Cognitive Brain Activity Research Articles

Coming Back from A Severe Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH)

Globally, severe postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) continues to be a major factor in maternal mortality and morbidity. Beyond the immediate life-threatening complications of hypovolemic shock, organ failure, and potential death, survivors of severe PPH may endure a profound and prolonged journey marked by both physical and psychological anguish. The neurobiological sequelae following severe bleeding, including potential cognitive impairment and abnormal brain activity patterns, underscore the gravity of this condition’s impact on mental health. Survivors were frequently seen to have depression, psychological disorders such as Tokophobia (fear of childbirth), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), affecting maternal bonding and family dynamics. Furthermore, drastic reproductive health consequences, such as Asherman and Sheehan syndromes, may result in infertility, menstrual irregularities, and hormonal imbalances, profoundly altering a woman’s sexuality, marital connexions, and future fertility desires. Effective management of PPH, including uterotonics, bleeding control measures, and advanced surgical interventions, is essential to mitigate immediate risks; however, the enduring impact on physical, psychological, and reproductive health warrants comprehensive long-term care and targeted psychosocial support. This review emphasizes the need for multidisciplinary strategies to enhance recovery outcomes and improve women’s quality of life when managing the severe PPH consequences.

Старение мозга: ключевые теории и нейрофизиологические инсайты

<p>In recent years, the problem of brain aging is becoming more and more relevant due to the increasing proportion of elderly people in the population. One of the key issues in this area is the study of the effect of aging on cognitive functions and brain activity, since these functions play an important role in everyday life and determine a person’s ability to lead a full, independent life and adapt to a changing environment. The aim of this article was to review foreign literature concerning the main theories of cognitive aging such as the frontal cortex aging theory, compensatory theories, reserve theory, sensory deprivation theory, information processing speed reduction theory and inhibitory influence deficit theory. Particular attention is paid to the neurophysiological aspects of aging. The literature search was carried out by keywords using the Google Scholar and PubMed databases. The reviewed results of neurocognitive studies allow us to identify structural and functional changes in the brain during aging, which can help clinical specialists differentiate “normal” aging from possible signs of brain diseases and develop a more individual approach if necessary to correct cognitive impairment.</p>

Co-developing sleep-wake and sensory foundations for cognition in the human fetus and newborn.

In older children and adults, cognition builds upon waking sensory experience which is consolidated during sleep. In the fetus and newborn, sensory input is instead largely experienced during sleep. The nature of these sensory inputs differs within sleep, between active and quiet sleep, as well as versus wakefulness. Here, sleep-wake organisation in the fetus and newborn is reviewed, and then its interaction with sensory inputs discussed with a focus on somatosensory and auditory modalities. Next, these ideas are applied to how neurological insults affect early development, using fetal growth restriction as a test case. Finally, the argument is made that taking account of sleep-wake state during perinatal functional neuroimaging can better index sensorimotor, language, and cognitive brain activities, potentially improving its diagnostic and prognostic value. To sum up, sensory and sleep-wake functions go hand in hand during early human development. Perturbation of these twinned functions by neurological insults may mediate later neurodevelopmental deficits. Perinatal neuroimaging has the potential to track these trajectories, feasibly identifying opportunities to therapeutically intervene.

Moral Reasoning And Human Psychology: Exploring The Cognitive, Behavioural, Personality, Emotions & Biological Underpinnings Of Ethical Choices

