Cognitive Patterns Research Articles

Hippocampal neurogenesis facilitates cognitive flexibility in a fear discrimination task.

Hippocampal neurogenesis, the continuous creation of new neurons in the adult brain, influences memory, regulates the expression of defensive responses to threat (fear), and cognitive processes like pattern separation and behavioral flexibility. One hypothesis proposes that neurogenesis promotes cognitive flexibility by degrading established memories and promoting relearning. Yet, empirical evidence on its role in fear discrimination tasks is scarce. In this study, male rats were initially trained to differentiate between two similar environments, one associated with a threat. Subsequently, we enhanced neurogenesis through environmental enrichment and memantine treatments. We then reversed the emotional valence of these contexts. In both cases, neurogenesis improved the rats' ability to relearn the aversive context. Interestingly, we observed increased hippocampal activity, and decreased activity in the prelimbic cortex and lateral habenula, while the infralimbic cortex remained unchanged, suggesting neurogenesis-induced plasticity changes in this brain network. Moreover, when we pharmacologically inhibited the increased neurogenesis with Methotrexate, rats struggled to relearn context discrimination, confirming the crucial role of neurogenesis in this cognitive process. Overall, our findings highlight neurogenesis's capacity to facilitate changes in fear discrimination and emphasize the involvement of a prefrontal-hippocampal-habenula mechanism in this process. This study emphasizes the intricate relationship between hippocampal neurogenesis, cognitive flexibility, and the modulation of fear-related memories.

Social exclusion evokes different psychophysiological responses in individuals high on the psychopathy facets fearless dominance and self-centered impulsivity.

Individuals with psychopathic personality traits are generally thought to have difficulties in processing and experiencing emotions. These difficulties could also translate to emotionally charged social situations such as social exclusion. Being socially excluded is often experienced as stressful and unpleasant, potentially even leading to selfish or aggressive behavior-both of which are linked to certain aspects of psychopathy. The current study investigated self-report and physiological responses to social exclusion in the cyberball paradigm in a carefully selected community sample of individuals either scoring high on primary (N = 24) or secondary psychopathy traits (N = 17). Across the sample, the cyberball paradigm decreased experiences of joy and approach motivation, increased subjective anger reports, and induced changes in heart rate. In contrast, individuals scoring high on secondary psychopathy traits (Self-Centered Impulsivity group) displayed stronger physiological reactivity during a habituation phase of prolonged social exclusion than individuals scoring high on primary psychopathy traits (Fearless Dominance group), indexed by changes in skin conductance level. Moreover, a potential mismatch between self-reported and physiological arousal seemed to be only observable in individuals with high secondary psychopathy traits. Overall, the current results suggest diverging patterns of emotional processing and regulation in a social exclusion situation when comparing well-functioning individuals with varying psychopathy traits. It seemed as if individuals high on primary psychopathy traits were insensitive to contextual social cues, while individuals high on secondary psychopathy traits were more affected by the potentially threatening social situation. Cautiously transferring the current findings to forensic samples, they support the idea of moving from a behavioral understanding of the psychopathy construct to a more clinical picture with distinct cognitive and emotional processing patterns in individuals high on either primary or secondary psychopathy traits.

The Effect of Group Counselling with Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy to Increase Grit Level: A Study on Vocational High School Students

Students’ indecision regarding their interests and their lack of persistence often lead to their careers being irrelevant to the competencies they possess. Grit, as one of the non-cognitive factors that helps a person stay persistent and focused in achieving goals, is needed to have consistency and the ability to overcome obstacles. Aiming to fill the gap in knowledge about previous studies that looked at this topic, this study’s main goal was to increase the grit levels of grade XII students at vocational schools (SMKs) through group counseling using Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT). This research looked at how MBCT-based group counseling can help students improve their mindful awareness, cognitive patterns, and ability to stay focused on their goals. This quasi-experimental study, employing one group pretest-posttest design, involved 4 grade XII students of a vocational school in Banjarbaru City who had low grit scores, measured using The Grit Scale. Statistical analysis using the paired sample t-test was applied to identify differences in scores between the two groups. The results of this study found that group counseling based on MBCT was effective in increasing grit levels in SMK students in Banjarbaru by increasing the ability of awareness and focus of students to develop new mindsets that lead to positive changes and more appropriate decision-making. With group counseling, a good psychological state will help improve one's self-quality and performance, thus creating potential vocational school graduates. To achieve these goals, vocational schools should have a program that focuses on developing learners‘ psychological aspects and teachers should be specifically trained to assist learners who have difficulties in their studies.

