Cognitive Economy Research Articles

Methodical approaches to providing sustainable development of the transport industry management system based on self-organization

Current conditions of the cognitive economy formation demand to take into account the leading role of information, knowledge and human capital in the development of the transport industry management system. The article substantiates the conceptual approach to the self-organization of a management system on the basis of innovative changes. Human capital is the key aspect of self-organization, so the directions of improving the workforce quality are justified. Basing on the information-innovative genesis of the process of self-organization, the authors justified the necessity of preventing asymmetric information. For this pupose the actions against the resistance to innovations were proposed. The implementation of certain measures contributes to the effective development of the transport management system.

Concessive and semifactual interpretations during reasoning with multiple conditionals.

The present research evaluates how people integrate factual 'if then' and semifactual 'even if' conditional premises in an inference task. The theory of mental models establishes that semifactual statements are represented by two mental models with different epistemic status: 'A & B' is conjectured and 'not-A & B' is presupposed. However, following the principle of cognitive economy in tasks with a high working memory load such as reasoning with multiple conditionals, people could simplify the deduction process in two ways, by discarding: (a) the presupposed case and/or (b) the epistemic status information. In Experiment 1 and Experiment 2, we evaluated each of these hypotheses. In Experiment 1, participants make inferences from two conditionals: two factual conditionals or one factual and one semifactual, with different representations. In Experiment 2, participants make inferences with a factual conditional followed by two different semifactual conditionals that share the same representations but differ in their epistemic status. Accuracy and latency data suggest that people think of both the conjectured and the presupposed situations, but do not codify the epistemic status of either when the task does not require it. The results are discussed through theoretical predictions about how people make inferences from different connected conditionals.

Semantic Ambiguity Explained in the Framework of Cognitive Economy

In “Context and Communication” Stephen Neale argues that the referential use of descriptions differs from the attributive use only in the pragmatics, making referential descriptions applicable to Russellian analysis. Marga Reimer disagrees with Neale’s view and argues that the difference is in the semantics, making referential descriptions semantically ambiguous. In this paper, I argue that Neale’s Modified Occam’s Razor overlooks the behavioral data of how we actually use language. I attempt to accommodate the strength of both Neale’s and Reimer’s explanations, putting them in a framework governed by the principle of cognitive economy

I Love That Company: Look How Ethical, Prominent, and Efficacious It Is—A Triadic Organizational Reputation (TOR) Scale

Within the corporate social responsibility (CSR) research field, the construct of organizational reputation has been extensively scrutinized as a crucial mediator between the firm CSR engagement and valuable organizational outcomes. Yet, the existing literature on organizational reputation suffers from substantive divergence between the studies in terms of defining the construct’s domain, dimensional structure, and the methodological operationalization. The current study aims to refine the organizational reputation construct by reconciling varying theoretical perspectives within the construct’s definitional landscape, suggesting a holistic but parsimonious triadic view on the organizational reputation construct for customer stakeholders. Based on commonly used extant organizational reputation measures, we theoretically and empirically develop the customer-based triadic organizational reputation (TOR) scale and position it as a superordinate multidimensional construct (generalized favorability) influencing three distinct first-order dimensions: product and service efficacy, societal ethicality, and market prominence. Results show that the proposed triadic conceptualization of organizational reputation is theoretically defensible, and the resulting scale is cross-culturally generalizable and performs well compared with existing, longer measures of organizational reputation. Together, the organizational reputation model developed here suggests that, for cognitive economy and functional efficiency, customers will access a second-order reflective model of organizational reputation as the default implicit attitude (reputation as assessment), which in turn will activate reflections of the implicit attitude in the form of first-order dimensions (reputation as asset).