The complex interactions between cognitive functions, emotions, personality traits, sociocultural factors, neurobiology, and psychopathology provide the psychological foundation of moral judgments. This study attempts to explore the ways in which these many facets of the human psyche mould and impact moral judgments. Emotions like guilt and empathy influence moral decisions, but cognitive processes such as logic and intuition are also important for navigating moral quandaries. These mental processes assist individuals in weighing options, considering consequences, and arriving at ethically sound decisions, frequently guiding them when emotions alone may lead to impulsive or unreasonable conclusions. Conscientiousness and agreeableness are two important personality qualities that influence moral decisions. Conscientious people act with responsibility and honesty, frequently upholding moral standards. Agreeable people, motivated by empathy and collaboration, are more inclined to think about the well-being of others while making ethical decisions. Together, these characteristics assist to shape one’s ethical predispositions, encouraging prosocial and moral behaviour. Moral norms emerge within unique socio-cultural contexts, reflecting the values, beliefs, and traditions of a particular culture. These cultural factors alter what is considered right or wrong, resulting in varying moral judgments across various communities. Practices that are moral in one culture may be judged differently in another, illustrating the fluidity and relativity of ethical norms as they change to historical, religious, and sociological contexts. This variation highlights the complexities of morality around the globe. Neuroscience research has discovered distinct neural pathways and brain regions involved in moral cognition, providing insight into the biological foundation of moral judgments. Various parts of the brain, which are associated with emotional processing, play important roles. These findings indicate that moral decisions are not only philosophical or cultural, but also biological in nature, incorporating both cognitive and emotional brain activities. This research aims to provide light on the intricate structure of moral judgement and its implications for ethical theories by looking at these interconnected parts. Comprehending the psychological foundations of morality can enhance theoretical frameworks and offer valuable perspectives for enhancing moral education and promoting ethical conduct in diverse social contexts. In order to promote a more complex understanding of human morality, this thorough analysis aims to close the gap between psychological science and ethical philosophy.

The impact of a walnut-rich breakfast on cognitive performance and brain activity throughout the day in healthy young adults: a crossover intervention trial

A healthy diet is essential for optimal brain health and many bioactives from food are linked to cognitive benefits. To examine whether walnuts led to cognitive improvements throughout the day,...

Exploring the link between cognitive load and brain activity during calculus learning through electroencephalogram (EEG): Insights from visualization and cluster analysis

Understanding the relationship between cognitive load and brain activity is essential for enhancing learning outcomes, particularly in complex subjects such as calculus. Despite its significance, empirical research examining the manifestation of cognitive load in brain activity patterns remains sparse, indicating a notable gap in the literature. This study aims to investigate the correlation between brain activity and cognitive load in a cohort of 30 mathematics education students enrolled in a calculus course, utilizing electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. A quantitative descriptive research design was employed, integrating cluster analysis and data visualization techniques to facilitate an in-depth examination. EEG recordings of theta, alpha, and beta wave activity were collected during calculus sessions, followed by the administration of a cognitive load questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were utilized to analyze the distribution of cognitive load and brain activity, while correlation analysis was conducted to explore the relationships between cognitive load and EEG parameters across the different brainwave bands. The results revealed that higher cognitive load was positively correlated with increased frequency and amplitude in the alpha and beta bands, while a negative correlation was observed with theta frequency. Furthermore, cluster analysis effectively categorized participants based on distinct EEG signal patterns associated with varying levels of cognitive load. These findings offer valuable insights for the development of personalized learning interventions tailored to individual brain activity profiles, providing a foundation for future research on adaptive learning environments.

Effectiveness of Korean medicine treatments in improving cognitive function and prefrontal cortex activity in older individuals with mild cognitive impairment: retrospective observational study.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a growing concern among older adults, with limited effective pharmacological treatments available. Despite the potential of herbal medicine and acupuncture in managing MCI, there is a lack of research on their long-term effects on cognitive function and brain activity in clinical practice settings. This study aimed to address this gap by exploring the effects of a community-based program integrating herbal medicine and acupuncture on cognitive function and neural responses in older individuals with MCI. Nineteen individuals were enrolled from a pool of 250 individuals registered in the 2021 Busan Dementia Prevention & Care Program. Participants with MCI received herbal medicine, acupuncture, and pharmacopuncture treatments over a 6-month period. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was administered at baseline and after 3 and 6 months to evaluate cognitive function. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to measure prefrontal cortex activity during cognitive task performance, including verbal fluency, Stroop color and word, and digit span backward tests. Seventeen participants (13 female; mean age, 69.5 years) with MCI completed the study. Following the 6-month intervention, they exhibited a significant increase in the MoCA total score over time [F(2.32) =10.59, p < 0.0001]. Additionally, the deoxygenated hemoglobin beta coefficient in the left frontopolar prefrontal cortex significantly decreased during the Stroop task after the intervention. The Dementia Prevention & Care Program, which integrates herbal medicine and acupuncture, may enhance cognitive function in individuals with MCI. Moreover, the observed changes in prefrontal cortex activity after completion of the program suggest a need for further investigation of the underlying mechanisms.

Preserved working memory performance along with subcortical modulation during peri-ictal phases in spontaneous migraine attacks.

