Stages Of Cognitive Development Research Articles

Media education in Waldorf/Steiner schools

This article explores the distinctive approach to media education in Steiner/Waldorf Schools, focusing on delayed introduction of electronic media. Addressing a research gap, the article highlights the unique developmental phases guiding media pedagogy, combining direct and indirect media education and the so called “media maturity tower.” A central focus is the alignment of media pedagogy with the cognitive developmental stages of students. There are three distinct phases addressed in connection with different topics within the school curriculum. These phases underscore the educational commitment to age-appropriate media engagement and enable a comparison between the rather critical stance taken by Steiner/Waldorf Schools and the current trends regarding the use of media in education. The article highlights the need for further research on the long-term impact of the developmental approach here described on students’ media interactions in adulthood.

Проявления речевых компетенций у русскоязычных жителей-монолингвов Республики Тыва в условиях естественного тувинско-русского билингвизма

This article features monolingualism in the Tuvan-Russian bilingual community. Language acquisition, especially when it is the second language, follows psychological rather than linguistic patterns, e.g., assimilation and imitation. In this research, we made an attempt to study the individual psychological features of speech as a higher mental function. Our respondents positioned themselves as monolinguals and denied that they had an opportunity to practice their second language. The research objective was to identify and record some linguistic competencies in the Tuvan language in Russian monolinguals, as well as to conduct a qualitative analysis of their language skills. We used such diagnostic methods as clinical interview, observation, and questionnaires to obtain data on some linguistic competencies in the second non-native language spoken by monolinguals. While profiling a typical linguistic personality, we recorded some linguistic competencies in the second language that the respondents were not aware of. In the linguistic environment of the Tyva Republic, monolingualism is possible only at the early stages of cognitive development. In ontogenesis, it transforms into psychological bilingualism, and then into multilingualism. The Russian-speaking monolinguals of the Tuva Republic develop their speech competencies in a natural bilingual environment. As a result of the natural bilingual environment, Russian-speaking monolinguals develop unconscious speech competencies that actually make them bilinguals.

College health centers: An update on medical issues

College health centers are an important source of health care for large numbers of young adults throughout the country. With 16.9 million students enrolled in 2023 in post-secondary institutions in the United States, the potential impact that health centers at these institutions have is significant. Late adolescence and early adulthood is a particularly vulnerable stage of both cognitive and psychosocial development, and college health centers that provide comprehensive medical and mental-health care play an important role in providing comprehensive care for this age group. As we move into a post-pandemic era, colleges and universities across the country continue to navigate all the changes that have been brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. It is perhaps now more important than ever to review and assess the clinical care college health centers provide, who they provide this care to, and identify opportunities for improvement and where there may be need for change.

Analysis of Students' Creative Thinking Levels in Rhythmic Gymnastics Learning

This study aims to look at the creative thinking level of Sentolo 4 Middle School students, Kulonprogo Yogyakarta, in rhythmic gymnastics learning where the characteristics of the class students should be included in the operational cognitive development stage of the format. At this stage, children or students can handle hypothetical situations and their thinking processes are no longer dependent on things that are real and have logical reasoning, which can generate ideas. Also able to think logically, think with formal theoretical thinking based on propositions, and be able to conclude. The sample in this study was 58 students of class VII and VIII (30 students of class VII and 28 students of class VIII) at SMP 4 Sentolo, Kulonprogo Yogyakarta. The instrument used was in the form of essay questions which were distributed to the samples with a total of 22 questions consisting of 10 fluency thinking or problem solving questions, and 12 flexible thinking questions. The results obtained are that students who are in the Very Creative, Creative, and Quite Creative categories can only be drawn into conclusions, namely in class VII there are 24 students (80%), and in-class VIII there are 21 students (85, 71%), it can be said that these students have fulfilled the indicators of flexible thinking and fluency thinking in other words as a whole in the Creative category.

The Multiple Functionality of Input Material in Learning: Environment, Knowledgeable Guide, and Mediators of Social Interaction

Learning materials often play a significant role in the learning process, but their specific roles can vary depending on the situation. Based on Vygotsky’s (1978) sociocultural theory and Piaget’s (1952) stages of cognitive development, we can propose three channels through which children learn: the environment, more knowledgeable individuals, and intermediaries of social interaction. Surprisingly, learning materials can assume all three roles in different situations. A child's environment determines the learning materials and resources they have access to. When students learn without the involvement of a teacher, the learning materials become their source of knowledge. Teachers and peers also utilize learning materials as intermediaries during instruction.

