Cognitive Function In Women Research Articles

Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Injurious Falls among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Indonesia.

Objective To assess the prevalence and health correlates of fall-related injury in a national population-based community-dwelling sample of older Indonesians. Methods Participants were 6698 older adults, 50 years and older (median age 58.0 years, IQR=11.0, and age range of 50–101 years), who took part in in the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS-5) in 2014-15. They provided information about sociodemographic, various health variables, including a falling down and received treatment history in the last two years. Results Overall, 12.8% had one or more fall-related injuries in the past two years, 14.0% among women and 11.5% among men, 7.6% had a single fall, and 5.2% multiple fall-related injuries in the past two years. In multivariable logistic regression models, having two or more chronic conditions, urinary problems, and functional disability was independently associated with multiple fall-related injuries in the past two years in both sexes. Sex-specific risk factors were former tobacco use, having or having had a cataract, sleep disturbance, and sleep impairment in men and poorer economic background, depression symptoms, and low cognitive functioning in women. Conclusion A significant proportion of older adults in Indonesia have fall-related injury. Several homogenous between the sexes and sex-specific risk factors for fall-related injury were identified that can help in designing fall-prevention strategies.

Inflammatory markers and their possible effects on cognitive function in women with posttraumatic stress disorder

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been associated with increased inflammation, albeit with some controversy. Another key feature of PTSD is compromised function in wide-ranging cognitive domains. Increased peripheral inflammation can contribute to cognitive dysfunction, although this relationship has not been studied in patients with PTSD. Here, we examined blood inflammatory markers in adult patients with PTSD compared to healthy controls taking account of potentially confounding effects of childhood maltreatment and comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD), and explored the association between inflammation and cognition. We enrolled 40 women with PTSD, most of whom developed the disorder after interpersonal violence during adulthood, and 65 healthy control women. Diagnoses were made based on DSM-IV. History of childhood maltreatment was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Cognitive function was assessed using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Blood samples were collected for the measurement of 5 inflammatory markers including interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble IL-6 receptor, interleukin-1β, high-sensitivity tumor necrosis factor-α, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Compared to controls, patients with PTSD showed significantly higher IL-6 levels (p = 0.009) and lower scores on all RBANS domains (all p < 0.01). IL-6 levels in patients were not significantly associated with the presence/absence of comorbid MDD or CTQ scores. IL-6 levels in patients were significantly negatively correlated with RBANS visuospatial construction (p = 0.046), language (p = 0.008), attention (p = 0.036) and total score (p = 0.008). These results suggest that elevated IL-6 is associated with PTSD and that the lower cognitive function in PTSD may be due at least partly to increased inflammation.

Comparison of Objective and Subjective Measures of Cognitive Function in Women with and without a History of Breast Cancer