To analyze cognitive performance and brain activation during a working memory task in patients with migraine during various phases of the migraine cycle and compare to healthy participants. Cognitive difficulties reported during migraine attacks remain poorly understood, despite evidence that the lateral frontoparietal network undergoes reversible disturbances and decreased activation during attacks. Recent findings in resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging suggest that brain areas involved in this network interact with subcortical regions during spontaneous migraine attacks. In this prospective, within-subject study, 10 patients with diagnosed menstrual-related episodic migraine without aura underwent 3T functional magnetic resonance imaging assessments while performing a working memory task across four phases of the natural migraine cycle: peri-ictal (preictal, ictal, postictal) phases and interictally (between attacks). Migraine prophylaxis was an exclusion criterion. Fourteen healthy controls were assessed during the corresponding phases of their menstrual cycles. The protocol was completed by 24 female participants aged 21 to 47 years: 10 with migraine (four sessions each) and 14 healthy controls (two sessions each) yielding a total of 68 analyzed datasets. Patients and controls showed similar performance on the working memory task and displayed increased brain activity in regions linked to this function, namely the middle frontal gyrus, inferior parietal lobe, and anterior cingulate cortex, during all phases of the migraine/menstrual cycle. Patients with migraine (N = 10) exhibited a significant decrease in hypothalamic activity (p = 0.007) as measured by the percent signal change (PSC) during the postictal phase compared to perimenstrual controls (N = 14), with -2 (16) and 31 (35) PSC, respectively. Comparing across the migraine cycle, the change in hypothalamic activity relative to controls in the postictal phase -0.33 (0.2) ΔPSC was significantly different from the ones in the interictal (0.006 [0.5] ΔPSC; p = 0.002) and preictal (-0.08 [0.4] ΔPSC; p = 0.034) phases. During a working memory task, cognition-related brain activation was present across all phases of the migraine cycle similarly to healthy control participants. Patients with migraine, however, displayed lower neural activity at the subcortical level in the postictal phase. Nonetheless, the sample size is a limitation for the generalization of our results. More research is needed to fully understand how the brain copes with cognitive demands during spontaneous migraine attacks.

The Lifespan Trajectories of Brain Activities Related to Cognitive Control.

Cognitive control plays a pivotal role in guiding human goal-directed behavior. While existing studies have documented an inverted U-shaped trajectory of cognitive control both behaviorally and anatomically, little is known about the corresponding changes in functional brain activation with age. To bridge this gap, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of 129 neuroimaging studies using conflict tasks, encompassing 3,388 participants aged from 5 to 85 years old. We have three major findings: 1) The inverted U-shaped trajectory is the predominant pattern; 2) Cognitive control-related brain regions exhibit heterogeneous lifespan trajectories: the frontoparietal control network follows inverted U-shaped trajectories, peaking between 24 and 40 years, while the dorsal attention network demonstrates no clear trajectories; 3) Both the youth and the elderly show weaker brain activities and greater left laterality than young to middle-aged adults. These results reveal the lifespan trajectories of cognitive control, highlighting heterogeneous fluctuations in brain networks with age.

Comparative effectiveness of open and closed skill exercises on cognitive function in young adults: a fNIRS study

While it is widely acknowledged that exercise has positive effects on cognitive function, the specific impacts of different types of exercises, particularly open and closed skill exercises, on cognitive impairment continue to be a debated topic. In this study, we used fNIRS and cognitive psychology tasks to investigate the effects of different types of exercises on cognitive function and brain activity in young adults. We conducted an observational study to assess the cognitive function of participants who had engaged in these exercises for a long period. Additionally, we examined the effects of open skill exercise (badminton) and closed skill exercise (calisthenics) on localized blood flow in the prefrontal lobe of the brain using an experimental research method. Specifically, during the Stroop task, the badminton group exhibited significantly higher △HbO2 in channel 18, corresponding to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, compared to the calisthenics group (F = 4.485, P < 0.05, η2 = 0.074). In the 2-back task, the calisthenics group showed significantly higher △HbO2 in channel 17, corresponding to the frontopolar area, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and inferior prefrontal gyrus, than the badminton group (F = 8.842, P < 0.01, η2 = 0.136). Our findings reveal that open skill exercises are more effective in enhancing cognitive inhibition, thereby increasing attention capacity, self-regulation, and flexibility in response to environmental changes. Conversely, closed skill exercises demonstrate greater efficacy in improving working memory within cognitive functions, showcasing an enhanced capacity for information processing and storage. These data indicate that while both open and closed skill exercises are beneficial for cognitive function, they exhibit significant distinctions in some aspects.