Improving Mastery of Indonesian Vocabulary through Music Mnemonic Method and Picture Cards in Elementary School

At this time, the subject of Indonesian is not a compulsory subject in schools. However, mastering Indonesian vocabulary still requires more work for many students. The complex information in the linguistic rules of the language subject in Curriculum 2013 makes it difficult for students to memorize. This study aims to improve grade 4 Indonesian vocabulary mastery in elementary school through music mnemonic and picture card methods. The research design used was a quasi-experimental study with a between-subject design. The between-subject design is an experimental research design involving two or more groups given different treatments. The design used in this study was a pre-test-post-test control group design. The participants were 30 students aged 9-11 with Indonesian vocabulary mastery scores below the average. The results showed an increase in Indonesian vocabulary mastery through music mnemonic and picture card methods for grade 4 students in elementary school. The group with music mnemonics has the highest score due to the multimodality of various memorization methods that impact the chunking effect on working Memory so that new information can more easily enter the Long-Term Memory. It is concluded that the use of accrostic-type mnemonic techniques has a significant effect on students’ memory level. This study provides input to teachers and schools to combine several methods in providing learning in accordance with children's cognitive development stage.

Systematic Review of Misconceptions in Kinematics: Identification, Causes, and Remediation

The purpose of this study was to find out the topics that become students' misconceptions in kinematics, the causes that can trigger misconceptions, and the remediation used to overcome these misconceptions. The method used in this research was the systematic review method. Based on the data analysis, it was found that the biggest misconception among students was in straight motion. Several causes trigger the emergence of misconceptions in kinematics, where the causes that often arise come from the students themselves, namely, students' preconceptions or initial conceptions, students' abilities, students' cognitive development stages, wrong intuitions, and students' reasoning. The remediation that was often used to remediate misconceptions was the use of learning models, for instance, generative models.

Integrasi Teori Perkembangan Kognitif Jeanpiaget dan Perkembangan Bahasa Vygotsky dalam Pembelajaran: Pemahaman dan Penerapan di Sekolah

Education has an important role in shaping children's development, especially in terms of cognition and language. In the cognitive development literature, Jean Piaget's theory and Lev Vygotsky's theory of language development have become two significant approaches in understanding how children learn, think, and communicate. This article combines these two theories and discusses their application in the context of learning in schools. Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development emphasizes the stages of intellectual development that play a role in children's understanding of the world. In a learning context, this understanding can help teachers develop a curriculum that is appropriate to students' cognitive development stages. Meanwhile, Vygotsky's theory of language development highlights the role of social interaction and the environment in children's language development. The application of this theory includes a collaborative approach to learning that encourages more effective communication and language interaction in the classroom.

Teori Jean Piaget vs Lev Vygotsky dalam Perkembangan Anak di Kehidupan Bermasyarakat

Child development in the context of social life is a complex and important topic in developmental psychology. Two theories that have greatly influenced the understanding of children's development in social settings are those of Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky. Jean Piaget's theory explains the urgency of the role of cognition in children's development. Piaget describes children constructing their own knowledge through stages of cognitive development. In the context of social life, Piaget's theory highlights how children acquire and adapt knowledge through interaction with their social environment. Children learn by exploring, asking questions, and building knowledge with peers and adults. Meanwhile, Lev Vygotsky emphasized the role of the social environment in children's development. His theory introduced the concept of real developmental fields, where children can learn from interactions with more experienced people. In social life, Vygotsky suggested that children can develop cognitive and social skills through cooperation with adults and peers. This reinforces the idea that learning is a social process that takes place in a social context. The combination of Piaget and Vygotsky's theories helps us understand how children develop an understanding of their social world and how the social environment plays an important role in this process. Through purposeful exploration and interaction in community life, children can build the foundation of social knowledge and skills needed to thrive and become contributing members of society.