The purpose of this study was to examine potential differences in select objective and subjective measures of cognitive function in women with and without a history of breast cancer. Study participants included 25 women between the ages of 40–75 years, 14 of whom had completed treatments for Stage I–III invasive breast cancer (breast cancer survivors) and 11 of whom who did not have a history of cancer diagnosis or treatment (controls) Participants completed the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Cognitive Function (FACT‐Cognitive Function), a 37‐item instrument which assesses self‐reported perceptions of cognitive impairments, abilities, comments from others, and impact on quality of life over the past 7 days. Participants also completed two computerized tests of attention: the Digit Span Test and the Flanker Task (Inquisit, Millisecond Software, LLC, Seattle, WA). Performance on the Digit Span was assessed by examining the mean forward and backward digit spans achieved. Performance on the Flanker Task was assessed by examining the error proportion and mean reaction times for mixed trial and blocked trial stimuli. Serum brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were measured from whole blood samples using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques (R&amp;D Systems Inc., Minneapolis, MN). Outcome measures were compared between the two study groups using independent samples t‐tests. Physical characteristics (i.e. age, height, body mass, BMI, percent body fat, and VO2peak) were similar between breast cancer survivors and controls (55.9 ± 7.4 years vs. 55.5 ± 7.0 years; 163.3 ± 4.8 cm vs. 165.1 ± 5.8 cm; 69.6 ± 11.7 kg vs. 75.8 ± 18.3 kg; 26.1 ± 4.4 kg/m2 vs. 27.9 ± 7.0 kg/m2; 32.8 ± 6.0% vs. 33.0 ± 6.4%; and 20.9 ± 6.3 mL/kg/min vs. 25.0 ± 9.6 mL/kg/min, respectively, p = 0.209–0.896). For the FACT‐Cognitive Function, breast cancer survivors reported a significantly lower total score as well as significantly lower subscale scores for Perceived Cognitive Impairments and Perceived Cognitive Abilities compared to controls (Table 1, p = 0.038, 0.039, and 0.036). Breast cancer survivors also performed significantly worse on both the forward and backward Digit Spans compared to controls (Table 2, p = 0.016 and 0.003), and displayed somewhat longer reaction times on both the blocked and mixed trial stimuli for the Flanker Task compared to controls (Table 2, p = 0.053 and 0.085). Serum BDNF levels were similar between breast cancer survivors and controls (63695.7 ± 51661.0 pg/mL vs. 105307.3 ± 71037.1 pg/mL, p = 0.121). These results suggest that although physical characteristics (i.e. age, BMI, body composition, and peak aerobic fitness) and serum BDNF levels may be similar between women with a history of breast cancer and women with no history of cancer, some decrements may exist in self‐reported cognitive function abilities and performance on computerized tests of attention and memory in women with a history of breast cancer. Understanding similarities and differences in responses between individuals with and without a history of cancer may yield more precise insight into devising therapies for cancer survivors that aim to mitigate the effects of treatments on cognitive function in this population.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by Elon University Faculty Research and Development funds.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Protocol for Exercise Program in Cancer and Cognition (EPICC): A randomized controlled trial of the effects of aerobic exercise on cognitive function in postmenopausal women with breast cancer receiving aromatase inhibitor therapy

The Exercise Program in Cancer and Cognition (EPICC) Study is a randomized controlled trial designed to test the effects of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on cognitive function in postmenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer during the first six months of aromatase inhibitor therapy. It is estimated that up to 75% of survivors of breast cancer experience cognitive impairment related to disease and treatment. At present, there are no known interventions to improve or manage cognitive function for women with breast cancer. Here, we describe a single-blinded, randomized controlled trial with allocation of 254 postmenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer to a supervised six-month aerobic exercise intervention or usual care. Prior to beginning aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy, participants complete baseline assessments of cognitive function, cardiorespiratory fitness, blood-based biomarkers, physical activity and sleep, and symptoms (fatigue, sleep problems, depressive symptoms, anxiety). A random subset of participants (n = 150) undergoes neuroimaging procedures that include structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging assessments. All participants maintain an activity diary; physical activity and sleep monitoring is repeated three and seven months post-randomization. The remaining baseline assessments are repeated seven months post-randomization. If successful, exercise could be a low-cost method to improve cognitive function in women with breast cancer that is easily adaptable to the home or community.Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.govNCT02793921. Registered 20 May 2016.

Multidimensional factors associated with the loss of independence: A population-based longitudinal study.

To clarify the factors associated with loss of independence multidimensionally over a 3-year period among community-dwelling older adults. The survey was exclusively carried out by the local government for people aged >65 years who were independent at baseline living in H-City, a mid-sized urban city in Japan. The participants completed a self-administered postal questionnaire, and we obtained data regarding their loss of independence from administrative records 3 years later. A total of 22 328 participants completed the follow up (baseline mean age 71.6 years). At follow up, 998 (4.3%) participants were categorized as dependent, with 606 requiring partial support in toileting, bathing and so on (mild loss of independence), and 392 requiring complete support (severe loss). Factors independently associated with mild loss of independence after 3 years for both men and women were advanced age, low physical function, low nutritional status, low cognitive function and high depression risk. In contrast, factors independently associated with severe loss of independence were advanced age, low physical function and high depression risk in men, and advanced age, and low physical and cognitive function in women. We clarified the variety of factors associated with loss of independence according to its severity, and the strength of those independent associations was different in the whole city longitudinal study. The present study's findings have important clinical implications for the development of better preventive medicine to establish a society of healthy longevity. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 448-455.

