptions of childbirth experience and emotional adjustment, in women with dyspareunia. Study designIn this cross-sectional study, 440 women were recruited within 48 h postpartum in the maternity ward of a large medical center, during the period of April 2018- August 2020. Self-report questionnaires were administered which addressed demographic and reproductive background, dyspareunia, perceptions of control during labor (Labor Agentry Scale), perceived professional support (Intrapartum Care Scale), and maternal adjustment, implicated in perinatal dissociation (Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire), acute stress disorder (ASD) symptoms (Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire), bonding (Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale), anticipated maternal self-efficacy (Maternal Self-Efficacy Scale) and well-being (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale). Obstetrical information was retrieved from clinical files and included pregnancy complications, week and mode of delivery, nature of labor onset, analgesia during delivery, birthweight, perineal tears. ResultsThe dyspareunia group included 71 women (18.3%) and the comparison group 317 (81.7%). Demographic data were similar among groups. No difference was observed in nature of labor onset, type of analgesia, route of delivery, perineal tears. More participants with dyspareunia had premature delivery versus comparisons (14.1% vs 5.6%, p = 0.02). Women with dyspareunia reported lower levels of control (p = 0.01) and perceived support during childbirth (p < 0.001), higher levels of perinatal dissociation (p < 0.001) ASD symptoms (p < 0.001), depression (p = 0.02), negative affect (p < 0.001), and reported lower levels of maternal bonding (p < 0.001) and anticipated maternal self-efficacy (p = 0.01). ConclusionDyspareunia was associated with more premature deliveries, parameters of emotional distress during childbirth and poorer maternal adjustment following childbirth. Perinatal caregivers should be cognizant of such cognitive and emotional reactions in women with dyspareunia, so as to assess for a history of dyspareunia in pregnant women and provide adequate support during pregnancy and delivery.

Modèles de soins validés pour les patients souffrant de troubles neurologiques fonctionnels

Functional neurological disorder (FND) is a common cause of persistent and disabling neurological symptoms. Diagnostic delay may lead to no treatment, inappropriate treatment or even iatrogenic symptoms. Yet, several treatments significantly reduce physical symptoms and improve functioning in FND patients even though not all patients respond to the currently available treatments. This review aims to describe the range of evidence-based rehabilitative and/or psychological therapeutic approaches available for FND patients. The most effective treatments are multidisciplinary and coordinated; using an outpatient or inpatient setting. Building a network of FND-trained healthcare professionals around the patient is an essential aspect of optimal patient management. Indeed, a supportive environment coupled with a collaborative therapeutic relationship improves understanding of FND and appears to help patients engage in appropriate treatments. Patients need to be invested in their own care and have to understand that recovery may depend on their commitment. The conventional treatment combines psychoeducation, physical rehabilitation and psychotherapy (cognitive and behavioral therapy, hypnosis, psychodynamic interpersonal therapy). Early referral of patients to physical therapy is recommended; however, the optimal parameters of treatment, duration and intensity are unknown and seem to vary with the severity and chronicity of symptoms. The goal is to minimize self-awareness by diverting attention or by stimulating automatically generated movements with non-specific and gradual exercises. The use of compensatory technical aids should be avoided as much as possible. Psychotherapeutic management should encourage self-evaluation of cognitive distortions, emotional reactions and maladaptive behaviors while empowering the patient in managing symptoms. Symptom management can use anchoring strategies to fight against dissociation. The aim is to connect to the immediate environment and to enrich one's sensoriality. The psychological interventions should then be adapted to the individual psychopathology, cognitive style and personality functioning of each patient. There is currently no known curative pharmacological treatment for FND. The pharmacological approach rather consists of progressively discontinuing medication that was introduced by default and that could lead to undesirable side effects. Finally, neurostimulation (transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation) can be effective on motor FND.