Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire Research Articles

Effect of Dialectical Behavior Therapy on Cognitive Emotion Regulation, Cognitive Flexibility, and Worry in Women With Depression: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Objectives This study aims to assess the effect of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) on cognitive emotion regulation, cognitive flexibility and worry in women with depression. Methods This is a randomized controlled clinical trial with a pre-test/post-test design. The study population consists of all women with depression referred to psychology clinics in Jahrom, Iran, in 2022. From three clinics of Hami, Rahgosha, and Fardaye Behtar, 30 women with a Beck depression inventory (BDI) score of 20-28 (moderate depression) were selected using a purposeful sampling method, and were randomly divided into intervention (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. Garnefski et al.'s cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire, Dennis and Vander Wal's cognitive flexibility questionnaire, Meir et al.'s Penn State worry questionnaire, and BDI were used to collect data. Data analysis was done using the analysis of covariance. Results The DBT had a significant effect on the study variables. It has caused an increase in adaptive CER strategies and cognitive flexibility and a decrease in maladaptive CER strategies and worry. Conclusion The DBT can be used to reduce worry and improve cognitive flexibility and adaptive CER strategies in depressed women.

Structural Modeling of Risk-Taking Behaviors Based on Attention Systems with the Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation in Substance Users

Objective: The aim of the current study was to determine the structural model of risk-taking behaviors based on the attention system with the mediating role of emotion regulation among substance users. Methods and Materials: This research was a descriptive-correlational study using structural equation modeling. The population included all marijuana users in Isfahan who visited addiction treatment centers in 2023. The sample comprised 250 marijuana users selected via convenience sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected using cognitive training software for attention and memory, the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), and a risky behavior questionnaire. Descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation were used to organize, summarize, and describe the data on participant characteristics and research variables. In the inferential statistics section, structural equation modeling and Pearson correlation methods were employed to analyze the data using SPSS 22 and AMOS 22. Findings: The model fit indices PCFI = 0.599, PNFI = 0.611, CMIN/DF = 2.88, RMSEA = 0.072, IFI = 0.913, CFI = 0.920, and GFI = 0.909 indicated a good fit of the proposed model with the data. Thus, the proposed model exhibited satisfactory fit. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that the structural model of risk-taking behaviors based on the attention system with the mediating role of emotion regulation is appropriate for substance users.

When you avoid your feelings, you may feel even worse: how depersonalization puts you at risk of depression.

The clinical form of depersonalization affects approximately 1%-2% of the adult population. This study aimed to describe the symptoms of depersonalization in a non-clinical sample and to operationalize depersonalization as a regulatory mechanism. This article introduces the Depersonalization Mechanism Scale, 41-item measure developed to assess one's tendency for depersonalization in response to overstimulation. The aim of the study is to explore how depersonalization mechanism is associated with cognitive and behavioral emotion regulation strategies, depression, and anxiety. The study included a sample of 300 Polish adults (149 men) from the general population, ranging in age from 18 to 60. Participants were administered the following questionnaires: Depersonalization Mechanism Scale (DMS), Behavioral Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (BERQ), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), Occupational Depression Inventory (ODI), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ), and Trait Anxiety Scale (SL-C). An exploratory factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure of Depersonalization Mechanism Scale, with very high reliability coefficients for both subscales and full scale. A regression analysis revealed that depersonalization mechanism is a significant predictor of depressive symptoms. Depersonalization mechanism is strongly correlated with maladaptive regulation strategies such as withdrawal, ignoring, rumination, catastrophizing, self-blame, and blaming others. Weaker but significant connections were identified with certain adaptive strategies: acceptance, positive refocusing, putting into perspective, and seeking social support. Women were more prone to depersonalization than men. Further research on depersonalization in non-clinical samples may improve understanding of this mechanism in the general population. This knowledge, combined with greater education about non-clinical forms of depersonalization, may support preventive programs against depression and professional assistance for people facing acute or chronic stressful life events.