Exam 2: Association Between Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Cognitive Function in Women

Exam 2: Association Between Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Cognitive Function in Women

Association Between Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Cognitive Function in Women

Studies have reported associations between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and dementia. However, data are lacking on long-term PPI use and cognitive function. We therefore examined associations between PPI use and performance in tests of cognitive function. Because of shared clinical indications, we examined associations for H2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) as a secondary aim. We used prospectively collected data on medication use and other potential risk factors from 13,864 participants in the Nurses' Health Study II who had completed a self-administered computerized neuropsychological test battery. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine associations between medication use and composite scores of psychomotor speed and attention, learning and working memory, and overall cognition. We observed a modest association between duration of PPI use and scores for psychomotor speed and attention (mean score difference for PPI use of 9-14 years vs never users,-0.06; 95% confidence interval,-0.11 to 0.00; Ptrend= .03). After controlling for H2RA use, the magnitude of this score difference was attenuated. Among individuals who did not use PPIs regularly, duration of H2RA use was associated with poorer cognitive scores, with the strongest association apparent for learning and working memory (mean score difference for H2RA users of 9-14 years vs never users,-0.20; 95% confidence interval,-0.32 to-0.08; Ptrend < .001). In an analysis of data from the Nurses' Health Study II, we did not observe a convincing association between PPI use and cognitive function. Our data do not support the suggestion that PPI use increases dementia risk. Because our primary hypothesis related to PPI use, our findings for H2RAs should be interpreted with caution.

The impact of a single bout of high intensity circuit training on myokines' concentrations and cognitive functions in women of different age

The study aimed to assess effect of a single bout of high-intensity circuit training (HICT) on myokines concentration: interleukin-6 and irisin, inteleukin-10, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), heat shock proteins (HSP27, HSP70) and cognitive functions among women participated in HICT. It also attempted evaluating whether vitamin D could have modified the effect of HICT.Fourteen healthy, non-active women participating in the experiment were assigned to a young or middle-aged group. They performed a single session HICT using body weight as a resistance, based on the ACSM recommendations. Blood samples were taken before, one and 24h after training. Cognitive functions were assessed before and 1h after the HICT session. Simple statistics and effects of changes for dependent variables were determined using mixed linear modeling, and evaluated by means of magnitude-based inference (MBI).Following a single session of HICT the young group exhibited improved concentration and spatial memory, whereas in middle-aged women these functions were attenuated. A varied tendency was also observed in the levels of myokine IL-6 and cytokine IL-10. Vitamin D was covariate for changes in cognitive functions and myokines' levels after exercise. Its concentration modified the anti-inflammatory effect of HICT, expressed in decreasing HSP70.

Does comorbid depression and alcoholic dependence influence cognition in Bulgarian womеn?

IntroductionPrevious research on the impact of alcohol intake on human behavior and cognition has revealed the detrimental effects of alcohol dependence. Especially in women, depression is often associated with the initiation of alcohol abuse that provokes new episodes of depression and this cycle tends to chronify.ObjectiveAlthough the co-occurrence of depression and alcoholism is well documented, there is still scarce data on the cognition of depressed alcohol-depended women. The aim of the present study is to examine the cognitive function in women who demonstrate both depression and alcohol dependence.MethodA group of fifty-three Bulgarian women with a formal diagnosis of alcohol dependence (Mage = 43.89, SDage = 9.48; level of education: all with high school education) and varying levels of depressive symptomatology were examined at the Municipal Council on Drug Addiction Blagoevgrad. Information were collected from personal history taking (anamnesis), self-reports and the Lesch Alcoholism Typology–Questionnaire (LAT online program). The women were grouped according to their age (27–45 and 46–71).ResultsResults indicated that there is a significant influence of depression (P = .032), a slightly above the statistical significance level non-influence of age (P = .056), and an interaction of the influence of depression*age (P = .048) on self-reported cognitive performance.ConclusionsThe present research suggests that future researchers should further clarify in a more systematic way the factors that influence cognition in this special population with comorbid depression and alcoholic dependence.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

922 - Lack of Association Between Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Cognitive Function in Women

922 - Lack of Association Between Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Cognitive Function in Women

Cognitive functioning of women in pregnancy and early postpartum

Pregnancy and early postpartum is an extremely stressful time in a woman’s life. Emotional and cognitive functioning are mutually interconnected. The psyche also influences the physical health on the functional and physical basis. The physiological hormonal changes adapt woman to the development and labour of a child and reflect in the central nervous system functioning. In the presented manuscript, the basic psychological problems accompanying women in this period, as well as mutual relationships between the hormonal and central nervous systems during pregnancy and early postpartum have been presented.

