Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire Research Articles

A pilot study of the effect of group-administered psilocybin on psychological flexibility and outcomes

AbstractPsychological flexibility has been proposed as a core process of change when psychedelics are used for therapeutic purposes, but to date empirical outcomes have only documented changes on the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II), a very general measure of psychological flexibility. This pilot study measured outcomes from psilocybin administered in a retreat setting across a range of measures assessing aspects of psychological flexibility. Nine participants attended a 7-day psilocybin retreat and completed measures at baseline, 2-, and 6-month follow up. Participants demonstrated significant improvements in cognitive defusion (Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire), valued living (Valuing Questionnaire), and Self-Compassion (Self-Compassion Scale), as well as a trend towards increased overall psychological flexibility (AAQ). Other outcome and process measures included measures related to acute effects of the psilocybin, belief in oneness, social safeness, mental health, burnout and emotion expressivity. These results offer preliminary evidence that therapeutic benefits obtained from psilocybin experiences may be linked to changes in psychological flexibility.

A randomized clinical trial: Efficacy of group-based acceptance and commitment therapy program for breast cancer patients with high fear of progression.

Fear of progression (FOP) is a common and significant concern among cancer patients, encompassing worries about cancer progression during active treatment. Elevated levels of FOP can be dysfunctional. This study aims to assess the efficacy of an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)-based intervention on FOP, anxiety sensitivity (AS), and quality of life (QOL) in breast cancer patients. A clinical trial was conducted involving 80 stage I-III active-treatment breast cancer patients with a score greater than 34 on the Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form scale. These patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either an intervention group, which received weekly 70-min sessions of 5-ACT-bsed group-therapy, or a control group that received usual treatment. Variables including FOP, AS, QOL, and ACT-related factors were assessed using ASQ, QLQ-C30, Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire, and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II at three time points: baseline, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up. The efficacy of the intervention was evaluated using mixed model analysis across all time-points. The fidelity and acceptability of the ACT-based manual were confirmed using significant methods. A significant reduction in FOP was observed only in the ACT group at post-intervention (P-valueACT < 0.001; Cohen dACT=1.099). Furthermore, the ACT group demonstrated a more significant reduction in FOP at follow-up. Furthermore, all secondary and ACT-related variables, except for the physical symptoms subscale, showed significant improvement in the ACT group compared to the control group. Our ACT-based manual showed promise for reducing FOP, AS, and improving QOL, and ACT-related variables in breast cancer patients 3months following the intervention.

Standardization of the Korean Version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire for Obsessions and Compulsions in University Students and Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire for Obsessions and Compulsions (AAQ-OC) is a version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ) that specifically measures unwanted intrusive thoughts and responses (e.g., experiential avoidance) to them. This study aimed to investigate the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the AAQ-OC in clinical and nonclinical Korean samples. In this study, 561 university students and 121 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) completed the AAQ-OC and several other psychological scales. Descriptive, correlation, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses as well as group comparisons were conducted. The results of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated a two-factor structure that best fits the data in the university sample: Factors 1 and 2 matched the original Valued Action and Willingness subscales, respectively. The reliability analyses revealed that the AAQ-OC and its factors had excellent internal consistencies. As regards the concurrent validity, the AAQ-OC and its factors had a positive correlation with the AAQ-II and Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire. Compared with the university students, the OCD patients had higher AAQ-OC scores, and their obsessive-compulsive symptoms, particularly the two symptom dimensions of responsibility for harm and mistakes and unacceptable thoughts, were significantly associated with the AAQ-OC and two subscales. The findings of this study confirm the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the AAQ-OC.