Brainwave and Emotional Responses of Male and Females to Munsell’s Five Primary Colors

Purpose: The goal is to use quantified EEG and emotional responses to objectively assess the effects of color using gender-specific EEG data, as well as to analyze emotional responses concerning the psychological effects of color modulation. This study intends to apply these findings in various fields. Through this, we hope to better understand how color stimuli affect cognitive responses, brain activity, and emotional regulation.Methods: In this study, we evaluated the EEG and emotional responses to five basic color stimuli in male and females in their 20s. EEG analysis was performed using the Coefficient of Variation for the Brainwaves (CVBs), which is the ratio of the relative brainwave power difference to the baseline brainwave. The five colors were specified using the Munsell notation and RGB values. Emotional responses were evaluated using 10 pairs of adjectives to calculate the preference index(PI), average preference index(API), and favorability. The EEG and emotional evaluations were statistically analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA in SPSS 22.Results: The EEG responses to the five-color stimuli revealed that both male and female experienced increased concentration and arousal with the red (R) and purple (P) stimuli. Colors yellow (Y) and green (G) caused relaxation and comfort in both genders. While male and females had different emotional responses to each color, the reactions were generally similar. Both male and females preferred the color R, while Y and P were equally popular. Color R significantly activated β and γ waves associated with concentration and arousal in both genders. Warm colors were found to elicit arousal, while cool colors induced feelings of comfort, as evidenced by EEG and emotional responses. The findings showed that EEG and emotional responses to color stimuli were similar across genders and that color had a significant and meaningful impact on brainwaves and emotions.Conclusion: The quantified findings of color-based brainwaves and emotional responses can be applied to various fields that use colors. By leveraging these findings, color perception is expected to have a strong influence on human brain activity and emotional regulation.

Reduced resting-state functional connectivity between insula and inferior frontal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus in hoarding disorder.

Hoarding disorder (HD) is characterized by cognitive control impairments and abnormal brain activity in the insula and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) during disposal of personal items or certain executive function tasks. However, whether there are any changes in resting-state functional connectivity of the insula and ACC remains unclear. A total of 55 subjects, including 24 patients with HD and 31 healthy controls (HCs), participated in the study. We acquired resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data and examined group differences in functional connectivity from the insula and ACC in whole-brain voxels. In patients with HD, functional connectivity was significantly lower between the right insula and right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and left superior temporal gyrus (STG) compared to HCs. There was no correlation between these connectivities and HD symptoms. Although the clinical implication is uncertain, our results suggest that patients with HD have resting-state functional alterations between the insula and IFG and STG, corresponding with the results of previous fMRI studies. These findings provide new insight into the neurobiological basis of HD.

Cognitive brain activity before and after surgery in meningioma patients.

Neuropsychological studies have demonstrated that meningioma patients frequently exhibit cognitive deficits before surgery and show only limited improvement after surgery. Combining neuropsychological with functional imaging measurements can shed more light on the impact of surgery on cognitive brain function. We aimed to evaluate whether surgery affects cognitive brain activity in such a manner that it may mask possible changes in cognitive functioning measured by neuropsychological tests. Twenty-three meningioma patients participated in a fMRI measurement using a verbal working memory task as well as three neuropsychological tests focused on working memory, just before and 3 months after surgery. A region of interest based fMRI analysis was used to examine cognitive brain activity at these timepoints within the central executive network and default mode network. Neuropsychological assessment showed impaired cognitive functioning before as well as 3 months after surgery. Neuropsychological test scores, in-scanner task performance as well as brain activity within the central executive and default mode network were not significantly different between both timepoints. Our results indicate that surgery does not significantly affect cognitive brain activity in meningioma patients the first few months after surgery. Therefore, the lack of cognitive improvement after surgery is not likely the result of compensatory processes in the brain. Cognitive deficits that are already present before surgery appear to be persistent after surgery and a considerable recovery period. Our study shows potential leads that comprehensive cognitive evaluation can be of added value so that cognitive functioning may become a more prominent factor in clinical decision making.

Left OFC Activation in Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy during an Inhibitory Control Task in an Early Years Sample: Integrating Stress Responses with Cognitive Function and Brain Activation.