Structural Modeling of Risky Behaviors Based on Attention, Memory, and Inhibition Systems with the Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation in Female Drug Users

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the structural model of risky behaviors based on attention, memory, and inhibition systems with the mediating role of emotion regulation in female drug users. Methods: This research was descriptive-correlational and employed structural equation modeling. The study population consisted of all drug users (marijuana) in Isfahan who visited addiction treatment centers during 2023. The sample included 200 female drug users (marijuana) selected through convenience sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected using the Attention and Memory Improvement Software, Wechsler's Clinical Memory Test, the Behavioral Inhibition and Activation Scales (Carver & White, 1994), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski & Kraaij, 2006), and the Risk-Taking Behavior Questionnaire (Lejuez, 2002). In this study, descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation were used to organize, summarize, and describe the characteristics of the participants and research variables. In the inferential statistics section, structural equation modeling and Pearson correlation methods were employed for data analysis using SPSS.22 and AMOS.22 software. Findings: Fit indices 0.599=PCFI, 0.611=PNFI, 2.88=CMIN/DF, 0.072=RMSEA, 0.913=IFI, 0.920=CFI, and 0.909=GFI indicated a good fit of the proposed model with the data. Hence, the proposed model is suitably fitted. Conclusion: Thus, it can be concluded that the structural model of risky behaviors based on the attention system with the mediating role of emotion regulation fits well for drug-using individuals.

Dialectical Behavior Therapy: Impact on Self-Harming Behaviors, Bullying, and Cognitive Emotion Regulation in Delinquent Teenagers

Objective: The increase in juvenile delinquency due to poor management and regulation of emotions and self-harming behaviors under the influence of bullying has become a significant issue in all societies. Accordingly, identifying the effects of therapeutic approaches that can play a role in this regard seems essential. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of Dialectical Behavior Therapy on self-harming behaviors, bullying, and cognitive emotion regulation in delinquent teenagers. Methods and Materials: This quasi-experimental study included a pre-test, post-test, and a control group. The statistical population consisted of all adolescents aged 12 to 18 years from the Tehran Juvenile Correction and Rehabilitation Center. Thirty adolescents from the center were selected using convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to two groups of 15 (experimental and control groups). The data collection tools included the Self-Harm Behavior Questionnaire by Klonsky and Glenn (2009), the Bullying Behavior Questionnaire by Espelage, Bosworth, and Simon (2000), and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire by Garnefski, Kraaij, and Spinhoven (2001). The data obtained from these questionnaires were analyzed using covariance analysis at a significance level of 0.01 with SPSS26 software. Findings: The results indicated that Dialectical Behavior Therapy was effective in reducing self-harming behaviors and bullying and increasing cognitive emotion regulation in delinquent teenagers (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Based on these findings, it is recommended to utilize and teach Dialectical Behavior Therapy techniques in correctional and rehabilitation centers to enhance cognitive emotion regulation and reduce bullying and self-harming behaviors in delinquent teenagers.

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Unified Transdiagnostic Therapy and Reality Therapy on Social Information Processing and Emotion Regulation in Students with Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

Objective: Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD), classified under depressive disorders, leads to functional impairments across various domains and a reduction in mental health during adulthood. The current study aimed to compare the effectiveness of unified transdiagnostic therapy and reality therapy on social information processing and emotion regulation among students with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. Methods and Materials: The research employed a quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up assessments, including a control group. The sample consisted of all 8 to 11-year-old boys diagnosed with DMDD in Isfahan, along with their mothers, who visited the Superior Counseling Center and the Child and Adolescent Home affiliated with the Isfahan Municipal Cultural, Social, and Sports Organization in Spring 2022. Forty-five participants were selected through purposive sampling and then randomly assigned into three groups of fifteen (two experimental and one control group). Research Tools: The research instruments included the Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Diagnostic Scale – Parent Form (DMDDS) (Shahmohammadi et al., 2021), Social Stories (Turkospa & Bryan, 1994), and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski, 2007). The experimental groups received separate interventions (unified transdiagnostic therapy and reality therapy), each consisting of ten 60-minute sessions for the students and thirty-minute sessions for the parents, while the control group received no intervention. Data Analysis: The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 and repeated measures analysis of variance. Findings: The results indicated that both unified transdiagnostic therapy and reality therapy significantly improved social information processing and both positive and negative emotion regulation in students with DMDD at post-test (p < .01), and these effects were maintained at follow-up (p < .001). No significant difference was found between the two therapeutic methods in this regard. Only the goal clarification aspect of unified transdiagnostic therapy was effective at post-test, showing greater efficacy than reality therapy, though the effectiveness of both therapies was not significant at follow-up. Conclusion: Given the effectiveness of unified transdiagnostic therapy and reality therapy on social information processing and emotion regulation in students with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, both therapies can be utilized in clinics and specialized counseling centers to improve outcomes for students with this disorder.