Differences in Psychological Inflexibility Among Men With Erectile Dysfunction Younger and Older Than 40 Years: Web-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Psychological inflexibility is a core concept of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), which is a comprehensive, transdiagnostic interpretation of mental health symptoms. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a condition that affects male sexual performance, involving the inability to achieve and maintain a penile erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual activity. Psychosocial factors primarily influence ED in men younger than 40 years, whereas biological factors are more likely to be the underlying cause in older men. This web-based cross-sectional study examined differences in depression, anxiety, and psychological inflexibility among men with ED younger and older than 40 years in a Japanese population. We used a web-based survey to gather data from various community samples. ED was assessed by the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) questionnaire, while depression, anxiety, and psychological inflexibility were evaluated by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ), and Valuing Questionnaire-Obstacle Subscale (VQ-OB) questionnaires. The chi-square test estimated the scores of PHQ-9 and GAD-7 among men with ED, comparing those younger than 40 years and those older than 40 years. Additionally, a two-way ANOVA was conducted with ED severity and age group as independent variables, assessing psychological inflexibility. Valid responses from 643 individuals (mean age 36.19, SD 7.54 years) were obtained. Of these, 422 were younger than 40 years (mean age 31.76, SD 5.00 years), and 221 were older than 40 years (mean age 44.67, SD 2.88 years). There was a statistical difference in the prevalence of depression as judged by PHQ≥10 between men with ED younger and older than 40 years (P<.001). On the other hand, there was no difference in the prevalence of anxiety as judged by GAD≥10 (P=.12). The two-way ANOVA revealed that the interactions for CFQ (P=.04) and VQ-OB (P=.01) were significant. The simple main effect was that men with ED younger than 40 years had significantly higher CFQ (P=.01; d=0.62) and VQ-OB (P<.001; d=0.87) scores compared to those older than 40 years in moderate ED and severe ED. Additionally, it was found that men younger than 40 years with moderate to severe ED had significantly higher CFQ (P=.01; d=0.42) and VQ-OB (P=.02; d=0.38) scores compared to men younger than 40 years without ED. On the other hand, no interaction was found for AAQ-II (P=.16) scores. To the best of our knowledge, this web-based cross-sectional study is the first to examine the relationship between psychological inflexibility and ED. We conclude that men with moderate and severe ED younger than 40 years have higher psychological inflexibility and might be eligible for ACT.

The Impact of Stress Inoculation Management Training on Negative Automatic Thoughts, Psychological Distress, and Cognitive Fusion among Students Preparing for University Entrance Exam

Objective: One of the approaches that can lead to changes in reducing psychological distress, negative automatic thoughts, and cognitive fusion among students preparing for university entrance exam is stress inoculation management. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of stress inoculation management training on negative automatic thoughts, psychological distress, and cognitive fusion among students preparing for university entrance exam. Methods and Materials: This research is an applied study in nature and quasi-experimental in implementation, using a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The population consisted of all female students preparing for university entrance exam in Kermanshah in the year 2023. From this population, 60 participants were selected using a convenience sampling method into two experimental groups and one control group. The research tools included the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (Kessler et al., 2003), the Negative Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (Kendall &amp; Hollon, 1980), and the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (Rachman &amp; Shafran, 1996). Data analysis was performed using multivariate covariance analysis. Findings: The results indicated that the stress inoculation management intervention had a significant effect on the psychological distress of the students preparing for university entrance exam in the post-test phase (p&lt;0.01). The intervention also significantly impacted negative automatic thoughts (p&lt;0.01) and cognitive fusion (p&lt;0.01) in the post-test evaluations. Conclusion: Stress inoculation management training is effective in impacting negative automatic thoughts, psychological distress, and cognitive fusion among students preparing for university entrance exam.

Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Cognitive Fusion and Social Anxiety in Women with Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on cognitive fusion and social anxiety in women suffering from generalized anxiety disorder. Methods: This study was an applied, quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up, including a control group. The population consisted of all women with generalized anxiety disorder who attended counseling centers in Sari city. The sample included 30 women with generalized anxiety disorder, selected via convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two groups: the experimental group receiving ACT for social anxiety disorder (Hayes, 2012) and a wait-list control group. Data were collected using the Social Anxiety Questionnaire (Watson &amp; Friend, 1969) and the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (Gillanders, 2014). Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA with SPSS-26 software. Findings: The results showed significant differences between the ACT treatment group and the control group. ACT was effective in reducing cognitive fusion (F = 15.25, p &lt; .001) and social anxiety (F = 38.86, p &lt; .001) in women with generalized anxiety disorder (p &lt; .001). Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy may serve as an effective intervention method for improving cognitive fusion and social anxiety in women with generalized anxiety disorder.

The Examination of Psychological Symptoms in Adults in terms of Adverse Childhood Experiences, Cognitive Fusion, Experiential Avoidance, and Perceived Social Support

The aim of the present study is to determine the relationships between psychological symptoms in adults, adverse childhood experiences, cognitive engagement, experiential avoidance, and perceived social support. Another aim of the study is to examine whether psychological symptoms differ according to demographic variables such as age, gender and education level. The sample of the study consists of adults between the ages of 18-65. Brief Symptom Inventory, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form, Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were used as data collection instruments. Analyses showed that adverse childhood experiences, cognitive fusion and perveived social support predict psychological symptoms in adults. In addition, depression, anxiety, negative self and hostility symptoms were found to be higher in the participants aged 18-24 compared to the participants in the 25-40 and 41-65 age groups. It was thought that this study will contribute to understanding the nature of psychological symptoms and identfiying the intervention areas of psychotherapies.

Early Maladaptive Schemas, Cognitive Fusion, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use Attitudes: The Mediating Role of Muscle Dysmorphia in Iran

In recent decades, the interest in having an ideal body in men has caused a pathological tendency to be muscular, followed by a tendency to use anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs). This study was designed to evaluate the mediating role of muscle dysmorphia in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and body image-related cognitive fusion with the tendency to use AAS in male athletes. Out of the total number of men referring to fitness clubs in Isfahan, Iran, 474 men were evaluated using a multistage random cluster sampling method. The questionnaires used in this research included the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory, Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire—Body Image, Young Schema Questionnaire—Short Form, and Prototype Willingness Model Questionnaire. The results demonstrated that the relationship of AAS use with body image-related cognitive fusion and the three maladaptive schemas with the mediation of muscle dysmorphia is significant. The present study provides significant implications in the discussion of prevention and treatment of AAS addiction.

Is Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Effective for Any Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom Dimensions?

Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) has been recently introduced for treating obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Although there are data supporting the efficacy of ACT, only few studies have investigated the effectiveness of ACT against any obsessivecompulsive (OC) symptom dimension or a specific dimension alone. In total, 64 patients with OCD received an 8-session ACT group program. All measures were evaluated before and after treatment. The Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale was used to assess OCD severity across the four empirically supported symptom dimensions (i.e., contamination, responsibility for harm, unacceptable thoughts, and symmetry). ACT processes were evaluated using the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire for Obsessions and Compulsions (AAQOC), and Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire. After an 8-week program, there were significant reductions in all four OC symptom dimensions after ACT. The unacceptable thoughts and contamination domains had medium effect size. The responsibility for harm and symmetry dimensions had small effect size. The unacceptable thoughts dimension was significantly correlated with all ACT process measures. The symmetry dimension was significantly correlated with AAQ-OC and AAQ-II scores while the responsibility for harm dimension was correlated with AAQ-II alone. However, the contamination dimension was not associated with any process measures. ACT may be effective for managing all four symptom dimensions with small to moderate effect size. Moreover, depending on the symptom dimension, there may be different relationship patterns between symptom reduction and changes in ACT processes.

Effectiveness of Acceptance Commitment Therapy in Social Anxiety Disorder: Application of a Longitudinal Method to Evaluate the Mediating Role of Acceptance, Cognitive Fusion, and Values.