Effect of Trospium Chloride on Cognitive Function in Women Aged 50 and Older: A Randomized Trial.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of trospium chloride on cognitive function in postmenopausal women treated for overactive bladder (OAB). Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial conducted from April 2013 to April 2015. Women aged 50 years or older seeking treatment for OAB were randomized to either trospium chloride XR 60 mg daily or placebo. Baseline cognitive function was assessed via Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R), Mini Mental Status Exam, Mini Mental Status X, Digit Span, Trails A, Trails B, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Cognitive function was reassessed at week 1 and week 4. A priori power analysis determined that 21 subjects were needed per group. Although 59 women were enrolled and randomized (28 trospium and 31 placebo), 45 completed assessment (21 trospium and 24 placebo). Mean age was 68 years, 78% were white, and 44% had previously taken OAB medication. For the primary outcome, there was no difference in HVLT-R total score between trospium and placebo groups at week 4 (P = 0.29). There were also no differences based on the other cognitive tests. There was a correlation between age and the following week-4 tests: HVLT-R total score (r = -0.3, P = 0.02), HVLT-R total recall subscale (r = -0.4, P = 0.007), Trails A (r = 0.4, P = 0.002), and Trails B (r = 0.4, P = 0.004). A linear regression model found that HVLT-R total score decreased by 0.372 points for each increased year of age. In women aged 50 years and older, there were no changes in cognitive function between those taking trospium and placebo. Cognitive function was correlated with age.

Relationship of systemic cytokine concentrations to cognitive function over two years in women with early stage breast cancer

Cancer and its treatment are frequently associated with cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI). While CRCI has been associated with linked to chemotherapy, there is increasing evidence that the condition may start prior to treatment and for some, remain unresolved after active treatment and into survivorship. Although the pathophysiology of the condition is complex, alterations in systemic cytokines, signaling molecules activated in response to infection or injury that trigger inflammation, are a possible mechanism linked to cognitive dysfunction in breast cancer and other conditions. Given the conflicting results in the literature, the lack of focus on domain specific cognitive testing, and the need for a longer time period given the multiple modalities of standard treatments for early-stage breast cancer, this longitudinal study was conducted to address these gaps. MethodsWe assessed 75 women with early-stage breast cancer at five points over two years, starting prior to the initial chemotherapy through 24months after chemotherapy initiation. Measures included a validated computerized evaluation of domain-specific cognitive functioning and a 17-plex panel of plasma cytokines. Linear mixed-effects models were applied to test the relationships of clinical variables and cytokine concentrations to each cognitive domain. ResultsLevels and patterns of cytokine concentrations varied over time: six of the 17 cytokines (IL-6, IL-12, IL-17, G-CSF, MIPS-1β, and MCP-1) had the most variability. Some cytokine levels (e.g., IL-6) increased during chemotherapy but then decreased subsequently, while others (e.g., IL-17) consistently declined from baseline over time. There were multiple relationships among cytokines and cognition, which varied over time. At baseline, elevated concentrations of G-CSF and reduced concentrations of IL-17 were associated with faster psychomotor speed. At the second time-point (prior to the mid-chemotherapy), multiple cytokines had significant associations with psychomotor speed, complex attention, executive function, verbal memory, cognitive flexibility, composite memory and visual memory. Six months after chemotherapy initiation and at the one-year point, there were multiple, significant relationships among cytokines and multiple cognitive. At two years, fewer significant relationships were noted; however, lower concentrations of IL-7, a hematopoietic cytokine, were associated with better psychomotor speed, complex attention, and memory (composite, verbal and visual). MCP-1 was inversely associated with psychomotor speed and complex attention and higher levels of MIP-1β were related to better complex attention. ConclusionLevels and patterns of cytokines changed over time and demonstrated associations with domain-specific cognitive functioning that varied over time. The observed associations between cytokines and cognitive performance provides evidence that not only prototypical cytokines (i.e., IL-6, TNF-α, and IL1-β) but also cytokines from multiple classes may contribute to the inflammatory environment that is associated with cognitive dysfunction. Future studies to better delineate the cytokine changes, both individually and in networks, are needed to precisely assess a mechanistic link between cytokines and cognitive function in women receiving treatments for breast cancer.