An investigation into the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between cognitive emotion regulation and quality of life among young couples

Purpose: Research shows resilience is an important factor in a number of groups exposed to danger and plays a very vital mediating role in the appearance of many psychological disorders.The current study was carried out with the aim of examining the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between cognitive emotion regulation and quality of life among young couples. Method: This is a correlational study, the statistical population of which includes all married students of Islamic Azad University of Shahroud, out of whom 45 couples were selected using convenience sampling. Then, Conner-Davidson Riesilience Scale (CD-RISC) (2003), Garnefski, Kraaji and Spinhoven Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) (2001) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL) were completed by the participants. The data were analyzed with the Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression. Results: The findings indicate cognitive emotion regulation and the quality of life are significant positive predictors of resilience. Resilience has a significant mediating role in the relationship between cognitive emotion regulation and the quality of life among couples. Conclusion: According to the results it can be said the strategies used by couples to regulate their emotions can be a highly determining factor in their resilience, which leads to a higher quality of life. Improving the positive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation can be taken for preparing interventions and educational programs of resilience into attention.

Effectiveness of Maher’s Fluid Intelligence Psycho-Educational Intervention Package on Cognitive Emotion Regulation in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Maher’s fluid intelligence psycho-educational intervention package on improving cognitive emotion regulation in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Methodology: This research was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population included 10-12-year-old boys with ADHD who had visited counseling and psychological service centers for children in Tehran during the first half of 2023. From this population, 30 participants were selected through multistage cluster sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The data collection tools included the Conners’ Parent Rating Scale-Revised (CPRCBP) and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children (CERQ-K-P). The experimental group underwent 10 sessions of 45-minute group interventions, while the control group remained on the waiting list. Findings: Results of the Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the increase of adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies, specifically positive refocusing and refocus on planning, and the decrease of maladaptive strategies (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of adaptive strategies such as acceptance, positive reappraisal, and perspective-taking (p>0.05). Conclusion: Maher’s fluid intelligence psycho-educational intervention package effectively improves emotional regulation and cognitive performance in children with ADHD. By enhancing fluid intelligence and working memory, this intervention helps children better manage the challenges associated with ADHD and achieve better emotional regulation.

Modeling Anxiety Sensitivity Based on Early Maladaptive Schemas and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies with the Mediating Role of Parenting Styles

Objective: Although most young individuals transition from adolescence successfully and without encountering significant issues, there can be challenges and obstacles during this period that prevent the full utilization of one's abilities and potential. The present study aimed to model anxiety sensitivity based on early maladaptive schemas and cognitive emotion regulation strategies with the mediating role of parenting styles. Methods and Materials: This research is of a correlational type. The sample included 100 mothers of first-grade students from the city of Shiraz during the 2018-2019 academic year, selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. The sample size, based on Kline's (2010) criterion, was determined by selecting five individuals per item, resulting in a selection of 570 participants. Data were collected using the Taylor and Cox Revised Anxiety Sensitivity Index, the short form of Young's Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire, the Garnefski and Kraaij Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and Diana Baumrind's Parenting Styles Questionnaire. To obtain preliminary information on the measured variables, statistical indices such as mean and standard deviation, as well as the correlation matrix of the variables, were calculated. SPSS and Amos software were used to analyze the data and examine the proposed research model. Findings: The results of the study indicated that parenting styles played a mediating role in the relationship between exogenous variables (maladaptive schemas, maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, and adaptive emotion regulation strategies) and anxiety sensitivity. Conclusion: Given the impact of maladaptive schemas on psychological disorders, it is recommended that schema therapy workshops be held for all patients suffering from depression and anxiety.

