Cognitive Function In Men Research Articles

Testosterone and cognitive function in ageing men: Data from the Florey Adelaide Male Ageing Study (FAMAS)

Objectives Recent evidence suggests that declining testosterone levels in ageing males may be associated with both normal and pathological cognitive ageing. The aim of the present analyses was to investigate whether endogenous gonadal steroid levels in males mediate or moderate the associations between age and performance on neuropsychological measures of verbal memory, executive function, and processing speed. Methods A cross-sectional analysis of the baseline data from 1046 community-dwelling men aged 35–80 years participating in the Florey Adelaide Male Ageing Study (FAMAS). Multiply adjusted analyses included participants’ history of medical conditions, anthropometric measurements, medication use, smoking status, alcohol use and mood. Hormone measurements included total testosterone (TT), bioavailable testosterone (BT), calculated free testosterone (cEFT), oestradiol (E2), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and lutenising hormone (LH). Neuropsychological tests included the Fuld Object Memory Evaluation (FOME), Trails A and Trails B. Results In multiply adjusted analyses, higher cEFT and TT levels were associated with both poorer verbal memory and executive function performance and faster processing speed. cEFT levels were found to moderate the relationship between age and verbal memory performance quadratically and to mediate the relationship between age and processing speed. Conclusion The results from this study suggest that higher levels of endogenous testosterone, particularly in the elderly, may have deleterious effects on cognitive functioning in men.

MP-22.07: Long-term androgen deprivation and cognitive function in men with prostate cancer

There is evidence that testosterone plays an important role in the modulation of cognitive function. The objective of this study was further examining cognitive abilities in men who underwent long-term treatment with GnRH-agonistic analogues for prostate cancer.

Atherosclerosis and cognitive function in men without clinical symptoms of cardiovascular risk

Atherosclerosis and cognitive function in men without clinical symptoms of cardiovascular risk

Testosterone improves spatial memory in men with Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment

To determine the efficacy of testosterone (T) supplementation on cognition in a sample of men with Alzheimer disease (AD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Fifteen patients with AD and 17 patients with MCI aged 63 to 85 years completed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Nineteen participants received weekly intramuscular (IM) injections of 100 mg T enanthate and 13 participants received weekly injections of placebo (saline) for 6 weeks. Cognitive evaluations using a battery of neuropsychological tests were conducted at baseline, week 3, and week 6 of treatment and again after 6 weeks of washout. Peak serum total T levels were raised from baseline an average of 295% in the active treatment group. Improvements in spatial memory (p < 0.05) and constructional abilities (p < 0.05) and verbal memory were evident in the T group. No changes were noted for selective and divided attention or language. Prostate specific antigen did not significantly change during this brief treatment. Testosterone supplementation may benefit selective cognitive functions in men with Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment.

Sex steroids and sexual desire in a man with a novel mutation of aromatase gene and hypogonadism

Sexual behavior was investigated by a sexological interview in a man with aromatase deficiency and hypogonadism. The study was performed at the end of a long testosterone treatment, during transdermal estradiol treatment and during estradiol and testosterone associated treatment. Sexual behavior did not show abnormalities. As assessed by a sexological interview and by a sexological questionnaire gender-identity was male, sexual orientation was heterosexual and libido was normal. Sexual function was limited to masturbation and was seemingly unaffected by testosterone or estradiol alone; only the associated treatment induced a great increase in libido and in frequency of masturbation and sexual fantasies when both testosterone and estradiol reached the range of normality. Sexual behavior is mainly under the control of cognitive functions in men, but sex steroids may modulate some aspects of male sexuality. Our findings suggest that in men estrogens could play a role in sexual activity.