Brain injury in women experiencing intimate partner-violence: neural mechanistic evidence of an "invisible" trauma.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in women experiencing intimate-partner violence (IPV) is common, and IPV afflicts 30% of women worldwide. However, the neurobiology and related sequelae of these TBIs have never been systematically examined. Consequently, TBI treatments are typically absent and IPV interventions are inadequate. There has been a call for a comprehensive assessment of IPV-related TBIs and their relationship to aspects of women's cognitive and neural functioning. In response, we examined brain-network organization associated with TBI and its cognitive effects using clinical interviews and neuropsychological measures as well as structural and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) in women experiencing IPV-related TBI. We hypothesized that TBI severity would be related to poorer cognitive performance and be associated with structural and functional connectivity between cognitive networks previously implicated in other TBI populations. As predicted, severity of TBI was negatively associated with inter-network intrinsic functional connectivity indicative of TBI, between the right anterior insula and posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus (FLAME1+2; family-wise error-corrected Z>2.3, cluster- based p<0.05). This association remained significant when controlling for partner-abuse severity, age, head motion, childhood trauma and psychopathology. Additionally, intrinsic functional connectivity between the same regions correlated positively with cognitive performance on indices of memory and learning. These data provide the first mechanistic evidence of TBI and its association with cognitive functioning in women sustaining IPV-related TBI. These data underscore the need to address and consider the role TBI may be playing in the efficacy of IPV interventions ranging from emergency first responder interactions to specific treatment plans.

Changes in cognitive function in women with HIV infection and early life stress

ABSTRACTIntroduction: HIV is frequently associated with deficits in brain function, including memory, psychomotor speed, executive function and attention. Early life stress (ELS) has also been shown to have a direct influence on neurocognitive performance. However, little is known about the combined impact of ELS and HIV on neurocognitive function over time. The aim of the present study was to follow a cohort of affected women, allowing us to assess the effects of HIV and childhood trauma on cognition and the change in cognition over time. Method: A battery of neurocognitive tests was administered to 117 women at baseline and then a year later. The sample included a total of 67 HIV+ and 50 HIV− women, 71 with ELS and 46 without ELS. Controlling for age, education and antiretroviral therapy (ART) at baseline and 12-month follow-up, raw scores were compared across groups using a repeated-measures analysis of covariance. Results: More women were on ART at follow-up compared to baseline. Results revealed a significant combined HIV and childhood trauma effect over time on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (p = .003) and Category Fluency Test (p = .006). A significant individual HIV effect over time was evident on the WAIS-III Digit Symbol Test (p = .03) and the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (p = .003). Conclusion: Findings suggest better performance in abstract reasoning, speed of information processing and verbal fluency over time. While all groups showed improvements that may correspond to practice effects, effects of HIV and childhood trauma remained evident at 12-month follow-up despite greater ART uptake and improved HIV disease status. This is the first study to assess the combined impact of HIV and trauma on neurocognitive function over time in an all-female cohort with more advanced disease.

Adjuvant ovarian function suppression and cognitive function in women with breast cancer.

Background:To examine the effect on cognitive function of adjuvant ovarian function suppression (OFS) for breast cancer.Methods:The Suppression of Ovarian Function (SOFT) trial randomised premenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer to 5 years adjuvant endocrine therapy with tamoxifen+OFS, exemestane+OFS or tamoxifen alone. The Co-SOFT substudy assessed objective cognitive function and patient reported outcomes at randomisation (T0), and 1 year later (T1); the primary endpoint was change in global cognitive function, measured by the composite objective cognitive function score. Data were compared for the pooled tamoxifen+OFS and exemestane+OFS groups vs the tamoxifen alone group using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.Results:Of 86 participants, 74 underwent both T0 and T1 cognitive testing; 54 randomised to OFS+ either tamoxifen (28) or exemestane (26) and 20 randomised to tamoxifen alone. There was no significant difference in the changes in the composite cognitive function scores between the OFS+ tamoxifen or exemestane groups and the tamoxifen group (mean±s.d., −0.21±0.92 vs −0.04±0.49, respectively, P=0.71, effect size=−0.20), regardless of prior chemotherapy status, and adjusting for baseline characteristics.Conclusions:The Co-SOFT study, although limited by small samples size, provides no evidence that adding OFS to adjuvant oral endocrine therapy substantially affects global cognitive function.