The Causal Model of Cognitive Emotion Regulation: Maladaptive Early Schemas and Parenting Styles

Objective: The aim of this study was to predict adolescents' cognitive emotion regulation strategies based on the mothers' maladaptive early schemas and their parenting styles. Methods and Materials This descriptive correlational study involved a randomly selected cluster sample of 406 high school students (comprising 200 girls and 206 boys) from Tabriz. Data were collected using three scales: Young's Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF), the short form of the Persian version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for adults (CERQ-P), and the Family as a Social Context Scale by Skinner. The collected data were analyzed using correlational statistics and structural equation modeling. Findings: The results confirmed the role of mothers' maladaptive early schemas and their parenting styles in the formation and application of their children's cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that when parents' schemas are adjusted, it leads to the selection of effective parenting methods, which in turn increases adolescents' use of positive cognitive emotion regulation strategies.

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Reality Therapy on Emotional Regulation and Self-Efficacy in Women Seeking Divorce

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive-behavioral therapy and reality therapy on emotional regulation and self-efficacy among couples seeking divorce. Methods and Materials: The present research was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design, including a control group. The population consisted of all couples seeking divorce referred by the judiciary to the psychodynamic center of Jolfa city from spring to winter 2021. The sample comprised 60 individuals chosen through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to three groups of 20. Following sampling, two experimental groups received either group mindfulness-based cognitive-behavioral therapy in eight 90-minute sessions (weekly) or group reality therapy in eight 90-minute sessions (weekly), while the control group received no intervention. Data were collected using the Garnefski and Kraaij Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-P-short) and the Sherer Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (DCI-SF). Data analysis was performed using mixed repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests with SPSS version 24. Findings: The findings indicated that there was a significant difference between the overall means of emotional regulation and self-efficacy in both the mindfulness-based cognitive-behavioral therapy and reality therapy groups, with mindfulness-based cognitive-behavioral therapy having a greater impact on emotional regulation and self-efficacy (P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, both mindfulness-based cognitive-behavioral therapy and reality therapy are effective in improving emotional regulation and self-efficacy among women seeking divorce. However, it can be said that mindfulness-based cognitive-behavioral therapy is preferable to reality therapy.

Regulation of positive and negative affect: Associations with stress and resilience in health professions students

The study aimed to establish the relationship between affect regulation strategies, perceived stress, and resilience in health professions students. A total of 181 undergraduates participated in the survey. The instruments used were Brief Resilience Scale, Responses to Positive Affect Scale, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale. The analyses indicated that reappraisal performed as a positive predictor of resilience, whereas rumination and dampening - as negative predictors with dampening effect being the strongest. Dampening, rumination, and self-blame predicted perceived stress positively and reappraisal predicted it negatively. Perceived stress fully mediated rumination-resilience relationship. The study show that regulation of negative affect via rumination, self-blame, reappraisal, and down-regulation of positive affect via dampening, but not its up-regulation, were associated with students' perceived stress and resilience. Tendencies to reappraise negatives experiences boosts resilience, but self-blaming, ruminating and suppressing positive ones make students vulnerable to negative appraisals and experience of stress with the latter presenting as the strongest risk factor for their adaptability. Implications of implementing emotion regulation skills in psycho-education to enhance students' resilience are discussed.