Predictors of impaired cognitive function in men over the age of 80 years: results from the Health in Men Study

Leon Flicker, Osvaldo P. Almeida, John Acres, Max T. Q. Le, Raywin J. Tuohy, Konrad Jamrozik, Graeme Hankey and Paul Norman

Testosterone administration attenuates regional brain hypometabolism in women with anorexia nervosa

Abnormalities in brain metabolism have not been consistently well localized in anorexia nervosa (AN), and effects of specific therapies on these functional abnormalities have not been studied. Androgen replacement therapy improves mood, well-being and cognitive function in men with androgen deficiency. We therefore hypothesized that women with AN and relative androgen deficiency would exhibit regional brain hypometabolism compared with healthy controls, and that low-dose physiologic androgen replacement would attenuate the hypometabolism in some of these brain loci. We used FDG PET and statistical parametric mapping methods to investigate regional brain glucose metabolism in (1) 14 women with AN and 20 healthy control subjects of similar mean age and (2) women with AN after randomization to low-dose replacement testosterone therapy or placebo. Cerebral metabolism was decreased in the posterior cingulate, pregenual anterior cingulate, left middle temporal, right superior temporal, and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the AN group compared with controls. In AN patients receiving testosterone, cerebral metabolism increased in the posterior cingulate, subgenual anterior cingulate, premotor cortex, right caudate and right parietal lobes. In conclusion, our data demonstrate distinct loci of regional brain hypometabolism in women with AN compared with controls. Moreover, abnormalities in one of these regions—the posterior cingulate cortex—were attenuated towards normal with low-dose testosterone replacement therapy. Further study is warranted to replicate these findings, as well as to determine their physiological and clinical significance.

Testosterone administration attenuates regional brain hypometabolism in women with anorexia nervosa

Abnormalities in brain metabolism have not been consistently well localized in anorexia nervosa (AN), and effects of specific therapies on these functional abnormalities have not been studied. Androgen replacement therapy improves mood, well-being and cognitive function in men with androgen deficiency. We therefore hypothesized that women with AN and relative androgen deficiency would exhibit regional brain hypometabolism compared with healthy controls, and that low-dose physiologic androgen replacement would attenuate the hypometabolism in some of these brain loci. We used FDG PET and statistical parametric mapping methods to investigate regional brain glucose metabolism in (1) 14 women with AN and 20 healthy control subjects of similar mean age and (2) women with AN after randomization to low-dose replacement testosterone therapy or placebo. Cerebral metabolism was decreased in the posterior cingulate, pregenual anterior cingulate, left middle temporal, right superior temporal, and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the AN group compared with controls. In AN patients receiving testosterone, cerebral metabolism increased in the posterior cingulate, subgenual anterior cingulate, premotor cortex, right caudate and right parietal lobes. In conclusion, our data demonstrate distinct loci of regional brain hypometabolism in women with AN compared with controls. Moreover, abnormalities in one of these regions—the posterior cingulate cortex—were attenuated towards normal with low-dose testosterone replacement therapy. Further study is warranted to replicate these findings, as well as to determine their physiological and clinical significance.

RE: THE EFFECTS OF COMBINED ANDROGEN BLOCKADE ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION DURING THE FIRST CYCLE OF INTERMITTENT ANDROGEN SUPPRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH PROSTATE CANCER: Reply by Authors

No AccessJournal of UrologyLetters to the Editor1 Aug 2004RE: THE EFFECTS OF COMBINED ANDROGEN BLOCKADE ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION DURING THE FIRST CYCLE OF INTERMITTENT ANDROGEN SUPPRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH PROSTATE CANCER: Reply by Authors View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)61739-9AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "RE: THE EFFECTS OF COMBINED ANDROGEN BLOCKADE ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION DURING THE FIRST CYCLE OF INTERMITTENT ANDROGEN SUPPRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH PROSTATE CANCER: Reply by Authors." The Journal of Urology, 172(2), pp. 774–775 References 1 : Altered cognitive function in men treated for prostate cancer with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogues and cyproterone acetate: a randomized controlled trial. BJU Int2002; 90: 427. Google Scholar 4 : Persistent effects of prenatal, neonatal, or adult treatment with flutamide on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress response of adult male rats. Horm Behav1999; 35: 90. Google Scholar 5 : The effects of intrahippocampal testosterone and flutamide on spatial localization in the Morris water maze. Brain Res2001; 897: 44. Google Scholar 6 : The study of spatial memory in adult male rats with injection of testosterone enanthate and flutamide into the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala in Morris water maze. Brain Res2003; 972: 1. Google Scholar 7 : Neural androgen receptor regulation: effects of androgen and antiandrogen. J Neurobiol1999; 41: 505. Google Scholar 8 : Anticonvulsant effect of flutamide on seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole: involvement of benzodiazepine receptors. Epilepsia2003; 44: 629. Google Scholar 9 : Short term effects of flutamide administration on hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis in man. J Urol1988; 139: 637. Abstract, Google Scholar 10 : Androgen deprivation and cognition in prostate cancer. Br J Cancer2003; 89: 971. Google Scholar 11 : The effect of short-term estradiol therapy on cognitive function in older men receiving hormonal suppression therapy for prostate cancer. J Am Geriatr Soc2004; 52: 269. Google Scholar © 2004 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 172Issue 2August 2004Page: 774-775 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2004 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Intermittent androgen suppression may affect cognitive function in men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer,