The aim of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on symptom severity, fear of negative evaluation, quality of life (QoL), and the mediating role of acceptance, cognitive fusion, and value among patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD). Thirty patients diagnosed with SAD were randomized in the intervention (n=15) or waiting list groups (n=15). The social phobia and Anxiety inventory (SPAI), brief fear of negative evaluation scale (BFNE), World Health Organization quality of life (WHOQoL) scale, social anxiety-acceptance and action questionnaire (SA-AAQ), cognitive fusion questionnaire (CFQ), and valued living questionnaire (VLQ) were administered before, immediately after, and at a one-month follow-up. Repeated measurement design was used in the intervention group to investigate the changes of mediation and outcomes variables in the pre-test, during treatment, and post-test. Twenty-four patients completed the study. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), and repeated measurements. There were significant differences between the intervention and waiting list groups in the severity of symptoms (P=0.001), fear of negative evaluation (P=0.002), and QoL (P=0.03), as well as in terms of specific measures of SA-AAQ (P=0.001), cognitive fusion (P=0.001), an important section of VLQ (P=0.001). Repeated measurement results showed that acceptance and action of social anxiety and cognitive fusion had a mediating role in the severity of social anxiety, fear of negative evaluation, and QoL. The results indicated the effectiveness of ACT for SAD and highlighted the mediator role of social anxiety, acceptance and action, and cognitive fusion in the severity of SAD. This study evaluated effectiveness of acceptance commitment therapy(ACT) on social anxiety disorders (SAD).This study evaluated mechanisms of change of ACT in SAD.ACT has effectiveness for SAD.Acceptance and action and cognitive fusion have mediator role in SAD. Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is one of the most psychiatric disorders. Although CBT has been effective for SAD, most patients continue to demonstrate residual symptoms and impairment after treatment. Over the past several years, a third-wave behavioral therapy has been developed within behavioral and cognitive approaches. Some researchers suggest a new generation of psychotherapists termed acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) that has many evidence in SAD. However, studies have not examined the mechanism of change of ACT in SAD using methods and proper instruments.in the present study ACT have effectiveness for SAD. In addition to, acceptance and action and cognitive fusion have mediator role in SAD.

The relationship between psychological flexibility, self-compassion, and posttraumatic growth in cancer patients in the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic may have an important long-term emotional impact on patients with cancer diagnosis, as they are in the high-risk group. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between self-compassion, psychological flexibility, and posttraumatic growth, and to examine whether psychological flexibility may serve as a mediator between self-compassion and posttraumatic growth. Two hundred fifty-three patients with cancer were included in the study. Sociodemographic and Clinical Features Data Form, Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ), and Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) were applied to all patients. The multivariate analysis with independent variable SCS, FMI, AAQ-II, and CFQ scores explains 49% of the variance in PTGI (F(4,248) = 60,585, p < 0.001). SC and FMI scores were found to have a positive and AAQ-II and CFQ scores a negative predictive effect on PTGI scores. The partial mediational effect of psychological flexibility on the relationship between self-compassion and posttraumatic growth was found to be statistically significant. In traumatic life events such as pandemics, the importance of self-compassion for posttraumatic growth and the mediator role of psychological flexibility in this relationship should be considered in order to manage the treatment process in cancer patients. These patients are more affected by the pandemic due to the nature of their malignancy and the strict protective measures they must follow as members of a high-risk group. The significance of therapies focused on psychological flexibility should be emphasized in comprehensive biopsychosocial approaches for the management of cancer patients.

Psychometric properties of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ) from a sample of Ecuadorian college students

Cognitive Fusion is related to psychological problems, such as anxiety and depression, and is assessed through the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ). Aim: to confirm the unidimensional structure of the CFQ, its internal consistency reliability, and convergent and divergent validity in a sample of Ecuadorian college students. Method: instrumental design using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to estimate convergent and divergent validity of the CFQ. Participants: 356 college students (59.1% women) aged between 18 and 58 years (M = 25.52, SD = 7.51) from several universities in Ecuador (43.9% public institutions). Results: the unidimensional structure of the CFQ is confirmed, through adequate fit indices. Its reliability is excellent (ω = .954) and, regarding convergent and divergent validity, it correlates positively with Experiential Avoidance (AAQ-II) and negatively with Satisfaction with Life (SWLS). Conclusion: The Psychometric properties of the CFQ are adequate for its application in Ecuadorian college students.