Investigating cognitive engagement patterns in online collaborative learning: a temporal learning analytic study

ABSTRACT Online collaborative learning (OCL) has become a common instructional strategy in higher education for developing students’ skills in collaboration, problem-solving, and critical thinking. Cognitive engagement in OCL evolves dynamically, but we do not yet fully understand which patterns of cognitive engagement are conducive to OCL and when to promote them. This study used entropy analysis, sequential pattern mining, and temporal network analysis to examine the online discourse of 44 college students who participated in three OCL tasks. Results showed that, compared with the low-performance groups, the high-performance groups exhibited patterns of continuous perspective elaboration and low-level regulation, as well as frequent shifts from perspective expression to perspective elaboration. In addition, there were differences in the longitudinal evolution patterns of cognitive engagement between the high- and low- performance groups. These findings have important implications for learning tool design and improving collaborative learning design.

An Efficient Graph Learning System for Emotion Recognition Inspired by the Cognitive Prior Graph of EEG Brain Network.

Benefiting from the high-temporal resolution of electroencephalogram (EEG), EEG-based emotion recognition has become one of the hotspots of affective computing. For EEG-based emotion recognition systems, it is crucial to utilize state-of-the-art learning strategies to automatically learn emotion-related brain cognitive patterns from emotional EEG signals, and the learned stable cognitive patterns effectively ensure the robustness of the emotion recognition system. In this work, to realize the efficient decoding of emotional EEG, we propose a graph learning system Graph Convolutional Network framework with Brain network initial inspiration and Fused attention mechanism (BF-GCN) inspired by the brain cognitive mechanism to automatically learn graph patterns from emotional EEG and improve the performance of EEG emotion recognition. In the proposed BF-GCN, three graph branches, i.e., cognition-inspired functional graph branch, data-driven graph branch, and fused common graph branch, are first elaborately designed to automatically learn emotional cognitive graph patterns from emotional EEG signals. And then, the attention mechanism is adopted to further capture the brain activation graph patterns that are related to emotion cognition to achieve an efficient representation of emotional EEG signals. Essentially, the proposed BF-CGN model is a cognition-inspired graph learning neural network model, which utilizes the spectral graph filtering theory in the automatic learning and extracting of emotional EEG graph patterns. To evaluate the performance of the BF-GCN graph learning system, we conducted subject-dependent and subject-independent experiments on two public datasets, i.e., SEED and SEED-IV. The proposed BF-GCN graph learning system has achieved 97.44% (SEED) and 89.55% (SEED-IV) in subject-dependent experiments, and the results in subject-independent experiments have achieved 92.72% (SEED) and 82.03% (SEED-IV), respectively. The state-of-the-art performance indicates that the proposed BF-GCN graph learning system has a robust performance in EEG-based emotion recognition, which provides a promising direction for affective computing.

The long-term effects of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes on growth and development: systematic review