Intermittent androgen suppression may affect cognitive function in men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer,

Intermittent androgen suppression may affect cognitive function in men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer,

Intermittent androgen suppression may affect cognitive function in men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer,

Testosterone replacement therapy in male hypogonadism.

In human males 6-7 mg of testosterone are secreted by the testes in a circadian rhythm with a nocturnal rise in testosterone followed by a decline during the day. Testosterone is necessary to induce and maintain secondary sexual characteristics, lean muscle mass, bone density and for normal sexual behaviour and cognitive function in men. Replacement therapy has been shown to be beneficial in men with overt hypogonadism. Natural testosterone should be used and not modified molecules. Testosterone is currently available in oral, intramuscular, subcutaneous and transdermal preparations. Recent advances in testosterone replacement therapy include testosterone gels which provide flexibility in dosing and minimal skin irritation resulting in good compliance, and the development of longer acting intramuscular preparations which result in more stable testosterone levels with longer injection intervals. All patients receiving testosterone should be carefully monitored for changes in hematocrit, liver function, lipid parameters and prostate specific antigen (PSA).This article reviews the current experience with the use of various forms of testosterone for the treatment of male hypogonadism.

Steroid hormones and cognitive functioning in aging men: a mini-review.

The decrease in testosterone (T) production in aging men has been well documented. Because the majority of circulating estradiol (E2) in men arises through aromatization of T, levels of E2 decrease as well with increasing age. It is also clear that some proportion of men develop impairments in aspects of cognition, particularly in explicit memory and language abilities with normal aging. Although there is a paucity of studies that have attempted to determine whether the decline in the endocrine and cognitive changes in older men are related, findings from the extant literature provide some support for the notion that estrogen is important for aspects of memory in aging men, just as it is in women, whereas T helps to maintain visuospatial abilities. More definitive conclusions on the relationship between the sex hormones and specific cognitive functions in men await more careful investigation in this area in the future.

Specific Features of Sexual Dimorphism of Human Cognitive Functions under Conditions of Age-Related Involution

Specific features of certain cognitive functions were studied under conditions of age-related involution. A total of 66 women and 45 men in three age groups (30–39, 40–49, and 50–60 years old) were examined. An automated method of testing of a number of cognitive functions was used. It was found that different rates of formation of a more deterministic system of information processing are a specific psychophysiological feature of sexual dimorphism under conditions of age-related involution. This explains the fact that, during aging, cognitive functions in men deteriorate earlier than in women. Involution processes of these functions can be prevented as a result of adaptive compensatory brain mechanisms, which are manifested as an enhanced level of stochastic organization of the system of information processing.

Estrogen and cognitive functioning in men with mild cognitive impairment

Although men do not experience an abrupt cessation of gonadal hormone production at midlife as do women, levels of testosterone (T) decrease gradually with aging. Because estradiol (E2) arises mainly from the conversion of T in men, the availability of E2 also decreases with increasing age. In randomized clinical trials, E2 replacement therapy has been shown to maintain aspects of cognition in postmenopausal women, specifically with regard to verbal memory. The present prospective, randomized, cross-over trial is being undertaken in order to determine whether E2 will enhance verbal memory in men with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Men with MCI will randomly receive E2 or placebo for the first 3 mo of treatment and will then be crossed-over to the other treatment for an additional 3 mo. A battery of neuropsychological tests will be administered at pretreatment and, again, following each 3-mo treatment phase. It is hypothesized that elderly men with MCI will perform better on tests of explicit memory when they are being treated with E2 compared to their performance under placebo conditions.

Associations between apolipoprotein E phenotype, glucose metabolism and cognitive function in men. An explorative study in a population sample.