Comparing the Effectiveness of Mindfulness Training with Schema Therapy on Cognitive fusion and Job Burnout in Female Nurses

Background &amp; Aims: Nurses as the powerful force of the healthcare system, play a significant role in the development and progress of care, improvement, and promotion of health. Therefore, it is very important to check their mental and occupational health status. Therefore, this research was conducted to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness programs with schema therapy on cognitive fusion and job burnout in female nurses. Materials and Methods: The research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population included all female nurses working in Imam Khomeini hospital (RA) in Tehran in 2021, which was 60 available, taking into account the entry criteria and research tools including the cognitive fusion questionnaire and questionnaire Job burnout were selected and replaced in three groups of 20 people. The intervention program was implemented for each of the experimental groups during 8 weekly sessions (1 hour). But the control group did not receive these programs. Hypotheses were analyzed with repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: The findings showed that the groups had no significant difference in terms of education, shift and work experience, and type of employment (P&lt;0.05). Also, both mindfulness and schema therapy have significantly improved cognitive fusion and job burnout compared to the control group. The comparison of intervention programs shows the different effects of these programs on cognitive fusion and job burnout. Conclusion: Based on the results, therapists and health professionals can use two methods of mindfulness and schema therapy to improve the occupational and psychological condition of personnel.

The Polish adaptation of the measurements of rule-governed behaviors: Generalized Pliance Questionnaire, Generalized Tracking Questionnaire and Generalized Self-Pliance Questionnaire.

In some circumstances rule-governed behavior, a behavior that is governed by verbal rules instead of environmental consequences, may be beneficial for human beings. At the same time, rigid rule following is associated with psychopathology. Thus measurement of rule-governed behavior may be of special use in a clinical setting. The aim of this paper is to assess the psychometric properties of Polish adaptations of three questionnaires measuring generalized tendency to engage in various types of rule-governed behaviors: Generalized Pliance Questionnaire (GPQ), Generalized Self-Pliance Questionnaire (GSPQ), Generalized Tracking Questionnaire (GTQ). A forward-backward method was used for translation. Data was collected from two samples: general population (N = 669) and university students (N = 451). To measure the validity of the adapted scales the participants filled in a set of self-assessed questionnaires: Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale- 21 (DASS-21), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ), Valuing Questionnaire (VQ) and Rumination-Reflection Questionnaire (RRQ). The exploratory and confirmatory analyses confirmed the unidimensional structure of each of the adapted scales. All of those scales presented good reliability (internal consistency measured with Cronbach Alpha) and item-total correlations. The Polish versions of questionnaires presented significant correlations in the expected directions with relevant psychological variables in line with the original studies. The measurement occurred invariant across both samples as well as gender. The results provide evidence that Polish versions of GPQ, GSPQ and GTQ present sufficient validity and reliability to be used in the Polish-speaking population.

Cognitive Fusion, Ruminative Response Style and Depressive Spectrum Symptoms in a Sample of University Students.