Semantic Ambiguity Explained in the Framework of Cognitive Economy

Semantic Ambiguity Explained in the Framework of Cognitive Economy

The Cognitive Economy: An approach to Developing the Faculties of Education Competitive Abilities

The current study aimes at recognizing the cognitive economy reality at the faculties of education and the effect of its dimensions on developing the competitive abilities of the faculties of education. The two researchers used the perspective method . Two questionnaires were prepared. The first one was applied on a sample of staff members at the faculties of education, which it concluded (117) person in order to; recognize the reality of the cognitive economy at the faculties of education and the effect of its dimensions on developing their competitive abilities. The second questionnaire was applied on the same previous sample in order to; recognize the requirements of the cognitive economy at the faculties of education to increase its competitive abilities. The study came down to several results, most important of which were the agreement of the sample individuals, as whole, that ,the requirements of the cognitive economy at the faculties of education that increase its competitive abilities, were represented in evolving information technology and telecoms, the curriculum, the service and research programs, enabling staff members to participate in the activities of information mobility of human principals among universities, giving students the technological skills concerning the international markets and sharing at the unions of the pioneering international universities in the field of information technology and telecoms. The researcher concluded with setting a suggested proposal that included aims, fundamentals, mechanisms and guarantees to achieve the cognitive economy as an Approach to developing the competitive abilities of the faculties of education.

Reflection, Epistemic Value and Human Flourishing

In this paper, we discuss two recurring themes in Sosa's work, reexamined in Judgment and Agency (Sosa, 2015) from a new angle, i.e. the place and importance of reflection in the cognitive economy of the epistemic agent, and epistemic value. Regarding the latter, Sosa suggests that knowing full well, which necessarily involves reflection, has value because it contributes to human flourishing. Although Sosa's “new virtue epistemology” appears very promising in explaining different intuitions regarding epistemology and demonstrating that it is possible to join reliabilist and responsibilist accounts of virtue epistemology, we believe that solving the value problem requires further clarification in order to truly explain the value of knowledge.

Нанобиоэкономика как фактор инновационного развития России

The present work deals with development of new post-industrial knowledge economy, as the higher level of development of economic matter. Economic science is gaining a new cognitive form in connection with intensive development and humanization of economic knowledge, complement and expand it at the expense of biology, physiology, psychology, physics, mathematics and other Sciences. Cognitive economy, as one of the areas of existence of the new knowledge economy, based on the discoveries and achievements of science and cognitive abilities of the person directly involved in identifying, obtaining and registration of new economic knowledge necessary to further its (knowledge) reproduction. Identified new creative area economic whom knowledge — nanobioeconomy, combining progressive reproduction biotechnology wealth of biomass of plant and animal origin with the analysis of the behavior of the human person in the process of production and economic activity. Identified key economic structure of the new economy — nanobiocluster as regional meso-economic functional system, described his organization, principles of operation, characterized by its economic efficiency; on this basis, developed a new innovative antirecessionary entrepreneurship strategy.

The integration of exemplars and prior knowledge in the extension of schematic constructions: evidence from Chinese emerge-hide construction

In the extension of schematic constructions, there is a correlation between the novel instances' degree of semantic deviance from the central members and their chronological order of appearance. Innovations in this process are not without limit. Neither of the two observations has been convincingly addressed in previous studies, which have been based on either the prototype view of categorization, which lacks informativeness, or exemplar view of categorization, which lacks cognitive economy. A categorization model that includes concrete instances and abstractions benefits from the advantages of both categorization views, while minimizing their weaknesses. This approach, when integrated with knowledge effects, sheds light on the mechanism behind the extension of schematic constructions, a process that is driven by the interaction between prior knowledge and exemplars. On the one hand, attraction to exemplars may lead to innovation. On the other hand, constructional prior knowledge regulates the innovations. That is, because of the anchoring role of constructional prior knowledge, innovation remains conservative. This is clearly evidenced by the history of the Chinese emerge-hide (EH) construction, which is traced back to before the 6th century BC.

The management system of cognitive economics

The article contains various definitions of cognitive economy. An economy based on knowledge, should be provided by a modernized management system, which allows solving the problems of modern organizations in their functioning and development. The modern control system can effectively influence the cognitive economy through the highlighted items at the levels of the organization, thereby forming a complex of facilities management. The knowledge economy relies on the laws of the globalization, different directions of development of science and practice of management, prediction of the future, as well as the changes taking place in today’s business environment. In such an environment of modern society business is seen as an experiment. Various theories and management concepts are developed and supplemented with the changes in the life of people, organizations, industries and countries. Knowledge management concepts and theories are needed for technology of managerial work. In the era of cognitive economy, a manager must have the ability to use existing knowledge of management innovations applied to a particular situation, as well as to select areas of knowledge application for the development of the organization.