The increasing prevalence of childhood-onset type-1 diabetes (T1D) has brought to light its multifaceted implications on growth and development. This necessitates a holistic understanding of its long-term effects on physical, neurological, metabolic, and psychosocial aspects. Thus, this study systematically reviewed the long-term effects of childhood-onset T1D on growth and development in children and adolescents. Using the PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted mainly on PubMed for studies in English, resulting in the inclusion of nine studies with a collective participant count of 24,880. These studies spanned across various geographical locations, with a predominant focus on the younger demographic, averaging around 11 years of age. The findings indicated significant associations of T1D with altered physical growth patterns, neurological and cognitive implications, metabolic outcomes, and psychosocial challenges. Notably, growth complications and cognitive patterns seemed to intertwine with T1D onset and management. Studies showed that poor glycemic control and early T1D onset, negatively impact the projected adult height of the child. Additionally, poor glycemic control implications such as diabetic ketoacidosis have a negative impact on cognitive functions. Finally, psychosocial complications of T1D and obesity, particularly in adolescent girls, highlighted the importance of parental education and perceived stress on these vulnerable children. Childhood-onset T1D has profound implications on growth and development. While effective glycemic control is beneficial to reduce these complications, a multidisciplinary approach, encompassing endocrinology, neurology, and psychology, is essential for comprehensive care and improved life quality in these children.

Exploring cognitive Landscapes: Longitudinal Dynamics of left insula gliomas using neuropsychological inquiry, fMRI, and intra-resection real time neuropsychological testing

We explored the functional outcome following awake surgery and Real-Time Neuropsychological Testing (RTNT) in the left insula. We carried out a longitudinal investigation by comparing the patients’ language profile, and, in particular, the object-naming skills and the associated fMRI network, of pre-surgery and follow-up (i.e., a few months after surgery) in a group of 23 patients harboring a left-sided low grade glioma centered to the insulo-temporal area.Tumor resection, performed while continuously monitoring patients’ performance by RNTN, was high (median = 92 %). From the neuropsychological viewpoint, almost all patients displayed preserved naming and language skills in general, both before surgery and at follow-up, when they recovered from a transient impairment recorded immediately after surgery. From the functional imaging viewpoint, the naming networks of the two assessment times were almost equivalent, with non-parametric analyses showing brain remodeling involving perilesional areas preoperatively and the contralesional, healthy, insula at follow-up.We discussed the anatomo-functional mechanisms that contributed to the preservation of the functional and cognitive pattern as observed in this longitudinal study, with a particular focus on the promising plasticity potential of the left insular area. In particular, we commented that, at least in our patient series and by applying an optimized surgical procedure, surgery in the insula was safe and generally contributed to the preservation of the language functions.

Impact of Illness Perception in Overweight and Obesity on Bio-Functional Age and Eating/Movement Behavior-A Follow-Up Study.

Despite the widespread prevalence of obesity and its potential adverse impacts on health, the majority of interventions aimed at weight loss stay ineffective. This study aimed to assess illness perception in people with overweight/obesity and its impact on bio-functional age (BFA) and cognitive patterns governing eating and movement behavior. A total of 40 subjects from the original overweight/obesity subcohort of the Bern Cohort Study 2014 (BeCS14) were included and assessed for a follow-up from 2019-11-29 to 2020-07-14. The subjects completed a validated "bio-functional status" test battery with calculation of BFA, as well as validated questionnaires for eating and movement behavior and illness perception. Participants were overall bio-functionally younger than their chronological age (mean 4.3 ± 6.9 year equivalents) but aging was more pronounced than anticipated. Mental occupation with illness cause was moderate to high with psychosocial (PS) factors being more pronounced than naturalistic (NT) factors. There was a shift from defined theory with focus clearly on PS theories to diffuse theory with consideration of both PS and NT theories. Participants with good sense of coherence (SOC) were less likely to be mentally preoccupied with illness cause (p < 0.05, rs = -0.404), especially with PS factors. PS theories on illness cause correlated with pathological eating behavior (emotional eating: p > 0.05, rs = 0.378; temptation: p < 0.01, rs = 0.486). Illness perception does affect cognitive patterns and integrating it into therapeutic management for people with obesity can enhance outcomes. Strengthening of SOC is important to decrease PS stress and achieve better subjective health, less mental preoccupation, and less dysfunctional eating behavior.