The Cultural Production of the Educated Person: A Case Study the New Student Admision in Pangkalpinang Bangka

The purpose of this article is to produce new findings or the development of existing theories stating that “the more mature the child the easier it will be for the teacher to teach”. The findings from this research can be used to provide criticism and information for policy, education, and teachers and parents regarding whether children should enter school at the age of 6 and why parents must comply with state regulations on new student admission process (PPDB). The research was conducted in Pangkalpinang, Bangka Belitung Island Province. The researcher observes 4 schools, 7 homeroom teachers of first grade, 4 principles and 235 students of first grade. The technique in collecting data in this article are structured interview and participant observation. This study uses qualitative research method through anthropological approach using ethnography. Finally, the data analysis technique in this article uses reduction, display and verification of data. The article asks whether the culture of school in Bangka Island promote or hinders the principle of the proper age of School. We found that Jean Piaget’s stages of cognitive development have influenced the proper age for school in Bangka Island. The authors believe that Bangka follows the cultural global construction in determining the proper age of a child to enter the elementary school. Keywords: Cultural Production, Student Admission Process, School Age

Proses Akuisisi Bahasa Kedua pada Anak

This study focuses on the process of language acquisition, which is limited to children's language acquisition. The purpose of this research is to describe and analyze the process of language acquisition. For children aged 06. Data was collected using technical methods and Collect data step by step by interviewing your child's parents directly. Data collection, data analysis and presentation of analysis results. Results It was concluded that the factors that influence language acquisition in children are: Age factor, because at a young age it is easier for a child to master language. second; Elements of the first language (mother) because the first language has a great influence on grammar Different; Environmental factors, the environment is a very important factor to obtain The tongue of a six year old child acquires the language he often hears. environment, especially family, friends and society; biological and cognitive factors; Children under the age of 6 years are still in the stage of biological and cognitive development. Language acquisition - very often the addition and subtraction of words in pronunciation, It is natural and over time a child, even a child and more mature, both biologically and cognitively.

Cognitive and Child Language Development and Involvement in Learning

This article examines two important stages in the process of children's learning development, namely cognitive development and linguistic development, which is usually called language. The teacher's capacity to incorporate the qualities and uniqueness of each child into the learning process is essential because each child possesses these qualities in two interdependent growth processes. Appropriate learning strategies and techniques will be provided by teachers who are aware of their students' developmental needs to promote good cognitive and linguistic growth. The aim of this research is to investigate Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development. This research uses a literature review study method (Library Research). Based on the findings of this study, Jean Piaget offered a new theory that each stage of a child's cognitive development is different and has its own characteristics. Piaget emphasized the importance of actual direct involvement in the subject being studied when learning occurs. Additionally, Piaget urged all educators to help students move through the many phases of cognitive development in an orderly and accurate manner. This article also shows that teachers can act as facilitators and motivators to support the growth of these two aspects of learning.

Analysis of How the Music Curriculum Can Contribute to the Implementation of Quality Education from a Cognitive Developmental Perspective

As the demands on childrens quality development grow, music is gradually becoming a way of developing good morals. The purpose of this paper is to analyse how the music curriculum can contribute to the implementation of quality education from a cognitive developmental perspective based on existing literature and research results. With regard to music education, three aspects are analysed: humanistic, aesthetic and practical. Concerning cognitive development, it is analysed through four stages of cognitive development. The result shows that the music curriculum has largely improved the cognitive, intellectual and psychological abilities of students, and the application of cognitive development theory in education has improved teachers teaching methods, together contributing to the development of quality education. The application of theory in education has led to a steady shift in the educational paradigm towards a focus on individual differences and a greater student-centred approach. According to research, there is a direct correlation between musical quality and cognitive growth. The aesthetic foundation of the music curriculum is stressed, with a goal of encouraging qualitative growth. Teachers have a solid theoretical foundation to work from when they change lesson plans because of the theory of cognitive development.