The negotiation of discourse relations in context: Co-constructing degrees of overtness

AbstractThis paper examines the linguistic realization of discourse relations in the discourse genre of commentary. Based on a “bare” source text from which all extraclausal constituents had been removed, the linguistic realization of discourse relations is compared across three dyadically co-constructed experimental texts. The methodological framework integrates Segmented Discourse Representation Theory with functional grammar and psycholinguistic models of discourse processing, and describes discourse relations (DRs) that tend to be indexed implicitly only, that is, via intraclausal cues, and others that tend to be indexed with a mix of intra- and extraclausal cues. Continuation and Result; Continuation and Elaboration; and Elaboration, Explanation, and Background show some overlap in their definitions, and that is why their realizations may remain vague unless they are supplemented with extraclausal cues. Salience can account for the overspecifications observed, while underspecifications may be accounted for in terms of cognitive economy.

The Prototype of Indicators of a Responsive Partner Shapes Information Processing: A False Recognition Study

ABSTRACTWhen judging whether a relationship partner can be counted on to “be there” when needed, people may draw upon knowledge structures to process relevant information. We examined one such knowledge structure using the prototype methodology: indicators of a partner who is likely to be there when needed. In the first study (N = 91), the structure, content, and reliability of the prototype of indicators were examined. Then, using a false recognition study (N = 77), we demonstrated that once activated, the prototype of indicators of a partner who is likely to be there when needed affects information processing. Thus, the prototype of indicators may shape how people process support-relevant information in everyday life, affecting relationship outcomes. Using this knowledge structure may help a person process relevant information quickly and with cognitive economy. However, it may also lead to biases in judgments in certain situations.

The Motivation of Ellipsis

The article seeks the motivations of ellipsis from three perspectives: physiology, cognition and pragmatics. In total, there are seven principles which can account for necessity, reasonability, usefulness and importance of ellipsis. These principles constitute the motivations of ellipsis including the principle of information efficiency coding, the principle of information constancy, the principle of cognitive economy, the principle of prominence, cooperative principle, relevance theory and the principle of intentionality.

Formalization of Human Categorization Process Using Interpolative Boolean Algebra

Since the ancient times, it has been assumed that categorization has the basic form of classical sets. This implies that the categorization process rests on the Boolean laws. In the second half of the twentieth century, the classical theory has been challenged in cognitive science. According to the prototype theory, objects belong to categories with intensities, while humans categorize objects by comparing them to prototypes of relevant categories. Such categorization process is governed by the principles of perceived world structure and cognitive economy. Approaching the prototype theory by using truth-functional fuzzy logic has been harshly criticized due to not satisfying the complementation laws. In this paper, the prototype theory is approached by using structure-functional fuzzy logic, the interpolative Boolean algebra. The proposed formalism is within the Boolean frame. Categories are represented as fuzzy sets of objects, while comparisons between objects and prototypes are formalized by using Boolean consistent fuzzy relations. Such relations are directly constructed from a Boolean consistent fuzzy partial order relation, which is treated by Boolean implication. The introduced formalism secures the principles of categorization showing that Boolean laws are fundamental in the categorization process. For illustration purposes, the artificial cognitive system which mimics human categorization activity is proposed.

L3 acquisition: A focus on cognitive approaches

Interest in third language (L3) acquisition has increased exponentially in recent years, due to its potential to inform long-lasting debates in theoretical linguistics, language acquisition and psycholinguistics. From the very beginning, researchers investigating child and adult L3 acquisition have considered the many diverse cognitive factors that constrain and condition the initial state and development of newly acquired languages, and their models have duly evolved to incorporate insights from the most recent findings in psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics and cognitive psychology. The articles in this Special Issue of Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, in dealing with issues such as age of acquisition, attrition, relearning, cognitive economy or the reliance on different memory systems – to name but a few – provide an accurate portrayal of current inquiry in the field, and are a particularly fine example of how instrumental research in language acquisition and other cognitive domains can be to each other.