Psychological inflexibility is related to depressive symptoms through the 'ruminative response style' (RR) and 'cognitive fusion' (CF). We aimed at exploring whether university students were more exposed to CF, RR and depressive symptoms because of their intellectual performance than non-university students of the same age. We compared university students (US) (n = 105) vs. non-university students (NUS) (n = 76) through online administration of the 'Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire' (CFQ-7), the 'Depression-Zung Self-Assessment Scale' (ZSDS) and the 'Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire' (PTQ) (study protocol #0077818/2022, approved by the Ethical Committee of the University of Pisa, Italy). University students scored significantly higher than non-university students in the CFQ-7 Total Score (27.5 ± 9.4 vs. 24.4 ± 9.5; p = 0.040), ZSDS Total Score (41.1 ± 7.7 vs. 39.0 ± 7.3; p = 0.031), PTQ Total Score (26.1 ± 13.1 vs. 21.8 ± 13.9; p = 0.029), PTQ 'Repetitiveness' (5.3 ± 2.8 vs. 4.5 ± 2.9; p = 0.034), 'Intrusiveness' (5.8 ± 3.0 vs. 4.8 ± 3.1; p = 0.046) and 'Repetitive Negative Thinking capturing mental resources' (5.0 ± 3.1 vs. 4.0 ± 3.0; p = 0.013) (MANOVA analysis). In a binary logistic regression analysis of US (with ZSDS scores < 44 vs. ≥44 as the dependent variable, and PTQ Total Score and dimensions, CFQ-7 Total Score, age and gender as the covariates), PTQ Total Score predicted the more severe depressive symptomatology (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.017-2.039; p = 0.040). We believe that RR and CF should be specifically targeted through psychoeducational/psychotherapeutic interventions in university students.

Exploring the role of cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance in predicting smartphone use among medical university students

We investigated the role of cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance in the relationship between stress and smartphone use. A total of 725 medical students completed self-reported questionnaires that consisted of the Korean Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire, and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II. The total and all subscale scores for smartphone use were positively correlated with stress, cognitive fusion, and experiential avoidance. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that adding the two variables, namely, cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance, accounted for an additional 10% of the variance in smartphone use. However, only cognitive fusion was a significant predictor. Moreover, cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance individually played a mediating role in the relationship between stress and smartphone use. These findings suggest that the ACT may be an excellent paradigm to advance our understanding of smartphone addiction and the authorities in medical schools should consider intervention strategies of ACT, particularly mindfulness and cognitive defusion, for medical students with smartphone overuse.

Psychological Inflexibility in Depression with Psychotic Features: A Case Report

IntroductionMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a mood disorder that can last for weeks or even months, in which there is a depressed mood accompanied by anxiety, in addition to negative changes in cognitive functions, psychomotor movement and vegetative functions. Depression with psychotic features is a psychiatric syndrome that progresses with delusions as well as severe symptoms such as psychomotor retardation or agitation, depressive ruminations, deterioration in cognitive functions, and confusion. Compared to the subtypes without psychotic features, the symptoms are more severe, the age of onset is earlier, and the duration of the disease is longer. Feelings of guilt, worthlessness and suicidal thoughts and attempts at suicide are more common. The risk of exacerbation is greater. Diagnosis of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia is more common in first-degree relatives of these patients.ObjectivesAn 18-year-old female patient with somatic delusions and psychotic persistence that started after a sexual trauma and persisted for 1 month was consulted after organic exclusions were made. It is understood from the anamnesis that the patient had a manic episode about 6 months ago and that his mother was followed up with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. The patient’s current clinical picture was evaluated as depression with psychotic features, and after hospitalization, the treatment was adjusted as fluoxetine 20 mg/g, olanzapine 5 mg/g, and lithium 900 mg/g. Self as context, cognitive defusion and acceptance interventions were applied to the patient.MethodsWhen the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire(CFQ), Self-as-Context Scale(SACS), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire(AAQ-II) completed by the patient during hospitalization and in remission periods were compared, it was observed that there was a significant regression in the patient’s psychological inflexibility during the period of remission. Written informed consent was obtained from the patient whose clinical picture was presented in order to contribute to the scientific literature.ResultsDepression with psychotic features is another clinical picture in which psychological inflexibility increases, and it has been observed that interviews to increase psychological flexibility during the treatment process contribute positively to the treatment process. For this reason, the contribution to the healing process can be better clarified in further studies on interventions to increase psychological flexibility applied in addition to pharmacological treatments.Image:ConclusionsPsychological inflexibility is an effort to control a person’s emotion, thought, behavior or experience in a dysfunctional way in the face of an undesired experience. It has been seen in studies conducted in recent years that; There is a significant positive correlation between high psychological inflexibility and somatization, depression, anxiety and other psychological disorders.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