INTERFERENCE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEXEMES IN THE UKRAINIAN HUMOROUS DISCOURSE DURING THE FULL-SCALE INVASION

The article highlights the cognitive and linguistic aspects of Ukrainian humorous discourse during the full-scale Russian invasion, focusing on the process of interference of words of foreign origin. Particular attention is paid to lexemes and their reinterpretation through cognitive patterns, such as availability heuristics, negative thinking, the accessibility cascade, the friend-foe pattern, the effect of contrast and stereotypical expectations. The study reveals a variety of stylistic means of comism that are caused by the interference of words of foreign origin in humorous Ukrainian discourse. The main techniques are irony, allusion, comic innuendo, parallelism, paradox, hyperbole, baphos, gradation, metaphor, and rhetorical figures. These stylistic elements of humor play an important role in creating a comic effect and shaping a humorous statement in wartime. The determined communicative functions of Ukrainian humor fragments relate to maintaining an optimistic moral state, promoting the unanimity of the Ukrainian people in the difficult circumstances of the war, creating a negative image of the enemy, and relieving psychological stress that occurs in people during hostilities, air raids, and shelling. The sample has three American tokens, three English tokens, two German tokens, and one Turkish token, which is duplicated in two jokes. All of them are reinterpreted and receive additional meanings and connotations. Ukrainian humorous discourse during the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine is based on topics relevant to the country: political, military, cultural-historical, and social. The systematized use of borrowed words in modern jokes can be seen, and it concerns the current realities of Ukrainians. Humor itself is built on situational circumstances, military aspects, and their consequences for society. The interference of foreign-language lexemes leads to the acquisition of specific words and phrases with new and ambiguous lexical and semantic meanings. Most of the sample, which refers to the military aid of Western countries, interprets the borrowed words in a positive sense; the other part, which concerns Russian realities, gives the constructions negative comic and ironic-humorous meanings.

Unveiling the Interplay of Depression, Antidepressants, and Cognitive Patterns: A Review of Silent Schemas in Mental Health Struggles

Unveiling the Interplay of Depression, Antidepressants, and Cognitive Patterns: A Review of Silent Schemas in Mental Health Struggles

Opinion: Which animals have personality?

Human personality generally refers to coherent individuating patterns in affect, behavior, and cognition. We can only observe and measure behavior, from which we then infer personality and other psychological processes (affect, cognition, etc.). We emphasize that the study of personality always explains or summarizes patterns not only in behavior but also in these other psychological processes inferred from behavior. We thus argue that personality should be attributed only to nonhuman animals with behaviors from which we can infer a sufficiently rich set of psychological processes. The mere inference of a biological trait that explains behavioral variability, on our view, is not sufficient to count as a personality construct and should be given a different term. Methodologically, inferring personality in nonhuman animals entails challenges in characterizing ecologically valid behaviors, doing so across rich and varied environments, and collecting enough data. We suggest that studies should gradually accumulate such corpora of data on a species through well-curated shared databases. A mixture of approaches should include both top-down fit with extant human personality theories (such as the Big Five) as well as bottom-up discovery of species-specific personality dimensions. Adopting the above framework will help us to build a comparative psychology and will provide the most informative models also for understanding human personality, its evolution, and its disorders.

Chronic pain as an emergent property of a complex system and the potential roles of psychedelic therapies.

Despite research advances and urgent calls by national and global health organizations, clinical outcomes for millions of people suffering with chronic pain remain poor. We suggest bringing the lens of complexity science to this problem, conceptualizing chronic pain as an emergent property of a complex biopsychosocial system. We frame pain-related physiology, neuroscience, developmental psychology, learning, and epigenetics as components and mini-systems that interact together and with changing socioenvironmental conditions, as an overarching complex system that gives rise to the emergent phenomenon of chronic pain. We postulate that the behavior of complex systems may help to explain persistence of chronic pain despite current treatments. From this perspective, chronic pain may benefit from therapies that can be both disruptive and adaptive at higher orders within the complex system. We explore psychedelic-assisted therapies and how these may overlap with and complement mindfulness-based approaches to this end. Both mindfulness and psychedelic therapies have been shown to have transdiagnostic value, due in part to disruptive effects on rigid cognitive, emotional, and behavioral patterns as well their ability to promote neuroplasticity. Psychedelic therapies may hold unique promise for the management of chronic pain.