Individual differences in cognitive economy and mental health

Individual differences in cognitive economy and mental health

In-group clustering by the agent based on the principle of cognitive economy

In-group clustering by the agent based on the principle of cognitive economy

Cognitive systems for intelligent business information management in cognitive economy

This paper will present new theoretical and applied solutions for intelligent data analysis and information management in the fields of cognitive economics. Intelligent data analysis and information management are performed by information systems called cognitive systems, dedicated for semantic interpretation of acquired business information. To interpret the meaning of the analysed data, complex linguistic algorithms must be used, based on which it is possible to find the core information elements for business processes forecasting and economical knowledge management. The presentation of selected methods of semantic data analysis in cognitive economy, which allow to perform both local and global information management forms the main subject of this paper. Here, semantic analysis methods are dedicated to cognitive economics problems, namely the interpretation, analysis and assessment of the meaning of selected sets of economic/financial ratios. The meaning of the interpreted data sets is assessed by analysing the layers of meaning contained in data analysed sets. Obtained semantic information may be used in future business processes evaluation and forecasting.

Towards cognitive economy

This publication discusses new development directions of cognitive economics charted based on cognitive processes of financial data analysis. Semantic analysis tasks will be dedicated to cognitive economics systems. Such systems, which semantically analyse the economic situation of enterprises/organisations/business structures, execute their tasks using semantic information available to them (contained in data sets). The foundation for the operation of economic cognitive systems consists in both the semantic analysis of the situation of an enterprise described by various economic/financial ratios and the assessment of the future situation of this enterprise. Hence cognitive economics is geared towards the semantic analysis of the economic/financial situation of enterprises carried out by means of an in-depth description, an analysis, a reasoning and a projection of the future condition of enterprises. The subject of cognitive economics discussed for the purpose of indicating and elaborating on the directions of this discipline and of semantic analysis of economic/financial data goes hand in hand with the currently growing trend of soft computing. Methods of semantic analysis, just like e.g. neural networks, were developed by researchers inspired by the operation of the human mind. The cognitive, decision-making, reasoning, understanding and prediction processes running in this mind have become the basis for attempts to create information systems analysing various data. This type of analysis, based on extracting semantic aspects and information from the analysed data sets has been aimed at using computational methods to help solve various problems. Since such solutions are dedicated to bioinformatics, cognitive informatics and artificial intelligence, it appeared likely that they could also be used in economics. It is in this regard that the development of semantic data analysis methods (dedicated to economic/financial problems) puts cognitive economics in the same group with all other scientific disciplines making use of soft computing techniques.

Cultural determinants of infection control behaviour: understanding drivers and implementing effective change

Despite dealing with biomedical practices, infection prevention and control (IPC) is essentially a behavioural science. Human behaviour is influenced by various factors, including culture. Hofstede's model of cultural dimensions proposes that national cultures vary along consistent dimensions which can be grouped and scored as specific constructs. Studies have reported that three Hofstede constructs--power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity--show significant association with several key performance indicators relevant to IPC and antibiotic stewardship. In addition, national meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) levels within Europe correlate well with general quality-of-care indices, including preventive strategies and patient rights. This suggests that IPC may be simply a microcosm of overall quality and safety standards within hospitals and countries. Effective improvement would therefore need to address underlying and embedded core cultural values relevant to patient safety and quality of care. Successful IPC strategies are likely to be those that are compatible with the cultural background where they are implemented. To this end, content analysis of many current IPC improvement tools identifies elements of strong compatibility with cultures that are low in uncertainty avoidance and power distance, and high in individualism and masculinity. However, this cultural combination is largely restricted to Anglo-Saxon countries, where most of the recent improvements in healthcare-associated infection (HCAI) incidence have taken place. There is a paucity of research on IPC behaviour change in different cultural backgrounds, especially countries that score high for power distance and/or uncertainty avoidance. This information is vital to inform IPC campaigns in these countries, which often show high HCAI prevalence.