Menopause and psychosis

There has been little research into the effects of menopause on symptoms, social and cognitive functioning in women with schizophrenia, and the results are controversial. The most replicated finding is that late-onset schizophrenia is more prevalent in women than in men and that this fact appears to be related to the diminution of estrogen levels during menopause.Estrogens have a known protective effect on CNS. Animal research has shown that estrogen has a modulating effect on the dopaminergic, glutamatergic and serotonergic systems.There are concerns about long-term use of sexual hormone therapy in postmenopausal women with regard to breast cancer risk, and the use of the selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMS's) can be a better option.Raloxifene is a SERM that is used in the preventive treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and has no effect in the breast and uterus. A number of studies seem to indicate that raloxifene acts on brain dopamine and serotonin systems in a similar way to conjugated estrogens.In this presentation, I will show the results of some clinical trials that have studied the efficacy of raloxifene as a coadjuvant treatment of patients with schizophrenia. Our team has done two clinical trials that studied the efficacy of 60 mg of raloxifene for the treatment of negative symptoms in postmenopausal women with schizophrenia. Our results showed that raloxifene improved the negative symptoms better than placebo. We concluded that raloxifene seems to be a promising option to treat some patients with schizophrenia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Predictors of Optimal Cognitive Aging in 80+ Women: The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study.

Independent predictors of preserved cognitive functioning and factors associated with maintaining high preserved cognitive function in women ≥ 80 years remain elusive. Two thousand two hundred twenty-eight women with a mean age of 85 years who participated in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study were classified as cognitively normal (n = 1,905, 85.5%), mild cognitive impairment (n = 88, 3.9%), dementia (n = 121, 5.4%) or other cognitive impairment (n = 114, n = 5.1%) by central adjudication. Global cognitive functioning was assessed using telephone interview for cognitive status-modified in those women who did not meet cognitive impairment criteria. Differences between women grouped by cognitive status with respect to each potential risk factor were assessed using chi-squared tests and t-tests. Backward stepwise logistic regression was used to select factors that were independently associated with cognitive status. Factors associated with preserved cognitive functioning were younger age, higher education, and family incomes, being non-Hispanic white, better emotional wellbeing, fewer depressive symptoms, more insomnia complaints, being free of diabetes, and not carrying the apolipoprotein E-epsilon 4 allele. Cognitively normal women who demonstrated sustained high preserved cognition were younger, more educated, and endorsed better self-reported general health, emotional wellbeing, and higher physical functioning. Addressing sociodemographic disparities such as income inequality, and targeting interventions to improve depressive symptoms and vascular risk factors, including diabetes, may play an important role in preserving cognition among women who survive to 80 years of age. Person-centered approaches that combine interventions to improve physical, cognitive, and psychosocial functioning may promote maintenance of high preserved cognitive health in the oldest-old.

Association of physical fitness and fatness with cognitive function in women with fibromyalgia

ABSTRACTThis study assessed the association of fitness and fatness with cognitive function in women with fibromyalgia, and the independent influence of their single components on cognitive tasks. A total of 468 women with fibromyalgia were included. Speed of information processing and working memory (Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task), as well as immediate and delayed recall, verbal learning and delayed recognition (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test) were assessed. Aerobic fitness, muscle strength, flexibility and motor agility were assessed with the Senior Fitness Test battery. Body mass index, percent body fat, fat-mass index and waist circumference were measured. Aerobic fitness was associated with attention and working memory (all, p < 0.05). All fitness components were generally associated with delayed recall, verbal learning and delayed recognition (all, p < 0.05). Aerobic fitness showed the most powerful association with attention, working memory, delayed recall and verbal learning, while motor agility was the most powerful indicator of delayed recognition. None of the fatness parameters were associated with any of the outcomes (all, p > 0.05). Our results suggest that fitness, but not fatness, is associated with cognitive function in women with fibromyalgia. Aerobic fitness appears to be the most powerful fitness component regarding the cognitive tasks evaluated.

Spotlight on the December 1 Issue

#### Notable in Neurology This issue features an article testing the hypothesis that cerebral amyloid angiopathy is related to Alzheimer dementia and the decline in multiple cognitive systems in older individuals and another determining whether raloxifene improves cognitive function in women with Alzheimer disease. A third article examines whether moderate alcohol intake reduces the risk of ischemic stroke. ### Amyloid burden and sleep blood pressure in amnestic mild cognitive impairment The authors determined whether cortical β-amyloid deposition was associated with circadian blood pressure profiles and dynamic cerebral blood flow regulation in 40 patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Patients with attenuated reductions in sleep …