MORAL REASONING AND INTENTION TO PERFORM UNETHICAL BEHAVIOUR OF LECTURERS IN MALAYSIA

The process of deciding what is right or wrong in a particular scenario is known as moral reasoning. Moral reasoning is important as it will help to shape an individual’s intention whether to perform or not to perform an unethical behaviour. This study will examine the level of moral reasoning of lecturers in public universities of Malaysia and examine its relationship to intention to perform unethical behaviour. The Defining Issues Test 2 (DIT2) via N2 scores was used to measure the level of moral reasoning of lecturers. Intention to perform unethical behaviour was measured using ethical dilemmas scenarios. Online survey was sent to 30 lecturers of the Faculty of Business/ Management from 20 public universities. 130 responses were received, and data collected was sent to the Centre for the Study of Ethical Development University of Alabama for reliability test, scoring and analysis, as it is copyrighted. Only 83 responses passed the DIT2 reliability test and was then used for further analysis. The result shows that the N2 score of lecturers is at the low level of 23.39 which falls in Kohlberg’s Cognitive Moral Development stage 2 and 3 representing the personal interest schema. The study also found that moral reasoning of lecturers does not affect their intention to perform unethical behaviour. This could be because the level of moral reasoning of lecturers are at a low level and thus do not affect intention to perform unethical behaviour. Thus, efforts should be taken to develop the moral reasoning to a higher level such as exposing them to ethics courses and ethics training program that can increase their cognitive moral development to a higher level so that they do not only focus on self but also on law, social order and universal ethical principles.

Lo storytelling come elaborazione cognitiva delle esperienze in bambini con DSA

This article aims to explore a linguistic dimension’s aspect that significantly characterises human forms of communication: the ability to elaborate stories. Since narration represents the main cognitive tool involved in the data of experience storage operation, the proposal is to identify the intrinsic pedagogical potential that resides in it. Starting with an investigation of the cognitive properties underlying their interpretation on a narrative level, brain mechanisms underlying the act of writing are observed. A conceptual reformulation of the narrative experience as an educational strategy is suggested: this idea made it possible to develop a linguistic analysis of narrative processes in a group of children with specific learning disorders or other fragilities. Narrative constitutes a space for a recapitulation of experiences during the child’s stages of cognitive development. The elements of the storyworld are interwoven, resulting in an overall representation of the narrated events. The texts produced highlight the need to narrate an own autobiographical experience and the conviction that our link with storytelling is the only possibility of constructing contexts of meaning.

Developing Basic English Module for Junior High School to Promote Students’ Cognitive Development

A module is a supplementary tool for existing teaching materials, allowing students to engage in independent learning by exploring the concepts presented within the module. This approach can enhance students' competence and foster their enthusiasm for the subject. The research aims to ascertain the English material requirements of seventh-grade students at SMPN 4 Bandar Lampung and create a comprehensive English curriculum for this grade level at the abovementioned school. The ADDIE model was utilized to achieve the stated objectives. The need analysis was carried out before the creation of the material. Based on the expert judgment of the material, it has been determined that the average score (X) is 3.6. The score is classified as good due to its placement within the 3.5 < X < 3.75 interval. However, there are two aspects that experts believe require further improvement. These aspects include enhancing the accessibility of the module's materials for students to comprehend and ensuring that the illustrations align with the content presented in the module. To enhance the comprehensibility of the module's content for students, the expert recommended providing more explicit instructions for each step of the activities students must undertake.Regarding the illustrations provided per the module's content, experts have recommended incorporating additional illustrations to enhance the module's level of engagement. Based on the expert judgment and evaluation of the presentation, it has been determined that the average score (X) is 3.75. Based on the obtained score, the categorization can be deemed satisfactory, as the value of X falls within the interval of 3.5 < X < 3.75. The expert has recommended an enhancement of the references or supporting materials. The expert recommended incorporating additional references to enhance the comprehensiveness of the module. Based on the expert judgment of the material, it has been determined that the average score (X) is 3.75. Based on the obtained score, it can be classified as satisfactory, as the X value falls within the 3.5 < X < 3.75 range. The expert recommended one aspect for improvement, specifically regarding the alignment of language usage with the student's cognitive development stage. The expert posited that certain languages may present a level of complexity that surpasses students' cognitive abilities. Consequently, it is recommended that these languages be modified or adapted to better align with the student's learning capacities.