COGNITIVE EMOTION REGULATION STRATEGIES IN RELATIONSHIP WITH CPTSD SYMPTOMS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE VICTIMS

Objective. The article is devoted to the peculiarities of traumatisation of victims affected by domestic violence. The subject is the nature of the relationship between strategies for cognitive regulation of emotions and symptoms of complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD). The impact of mental trauma, which is the basis of CPTSD, gives rise to cognitive distortions in a person, manifested in constant or periodic intense experiences of fear, helplessness, guilt, shame, anger, that is, it leads primarily to emotional disturbances and difficulties with relationships.
 Methodology. Method or methodology for carrying out work. The study was carried out using the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). The respondents were 99 people aged from 18 to 61 years with experience of domestic violence. The methods used were descriptive analysis, checking the normality of variables using the Kolmagorov-Smirnov test, and C. Spearman’s correlation analysis.
 Results. It has been shown that the severity of CPTSD symptoms is positively associated with such coping cognitive regulation of emotions as «rumination» and «catastrophizing», and negatively associated with «positive reappraisal».
 Practical implications. The results are applicable to the process of providing crisis and rehabilitation psychological assistance to victims of domestic violence.

Mental Healthcare through Cognitive Emotional Regulation Strategies among Prisoners.

Prisoners are exposed to a deprived environment, which triggers mental illness and psychological problems. Abundant research has reported that mental illness problems, suicide, aggression, and violent behaviors occur in incarcerated people. Although the mental healthcare system for incarcerated people is emphasized, little research has been conducted due to their limited environment. In particular, the regulation of negative emotion is significantly associated with mental illness and anti-social and violent behaviors. However, mental healthcare through cognitive emotional regulation based on cognitive behavioral therapy has not been fully investigated. This study identified four different patterns in cognitive strategies for regulating negative emotions. Cognitive emotional regulation strategies (i.e., self-blame, other-blame, rumination, catastrophizing, putting into perspective, positive refocusing, positive reappraisal, acceptance, and refocus on planning) were examined and addressed their vulnerable psychological factors. We analyzed a total of 500 prisoners' responses to the cognitive emotional regulation questionnaire (CERQ) by latent class profiling analysis. A four-class model was identified based on the responses of CERQ. In addition, the significant effect of depression on classifying the four classes was found. Furthermore, differences in the average number of incarcerations were also shown across four classes. In conclusion, Class 2 (Negative Self-Blamer) uses dysfunctional/negative strategies that may place the group at a high risk of psychological disorder symptoms, including depression and post-traumatic stress. Class 3 (Distorted Positivity) uses positive/functional strategies but seems to utilize the positive strategies in distorted manners to rationalize their convictions. Class 1 (Strong Blamer) and Class 4 (Moderator Blamer) showed similar patterns focused on the "other-blame" strategy for regulating negative emotion, but they are at different levels, indicating that they attribute incarceration to external factors. These findings provide useful information for designing mental healthcare interventions for incarcerated people and psychological therapy programs for clinical and correctional psychologists in forensic settings.

Assessment of Multiple Dimensions of Psychological Well-Being in Swiss Youth Born with a Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate

Objective This study examines the psychological well-being of Swiss youths born with a unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), in a multi-dimensional and clinical perspective. Design Retrospective cross-sectional study. Setting Self-report questionnaires completed by youths born with UCLP, followed at a specialized cleft clinic in Switzerland, and by peers without UCLP, recruited in schools of the Vaud county, Switzerland. Participants Youths aged 7.5 to 16, born with UCLP (clinical group, n = 41, 29.2% female) or without UCLP (control group, n = 56, 49.0% female). Outcome measures Adverse life events (ALE; Adverse Life Events), behavioral and emotional symptoms ( Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and Post-Traumatic Checklist Scale), bodily self-esteem ( Body Esteem Scale), quality of life ( Kidscreen-27), emotion regulation ( Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire), social support ( Sarason's Social Support Questionnaire). Results Most outcomes showed no significant group-difference. Compared to matched peers, youths with UCLP reported lower psychological quality of life and social support satisfaction, along with positive factors of fewer ALE and lower non-adaptive emotion regulation. In youths with UCLP, higher scores for ALE were associated with higher total scores for behavioral and emotional symptoms. Higher scores for bodily self-esteem were associated with higher scores for satisfaction of social support and adaptive emotion regulation. Conclusions Youths with UCLP show globally similar psychological well-being as matched peers. We observed some vulnerabilities but also protective factors, which support the need for psychological perspective within multidisciplinary care. The relationships between dimensions suggest specific targets that may have an impact in context of intervention.