To investigate the associations of the apolipoprotein E phenotype (apoE) and disturbed glucose metabolism with cognitive function in a random population sample. A cross-sectional study was conducted, in which 528 men aged 54 or 60 years were recruited randomly from a larger population-based sample of 1516 men. A subject was defined as having abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT), if he had a clinical diagnosis of diabetes, with either dietary or oral antidiabetic treatment or showed impaired glucose tolerance in an oral glucose tolerance test. The subjects were divided into three groups according to apolipoprotein E phenotypes: (a) E2/4, E3/4 or E4/4 (apoE E4); (b) E 3/3 (apoE E3); and (c) E2/2 or E2/3 (apoE E2). Memory function was examined using a word-list learning with Buschke's selective reminding method and test. Executive functions were assessed with the Trail Making Test A and B. Those subjects with apoE E2 and abnormal glucose metabolism demonstrated the worst cognitive executive control compared to other groups. Simple cognitive speed did not differ between the groups. The exploratory analyses revealed that subjects with apoE E2 allele and AGT had worse glycaemic control and cognitive executive control compared to other groups. Different apolipoprotein phenotypes together with impaired glucose tolerance may have different cumulative adverse effects on age-related cognitive performance. Some subgroups of subjects may be especially vulnerable to cognitive impairment.

Activational effects of testosterone on cognitive function in men

Objectives: The effect of testosterone (T) on sexual function in men is well established. However, less is known about its effects on cognitive function. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between T levels and sex-typed cognitive abilities in both eugonadal and hypogonadal men. Design: A single-blind placebo-controlled design was employed in this study. Methods: Thirty healthy eugonadal men and seven hypogonadal men participated in the study. Eugonadal men were randomised into one of two treatment regimens: (1) active group – receiving 200 mg of T enanthate i.m. weekly for 8 weeks (raising T levels into the supraphysiological range) or (2) placebo group – receiving 200 mg of sodium chloride i.m. weekly for 8 weeks. The hypogonadal group received the physiological replacement dose of 200 mg T enanthate i.m. bi-weekly for 8 weeks. All groups underwent a battery of neuropsychological tests and had circulating T measured at baseline, and at weeks 4 and 8 during treatment. Results: A significant time by group interaction effect was found in the measure of spatial ability (i.e., block design test) indicating that the active group's performance declined significantly at week 4, compared to placebo group ( F(4,64)=3.78, P<0.01). Conversely, the active group performed significantly better than the placebo group in the measure of verbal fluency (i.e., the Controlled Oral Word Association Test) at week 4 ( F(4,64)=2.54, P<0.05). No significant changes were found on any of the other tests. Generally, the hypogonadal group performed less well than the eugonadal groups on all tests. Conclusions: These results offer support to the notion that increased T has a differential effect on cognitive function, inhibiting spatial abilities while improving verbal fluency in eugonadal men.

Assessment of Cognitive Functioning in Men who Batter

The present investigation examined neuropsychological functioning in 50 male batterers court-ordered into treatment and 23 nonpatient controls. Subjects were administered a neuropsychological screening battery consisting of the Screening Test for the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery, the Stroop Color and Word Test, two memory subtests from the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery-III (Figural Memory and Delayed Figural Memory), and two subtests from the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery (Trails A & B). Subjects were categorized as having neuropsychological dysfunction if their scores exceeded the statistical cut offs on two or more subtests. Results indicated that 24 (48%) of the male batterers exhibited cognitive dysfunction, as compared to only 1 (4.3%) of the nonpatient controls. Inspection of individual neuropsychological measures indicated poorer performance across all subtests for impaired male batterers as compared to both nonimpaired batterers and normal controls. In contrast, no significant differences on any of these measures emerged between nonimpaired male batterers and normal controls. Implications for the appropriate screening and treatment of male batterers are discussed.

Smoking, drinking, and other life style factors and cognitive function in men in the Caerphilly cohort.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To examine the cognitive function in a large, ongoing cohort study of older men, and to identify associations with social and lifestyle factors. DESIGN: A cross sectional study...

Is there any evidence for a protective effect of antithrombotic medication on cognitive function in men at risk of cardiovascular disease? Some preliminary findings.

To explore whether antithrombotic medication may protect against cognitive decline, tests of verbal memory, attention, abstract reasoning, verbal fluency, and mental flexibility were administered to 405 men at risk of...