Postmodern Spirituality and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: An exploration of the relationship between beliefs and symptoms

This paper investigates the correlation between Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) symptoms and practices within the realm of postmodern spirituality. The purpose of the study is to explore the extent to which OCD symptoms may intersect with or resemble the practices and beliefs associated with postmodern spiritual practices, and how this connection is formed. The design of the research is a comprehensive literature review, examining a range of sources on both OCD and postmodern spirituality to identify commonalities and divergences. The literature review reveals a notable similarity between the characteristics of OCD and certain practices of postmodern spirituality. Specifically, both OCD symptoms and postmodern spiritual practices involve repetitive behaviors, intrusive thoughts, and a strong emphasis on personal rituals and subjective experiences. The obsessive-compulsive cycle of intrusive thoughts and compulsive actions parallels the repetitive rituals and beliefs in postmodern spirituality that emphasize personal transformation and the manifestation of desires. Furthermore, the individualized nature of both OCD symptoms and spiritual practices underscores a shared focus on personal meaning and control. This alignment suggests that the practices associated with postmodern spirituality may, in some cases, reflect or exacerbate the cognitive and behavioral patterns observed in OCD. The findings highlight the need for further research into the psychological impact of spiritual practices and their potential to mirror or influence obsessive-compulsive tendencies. Understanding these connections may aid in improving therapeutic interventions for OCD. Keywords: postmodern spirituality; OCD, practice, techniques, obsession, compulsion

Algorithm of conceptualization in rational-emotional-behavioral therapy by A. Ellis

The object of this research is the practical principles of rational-emotional-behavioral therapy (REBT) by A. Ellis. The subject of the research is the specifics of the formation of the conceptualization of the client within the framework of a rational-emotional-behavioral approach. The aim of this research is to develop an algorithm for compiling client conceptualization in the therapeutic direction under consideration based on the systematization of activating events, irrational beliefs, key contesting counterarguments and rational statements. The conceptualization developed in this research also allows the client to form abstract ideas about problematic areas of life, to discover common cognitive behavioral patterns ("schemes") peculiar to him, to derive abstract irrational beliefs and rational statements (a new effective philosophy) and behaviorally reinforce the latter in order to realize significant (including global) life goals and values. The methodological basis of the work is the research of the founders and representatives of rational-emotional-behavioral and cognitive psychotherapy. The main result of the conducted research is the developed REBT conceptualization, which until now was absent in rational-emotional-behavioral therapy, but is actively used in a related psychotherapeutic approach – A. Beck's cognitive therapy. The presented conceptualization and the described algorithm of its compilation contribute to eliminating the risks associated with an insufficiently systematic understanding by the client of the abstract structure of his emotional and behavioral disorders during the passage of rational-emotional-behavioral therapy, known for its deep philosophical approach to solving specific problems, mainly due to philosophical disputation of specific irrational beliefs of the client. The scientific novelty of the work also lies in the description of cognitive-behavioral patterns ("schemes") characteristic of the majority of clients suffering from affective disorders, formulated on the basis of twelve typical irrational beliefs identified by A. Ellis in 1956.

A Study on the Cultivation of Multicultural Literacy in College English Teaching Based on the Construction of Cognitive Maps

Abstract Using the CNN network model and attention mechanism, this paper completes the construction of the cognitive graph pattern layer based on Protégé programming, crawls the relevant data from the dimensions of language ability, learning ability, thinking, and cultural character of multicultural literacy in English teaching, extracts the entity-relationship of multicultural literacy in English teaching, stores it in the Neo4j corpus, and ultimately completes the construction of the cognitive graph for the cultivation of multicultural literacy in English teaching. Following simulated experiments to evaluate the algorithm’s performance, a case study was carried out to foster English multicultural literacy from the standpoint of the cognitive graph. The information demonstrates that the convolution technique and an attention mechanism work well together to increase relationship extraction efficiency. Further evidence that the cultivation of multicultural literacy in English teaching focuses on language ability, learning ability, thinking character, and cultural character in order to quickly improve students’ English multicultural literacy comes from the keywords with high word frequency in English multicultural literacy: “language ability (388, 0.899)”, “learning ability (185, 0.449)”, “thinking character” (114, 0.38), and “cultural character” (105, 0.335).