Relationship between Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies and Mental Health among Media Professionals in Conflict Zones

خلفية الدراسة ومشكلتها: بحسب اليونسكو فإنّ عدد القتلى من الصحفيين زاد للضعف في السنة الأخيرة عمّا قبلها، وهذا يعكس بوضوح مدى خطورة عملهم وأثره على صحتهم الجسدية والنفسية، ويظهر هذا التأثير في نمط نومهم، وتركيزهم، ومزاجهم وغير ذلك الأهداف: الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو تحديد العلاقة بين استراتيجيات التنظيم الانفعالي المعرفي وبين الصحة النفسية، لدى الإعلاميين في مناطق النزاع الطرق المستخدمة: شملت هذه الدراسة 146 إعلاميًا تم تقييم جميع المشاركين باستخدام استبانة التنظيم الانفعالي المعرفي وقائمة مراجعة الأعراض - 90 – المنقحة. تم حساب متوسط جميع الأبعاد (الأعراض النفسية) ووجد أنّه 1.36 (SD = -0.167) والمتوسط 1.01 و1.66 للبعدين السابع (القلق الرهابي) والثامن (التفكير بجنون العظمة) على التوالي. وبناءً على نقطة القطع (1.33)، كانت معظم الأبعاد أعلى بكثير من المتوسط، مع مستوى معتدل من الأعراض النفسية (الجسدنة، واضطراب الوسواس القهري، والحساسية الشخصية، والاكتئاب، والتفكير بجنون العظمة، وأعراض عامة أخرى). وكان متوسط جميع أبعاد التنظيم الانفعالي المعرفي 3.39 (SD = 417) وكان متوسط البعد التاسع (إعادة التركيز على التخطيط) 2.7. ومتوسط البعد الخامس (الوضع في الاعتبار) فكان 4.17. وفقًا لنقطة القطع (1.33)، وجميع الأبعاد أعلى من المتوسط النتائج: أظهرت النتائج أنّ معظم هذه الأعراض (لوم الذات، إلقاء اللوم على الآخرين، الاجترار، التهويل، القبول، وإعادة التركيز على التخطيط) في مستويات معتدلة، وباقي الأعراض كانت في مستويات معتدلة الاستنتاجات (التوصيات والمساهمة): هناك علاقة واضحة بين استراتيجيات التنظيم الانفعالي المعرفي المستخدمة من قبل الإعلاميين والأعراض النفسية الناتجة عنها

Cognitive Coping Strategies among Inpatient Adolescents with Depression and Psychiatric Comorbidity.

There were 112 adolescents with MDD who were admitted to hospital and 78 healthy adolescents included in the study. The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) was used to assess nine specific cognitive coping strategies. A cognitive coping style model for depression in adolescents was described by analysing the differences between the two groups. The CERQ scores in MDD participants, grouped by comorbidity, were also assessed. Adolescents with MDD had significantly higher scores for Self-Blame and Catastrophising strategies, and significantly lower scores for Positive Refocusing, Refocusing on Planning, and Positive Reappraisal. Adolescents with MDD and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) traits had significantly higher scores for Rumination, Catastrophising, and Blaming Others than adolescents with MDD and anxiety or with no comorbidity. Clinical depression in adolescents is associated with a cognitive profile that consists of an increased use of maladaptive coping styles and low employment of adaptive strategies. Early identification can contribute to the development of specific, individualised prevention and intervention programmes, while further longitudinal studies are necessary to adequately measure the outcome of these interventions.

Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire-short (CERQ-P-short): Reliability, validity, factor structure, treatment sensitivity, and measurement invariance

AimsThis study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of a widely-used measure of emotion regulation, the short version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-short), in the Persian language (CERQ-P-short) among Iranian populations. MethodsThe CERQ-P-short was administered to 1825 participants (female = 974) including 436 adolescents, 834 adults from the general population, 45 patients each with generalized anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders, an additional 30 patients each with generalized anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders receiving treatment, 45 patients with substance use disorders (SUDs) and an additional 360 adult psychiatric patients. We tested reliability, factor structure, measurement invariance, convergent and discriminant validity, and treatment sensitivity (i.e., intervention response) by age, sex, and diagnostic group. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 was also administered. ResultsCronbach's alpha coefficient and test-retest coefficients suggested good reliability. Fit indices suggested that the 9-factor CERQ-P-Short model was good across groups. The CERQ-P-Short showed good measurement invariance in all four models (configural, metric, scalar, and strict) in all groups. Both adaptive and maladaptive cognitive emotion-regulation strategies demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity. Finally, treatment sensitivity of the CERQ-P-Short scale before and after the completion of treatment sessions was suggested for patients with generalized anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders. ConclusionsWhile the present study has some limitations, it represents a significant contribution because it supports CERQ-P-Short scales usefulness, validity, and reliability in the general population and among psychiatric patients. The results of the current study can be beneficial to the both clinicians and researchers.

Emotion Regulation Predicts Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents: A Prospective Study.

Emotion regulation as a proximal factor has been linked with depressive symptoms. However, studies have mainly focused on a limited number of strategies and have mostly been cross-sectional in design. This is particularly evident when examining the protective effects of adaptive strategies. This study aimed to investigate the prospective relationship between putatively adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms among adolescents. Additionally, a person-oriented approach was applied to identify latent classes of adolescents based on their depressive symptoms and compared these classes in terms of their adaptive and maladaptive strategies. Two waves of data from a prospective study, which included 1371 youth (mean age: 15.66 years; SD = 0.49 years; 55.1% girls), were analysed. The two points of data collection were spaced approximately half a year apart. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and putatively adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies were assessed with the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Seven strategies (acceptance, positive refocusing, positive reappraisal, putting into perspective, self-blame, rumination, and catastrophizing) were categorised into adaptive and maladaptive factors using exploratory structural equation modeling. After controlling for gender, age, and depressive symptoms at Time 1, both maladaptive and adaptive emotion regulation strategies at Time 1 predicted depressive symptoms at Time 2. Three subgroups emerged based on the intensity of depressive symptoms across the waves: the stable low, stable moderate, and stable high depressive symptom groups. The use of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies (such as rumination, self-blame, and catastrophizing) at Time 1 was more pronounced in the stable moderate and high symptom groups compared to the stable low depressive symptom group. The comparable prospective associations between putatively adaptive and maladaptive strategies with symptoms suggest the need to identify factors that may mitigate the negative impact of maladaptive emotion regulation and/or promote adaptive emotion regulation to buffer the effects of everyday stressors.

Hubungan Kelekatan Ayah dengan Regulasi Emosi pada Wanita Dewasa Awal yang Bekerja dan Belum Menikah

In facing the developmental tasks of early adulthood, good emotional regulation is required in order to effectively manage emotions while dealing with various demands. Especially among young adult women, as young adult women tend to have more demands in early adulthood compared to young adult men. The demands of these developmental tasks are best faced by having good emotional regulation in order to avoid psychological issues while fulfilling developmental tasks. The objective of this research is to examine the relationship between father attachment and emotional regulation in young adult women The research method employed is quantitative with a correlational design. The research included 213 participants, specifically young adult women aged 18-25 years, who were unmarried and employed, selected through incidental sampling method. The scale used to measure father attachment is the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), and the scale used to measure emotional regulation is the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). The data analysis method employed was Spearman's Rho. The research results indicate a significant positive relationship between father attachment and emotional regulation in young adult women (r= 0,285 and sig.=0,000). The more secure the attachment between fathers and young adult women, the higher the emotional regulation they possess. Thus, the hypothesis in this research is accepted. It is hoped that young adult women can continue to develop emotional regulation effectively to cope with the demands of early adulthood and prevent the emergence of issues during this developmental stage.