Previous functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) studies using Go/No-Go (GNG) tasks have focused on brain activation in relation to cognitive processes, particularly inhibitory control (IC). The results of these studies commonly describe right hemispheric engagement of the dorsolateral, ventromedial, or inferior frontal regions of the prefrontal cortex. Considering that typical healthy cognitive development is negatively correlated with higher cortisol levels (which may alter brain development), the overarching aim of the current study was to investigate how elevated stress (due to unforeseeable events such as the pandemic) impacts early cognitive development. In this study, we examined fNIRS data collected from a sample of children (aged 2-4 years) during a GNG task relative to the response to stressors measured via hair cortisol concentrations. We acquired data in an ecological setting (Early Childhood Education and Care) during the coronavirus pandemic. We found that children with higher stress levels and a less efficient IC recruited more neural terrain and our group-level analysis indicated activation in the left orbitofrontal area during IC performance. A contextual stressor may disrupt accuracy in the executive function of IC early in development. More research efforts are needed to understand better how an orbitofrontal network subserves goal-directed behavior.

Performance of cognitive tasks and functional brain activity in anxiety disorders

Objective. To improve understanding of psychophysiological underpinnings of anxiety disorders a comprehensive study, that included the analysis of cognitive tasks performance, event-related potentials and psychometric scales, has been conducted.Materials and Methods. Participants were patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD group — 12 s.), mixed anxiety and depressive disorder (ADD group — 16 s.) and healthy volunteers (control group — 16 s.). The psychometric techniques included the questionnaires of Spielberger, HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) and Carver-White (BIS/BAS Scale). Psychophysiological methods included antisaccade task (AS) and event-related evoked potentials P300 that were recorded during auditory oddball task.Results. The significantly increased anxiety and depression scales, as well as the decreased BAS Reward Responsiveness scale, was found in patients of both clinical groups compared to control one; the increased BIS scale was revealed only in ADD group. In GAD and ADD groups AS performance was worse in response to stimuli in left hemi-field that are initially processed in right hemisphere; on the contrary, decreased number of target stimuli omissions was found in oddball task in clinical groups. P300 amplitude was larger, and P300 latency was shorter for patients with ADD compared to controls. Analysis of asymmetry demonstrated that P300 amplitudes were greater over the frontal-central right than over the left hemisphere in ADD group.Conclusion. The study demonstrated that anxiety disorders are accompanied by reallocation of attentional resources and changes in functional organization of brain networks involved in attention and executive functions. With the same direction, the shifts were greater in ADD group.

Role of GABAB receptors in cognition and EEG activity in aged APP and PS1 transgenic mice

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. Recent evidence suggests that gamma-aminobutyric acid B (GABAB) receptor-mediated inhibition is a major contributor to AD pathobiology, and GABAB receptors have been hypothesized to be a potential target for AD treatment. The aim of this study is to determine how GABAB regulation alters cognitive function and brain activity in an AD mouse model. Early, middle and late stage (8-23 months) amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin 1 (PS1) transgenic mice were used for the study. The GABAB agonist baclofen (1 and 2.5mg/kg, i. p.) and the antagonist phaclofen (0.5mg/kg, i. p.) were used. Primarily, we found that GABAB activation was able to improve spatial and/or working memory performance in early and late stage AD animals. In addition, GABAB activation and inhibition could regulate global and local EEG oscillations in AD animals, with activation mainly regulating low-frequency activity (delta-theta bands) and inhibition mainly regulating mid- and high-frequency activity (alpha-gamma bands), although the regulated magnitude at some frequencies was reduced in AD. The cognitive improvements in AD animals may be explained by the reduced EEG activity in the theta frequency band (2-4Hz). This study provides evidence for a potential therapeutic effect of baclofen in the elderly AD brain and for GABAB receptor-mediated inhibition as a potential therapeutic target for AD.

Low blood concentration of alcohol enhances activity related to stopping failure in the right inferior frontal cortex.