THE USE OF INTERACTIVE STORYBOOK WITH DEMONSTRATION AS A SUPPLEMENTAL TOOL IN TEACHING THEORIES OF CHILD DEVELOPMENT: AN ACTION RESEARCH

This study aims to measure the effectiveness of an interactive storybook with demonstrations as a supplemental tool in teaching theories of child development. The researchers implemented their own storybook and a sixty (60) item questionnaire, with ten (10) questions for each theory of Freud's 3 Components of Personality and Psychosexual Stages, Erikson’s psycho-social stages of development; Piaget’s stages of cognitive development; Kohlberg’s stages of moral development; Vygotsky’s language and zone of proximal development; and Bronfrenbrenner's ecological system theory. The participants of this study are the students from the Bachelor of Secondary Education of UM Digos College for the School Year 2022-2023 who have already taken EDUC 101: Child and Adolescent Development subject. The result of the study revealed that there is a significant difference in the pre-test (x̄=19.84, SD=11.44) and post-test (x̄=52.36, SD=2.72) scores of students; t(21) = -13.389, p = 0.000. In addition, the innovation increased students’ overall performance by 62.15%, indicating that the created innovation is effective. Overall, the result revealed that using a storybook with demonstration allows students to increase their performance in child development theories. Based on the findings, the researchers concluded that using the aforementioned supplemental tools would aid the teachers in delivering the concepts of child development theories.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0057/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Ontogeny of working memory and behavioural flexibility in the free movement pattern (FMP) Y-maze in zebrafish

The acquisition of executive skills such as working memory, decision-making and adaptive responding occur at different stages of central nervous system development. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are increasingly used in behavioural neuroscience for complex behavioural tasks, and there is a critical need to understand the ontogeny of their executive functions. Zebrafish across developmental stages (4, 7, 14, 30 and 90 days post fertilisation (dpf)), were assessed to track development of working memory (WM) and behavioural flexibility (BF) using the free movement pattern Y-maze (FMP Y-maze). Several differences in both WM and BF were identified during the transition from yolk-dependent to independent feeding. Specifically, WM is evident in all age groups, even from 4 dpf. However, BF is not developed until larvae start free feeding, and show significant improvement thereafter, with young adults (90 dpf) demonstrating the most well-defined BF. We demonstrate, for the first time, objective WM processes in 4 dpf zebrafish larvae. This suggests that those wishing to study WM in zebrafish may be able to do so from 4 dpf, thus drastically increasing throughput. In addition, we show that zebrafish follow distinct stages of cognitive development and age-related changes during the early developmental period. Finally, our findings indicate distinct WM and BF mechanisms, which may be useful to study for translational purposes.

BECOMING AN IDEAL PERSON TODAY: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ABDUL KARIM AL-JILI'S AND JEAN PIAGET'S THOUGHT ON THE PERFECT HUMAN

Research on Islamic studies will always continue and will continue to grow. This paper compares Abdul Karim al-Jili's and Jean Piaget's thoughts on the perfect human, especially in the tasawwuf. Al-Jili divides the levels insan kamil into three stages: al-bidayah, at-tawasuth, and al-khitam. From each step of becoming an ideal person, there is a part of the stage that humans must go through mujahadah, riyadoh, ma’rifat, mortal', musyafah, and musahadah. Meanwhile, to achieve Piaget's theory emphasizes the learning process according to the pattern of individual cognitive development stages. According to Piaget, the learning process consists of three steps: assimilation, accommodation, and equilibration. In practice, there are at least six methods applied in shaping human behavior: right ways (uswah hashanah), training and habituation, taking lessons (ibrah), advice (mau’idzah), discipline, and independence.

Using Photovoice Method in Elementary Natural Science Learning

The world and technology are constantly changing and developing rapidly. Every human being in various sectors is competing with each other to find new knowledge and new technology that can make human life easier. Various inter-sectoral collaborations have become a worthy and interesting finding to study because of their usefulness. One of them is the use of photographic techniques in the field of education which become a method called photovoice. The use of this method can be an alternative to learn natural sciences in elementary schools. Elementary school students are at the stage of cognitive development, namely the concrete operational stage that requires interaction with concrete objects that useful to form understanding. This is library research with a literature review method that aims to describe the meaning, benefits, method of implementation and photovoice assessment. So that later everyone can use it as learning method, especially in elementary natural science learning. Photovoice aims to gain insight because this activity is not just an activity of taking photos but also discussing them in group situations. Photovoice has many benefits which is suitable to master 21st century educational competencies, such as creativity, critical thinking, collaboration, and communication skills. Photovoice is implemented through group learning by taking photos or pictures, providing photo narration and presenting them. The photovoice assessment uses a rubric with five assessment aspects, including; specifications, composition, visuals, image quality and narration.