The Development of a Japanese Version of the State Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire

AbstractThis series of studies developed the Japanese version of the State Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (SCFQ‐J) and examined its psychometric properties. In Study 1, 411 participants completed the questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analyses supported a one‐factor model for the SCFQ‐J. In Study 2, to examine the responsiveness of the SCFQ‐J to a brief defusion exercise, 40 Japanese participants were randomly assigned to either a cognitive defusion or control condition. The SCFQ‐J showed superior responsiveness to a brief defusion exercise than a commonly used measure (thought believability). In Study 3, to examine whether the SCFQ‐J was more sensitive to dissociated movements than the original Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ‐J), 40 Japanese participants were randomly assigned to either an SCFQ‐J or CFQ‐J condition. The SCFQ‐J showed better sensitivity than the CFQ‐J to a brief defusion exercise, supporting its suitability for experimental studies. Our findings suggest that the SCFQ‐J is a valuable measure of state cognitive fusion in Japan.

Psychological mechanism of acceptance and commitment therapy and rational emotive behavior therapy for treating hoarding: Evidence from randomized controlled trials.

Hoarding is a common problem behavior worldwide and is detrimental to the physical and mental health of individuals and groups. Currently, effective interventions for hoarding are cognitive-behavioral therapies, but their post-intervention efficacy is questionable, and the available research does not examine the mediating variables of the effects of interventions on clinical outcomes. Moreover, current research on hoarding has focused on Western countries. Therefore, there is a need to investigate the efficacy of other forms of cognitive behavioral therapy on hoarding as well as other psychological outcomes related to hoarding and mediating variables that contribute to its effectiveness in different cultural contexts. One hundred thirty-nine college students with higher hoarding behaviors were randomly divided into three groups: 45 in the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) group, 47 in the Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) group, and 47 in the control group. They completed the Saving Inventory-Revised (SI-R), Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom Scale (OCSS), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory-Attachment Anxiety Subscale (ECR), Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II (AAQ-II), and Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ) before and immediately after the intervention. The results showed that ACT and REBT improved individuals' psychological flexibility, cognitive fusion, acquisition-difficulty discarding, clutter, negative affect (anxiety, depression, stress), attachment anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and difficulty in emotion regulation compared to the control group. In addition, ACT was more effective than REBT in improving psychological flexibility and reducing hoarding, cognitive fusion, depression, stress, and obsessive-compulsive disorder; there were no significant differences between the two in anxiety and emotion regulation difficulties. Furthermore, psychological flexibility is a mediator of the effect of ACT and REBT on some behavioral and psychological outcomes (hoarding, negative affect, attachment anxiety). Limitations were discussed.

The relationship between stressful life events and school engagement for junior high school students in China: A serial mediation model

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between stressful life events (SLE) and school engagement and to determine if there are some likely mediating variables between them. A sample of 1517 Chinese junior high school students (51.5% female) completed the adolescent self-rating life events checklist (ASLEC), Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-student (UWES-s), cognitive fusion questionnaire (CFQ), and positive psychological capital questionnaire (PPQ). The model was calculated using the PROCESS macro in SPSS. The serial mediator model revealed a significant negative effect of SLE on school engagement through psychological flexibility and psychological capital (effect = −.08, 95% CI [−.10, −.06]). There was also a direct mediating effect through psychological capital (effect = −.17, 95% CI [−.21, −.13]). The results of the present study may help to clarify mechanisms that might explain the association between SLE and school engagement. Future research on improving school engagement should consider the critical roles of psychological flexibility and psychological capital.