Структурування навчальних цілей у психологічній підготовці майбутніх вихователів

The article presents a view on the specific features of future preschool educators’ professional development. It actualizes the issue of the effective use of educational and professional activity resources for the formation of students’ reflective and prognostic skills, developing cognitive patterns of their future activities. The importance of student’s understanding and use of knowledge about the children’s psychological characteristics in the organization of interaction with them, their care, education, and the establishment of collaboration with children’s parents is recognized. The basis for the professional growth of future educators is considered in the context of structuring the learning objectives of studying children’s psychology, which, on the one hand, determines the scientific selection of means and methods of creating an educational environment for the child, and on the other hand, encourages the extrapolation of psychological knowledge to other educational components and the practice of teaching, upbringing and development of preschool children. The purpose of this research was to disclose the content of cognitive patterns of future preschool educators in the process of learning facts, rules and mechanisms of children’s psychological development, taking into account the system of learning objectives. According to the modern interpretation of Bloom’s taxonomy, the author of the article offers detailed information on cognitive processes and a system of relevant tasks that ensure the acquisition of factual, conceptual, procedural and metacognitive knowledge about children's psychological phenomena and their determination. The idea of a value-based attitude to the child is recognized as a key element of psychological training of future educators and a guideline in choosing its purposeful components. It is argued that a value-based attitude towards the child is an important component in the construction of a matrix of understanding the child in the dimensions of their personality formation, development of their individuality and subjectivity, while the main approaches and logic of its accumulation in students are substantiated. Keywords: idea of a value-based attitude to a child, taxonomy of learning objectives, context of interaction, patterns of cognitive activity, educational and professional activities, professional training.

Cognitive equilibrium and instability : Lyapunov stability analysis in mental health research

Mental well-being is often seen as a fragile state, akin to a tightrope walk of balance. In our paper, “Cognitive Equilibrium and Instability: Lyapunov Stability Analysis in Mental Health Research,” we explore the nuanced dance between consistency and change in the realm of cognitive function. Drawing on Lyapunov Stability principles from the study of dynamic systems, we offer new perspectives on mental health mechanics. We propose that the mind is in a state of perpetual flux, constantly adjusting to a spectrum of influences to maintain cognitive balance. Our work involves identifying these points of balance and assessing their robustness using Lyapunov Stability Analysis. We examine how various factors, such as stress, environmental changes, and biological variations, can disrupt this balance, possibly leading to states of well-being or illness. Through our models, we illuminate the evolution and path of mental health conditions. Our methodology is a synthesis of theoretical models and real-world data, including neuroimaging, clinical, and psychological evaluations. Case studies in our paper demonstrate the application of our models to conditions like anxiety, depression, and bipolar disorder, revealing the fluid nature of these ailments. This work goes on to discuss the practical implications of our findings in the clinical setting. By identifying pivotal points of potential instability, our model serves as a tool for early identification of mental health concerns, guiding the creation of specific therapeutic interventions. Additionally, our work supports a tailored approach to mental health care, appreciating the individual cognitive patterns unique to each person. Our paper contributes to the burgeoning field of computational psychiatry, blending mathematical analysis with a perspective centered on the human experience. It sets the stage for future interdisciplinary research aimed at decoding the intricacies of the human psyche.

A spectrum of cognitive-behavioral-movement disorders in adrenoleukodystrophy: A case series from a tertiary care centre in the eastern part of India.

Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is an intriguing disease with a heterogeneous clinico-radiological profile. Behavioral and cognitive impairments are often the initial and predominant manifestations, yet their patterns are frequently overlooked. This study aims to elaborate on the patterns of cognitive dysfunction, behavioral changes, and movement disorders in ALD to facilitate its earlier diagnosis. In this case series, 12 cases of ALD were assessed and evaluated for cognitive, behavioral, and movement abnormalities to identify patterns of involvement. All patients were male, with an age range of 5-46 years. 75% presented with cerebral ALD (CALD), and 25% had an adrenomyeloneuropathy phenotype. Cognitive dysfunction, behavioral changes, and seizures were observed in 75%, 66.7%, and 33.3% of ALD patients. An initial posterior to anterior pattern of progression of cognitive impairment dominated by higher-order visual dysfunction and language regression was observed in 66.7% of CALD patients, while a frontal pattern was noted in 22.2% of CALD patients. While cognitive impairment typically indicated dysfunction of occipito-parieto-temporal networks, behavioral changes predominantly suggested dysfunctional fronto-temporal-subcortical connections. A novel observation was the occurrence of tics and stereotypies in 33.3% of ALD patients. This study describes the patterns of cognitive, behavioral, and movement abnormalities in ALD and highlights the contributory role of dysfunctional white matter networks. Cognitive patterns predominantly reflect a posterior-to-anterior gradient of impairment of white matter connections, while behavioral markers indicate involvement of fronto-temporal-subcortical networks. Adding to this spectrum, the occurrence of tics and stereotypies is a unique observation in ALD.

MÜZİĞIN DÖNÜŞTÜRÜCÜ GÜCÜ: BİLİŞ, DAVRANIŞ VE DUYGULAR ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİ KEŞFETMEK

The aim of this general review is to delve into music's transforming potential and examine how it profoundly affects numerous facets of human experience, such as cognitive processes, behavioral patterns, and emotional responses. The model of this research is an interpretivist literature review. The existing literature consists of books and articles written by pioneering researchers examining the effect of music on cognition, behavior, and emotions. Four explanatory hypotheses —arousal-based effects, priming effects, the influence of emotions on action, and dominance and control—proposed for the effect of music on cognitive, behavioral, and emotional responses were reviewed. Arousal-based effects explained how music has the power to stimulate and calm people, profoundly affecting their mood and cognitive performance. According to the priming effects idea, music has the power to change a person's preparedness for particular tasks or activities by fostering the best possible mental and emotional state. The astonishing power of music to evoke and alter emotions has the potential to affect behavior and decision-making. The review's final section explored the ideas of dominance and control by looking at how music might affect people's experiences, perceptions, and overall attentiveness. Music may intensify sensory perceptions, heighten emotional involvement, and even influence how we interpret story contexts when it is combined with visual cues or immersive situations. As a whole, this review has demonstrated the transforming power of music by analyzing its impact on mental processes, behavioral routines, and emotional responses. The complex and profound connection between music and the human experience has been made clear through research into arousal-based effects, priming effects, the influence of emotions on action, and dominance and control. It is possible to unlock the power of music to enhance our lives and influence the course of society by comprehending these dynamic relationships.

PERAN ORANG TUA DALAM MEMBENTUK KEPRIBADIAN ANAK USIA 4-5 TAHUN

This journal explores the pivotal role parents play in shaping the personalities of children aged 4-5 years. Through a synthesis of recent research, it focuses on the impact of parental interactions on the development of a child's personality during this critical stage. Employing qualitative approaches, surveys involving various parents, and observations of parent-child interactions, the study aims to pinpoint specific strategies employed by parents to nurture key aspects of personality during this developmental phase. The comprehensive analysis encompasses diverse parenting methods influencing a child's cognitive patterns, behaviors, and emotional responses. Moreover, this journal underscores the significance of effective parental role modeling in fostering self-confidence, independence, and social skills in preschool-aged children. Within this effort, the correlation between the quality of parental interactions and the characteristics of a child's personality takes center stage. Additionally, the article discusses practical strategies for parents to enhance emotional bonds, support positive development, and establish a robust foundation for a child's personality development. The findings provide profound insights into the vital role of parents in shaping the personalities of 4-5-year-old children, offering practical implications for fostering nurturing parenting styles that support optimal growth.