This study investigated the effects of low doses of alcohol, which are acceptable for driving a car, on inhibitory control and neural processing using the stop-signal task (SST) in 17 healthy right-handed social drinkers. The study employed simultaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging and electromyography (EMG) recordings to assess behavioral and neural responses under conditions of low-dose alcohol (breath-alcohol concentration of 0.15mg/L) and placebo. The results demonstrated that even a small amount of alcohol consumption prolonged Go reaction times in the SST and modified stopping behavior, as evidenced by a decrease in the frequency and magnitude of partial response EMG that did not result in button pressing during successful inhibitory control. Furthermore, alcohol intake enhanced neural activity during failed inhibitory responses in the right inferior frontal cortex, suggesting its potential role in behavioral adaptation following stop-signal failure. These findings suggest that even low levels of alcohol consumption within legal driving limits can greatly impact both the cognitive performance and brain activity involved in inhibiting responses. This research provides important evidence on the neurobehavioral effects of low-dose alcohol consumption, with implications for understanding the biological basis of impaired motor control and decision-making and potentially informing legal guidelines on alcohol consumption.

Exploratory` study on driving ability of people with schizophrenia: Relationships among cognitive function, symptoms, and brain activity

This study aimed to examine the relationships among cognitive function, symptoms, prefrontal activation, basic driving skills, and collision risk factors using a hazard prediction task in simulated driving. Participants included 42 people with schizophrenia aged 20-50years who had actual experience of driving. The Trail making test (TMT) A and TMTB, Wechsler Memory Test-Revised (WMS-R), and Zoo Map test (ZMT) were used to evaluate cognitive function. Positive and negative syndrome scale was used to assess symptoms, and brain activity was assessed by evaluating cerebral blood flow during a visual working memory task using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Driving tasks that tested basic skills, such as brake reaction, steering wheel skills, and standard deviation of lateral position, were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Three hazard prediction tasks were performed using discriminant analysis. Brake reaction associated with cerebral blood flow and TMT-A. Steering wheel skills associated with WMS-R, driving experience and depression. Significant differences were found between the collision and noncollision groups in the hazard prediction task, as shown by the ZMT, driving experience, and brake reaction. Brain activity in the frontal lobe during a desk task may be useful data for driving assessment. Assessment of processing speed and learning ability may be particularly important in the evaluation of basic skills for safe driving. In addition, for people with schizophrenia, foresight, as represented by proactive planning, experience, and quick braking may be an essential characteristic to anticipate danger and react quickly enough to avoid collisions.

Assessment of cognitive games to improve the quality of life of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's patients.

The core objectives of this study centre on enhancing the quality of life and well-being of individuals diagnosed with Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Our aim is to facilitate the monitoring of patient information, benefiting both caregivers and healthcare professionals. As part of the PROCare4Life platform sensorial ecosystem, a web application with six engaging cognitive games focusing on developing cognitive training and stimulating brain activity are developed. A set of metrics calculated by the application feed machine learning predictive models to evaluate the cognitive status and evolution over time. Long-term analysis of the daily cognitive ability information is used to generate high-level outcomes and identify deviations for each patient from the multimodal fusion engine. And based on these results, a recommender system provides a set of personalized notifications. A 3-month pilot study that took place in five different countries shows the results obtained from 93 patients. An average of 22.4 games were completed per day and the recommender system generated a total of 260 game notifications, 37.7% of them were marked as read by the patients. The Cognitive State Score and the Deviations in Cognitive Abilities measurement, calculated by the multimodal fusion engine, when used in conjunction present a good overview of the patient's current state and potential deviations. The cognitive games application was well-received by elderly individuals who took part in the study. This tool can be valuable for caregivers and healthcare providers in assessing the cognitive function of patients through engaging in cognitive games.

Model of cognitive activity of the human brain based on the mathematical apparatus of quantum mechanics

Describing the transmission and processing of information by an individual is a fundamental issue in modern cognitive science. Previously, unique scientific models for information transfer between individuals [1], as well as models for cognitive activity [2], were developed. However, numerous presented models lack scalability and formalization, hindering their ability to provide a comprehensive explanation for information transfer processes and their distortion due to interaction with the external communicative environment. One aspect of human cognitive activity is that individuals think not based on a code, as a computer does, but through the interaction of various mental images. Despite the fact that these images have a specific material foundation in the form of electrical and chemical activity in the human brain, describing them using conventional mathematical models presents several difficulties [3]. Therefore, this paper suggests novel techniques for describing information images/representations’ functioning, which simulate an individual’s cognitive activity. These methods rely on the mathematical models of self-oscillatory and conventional quantum physics (including potential wells and virtual particles conventionally used in the physical domain) for characterizing basic interactions [4]. The authors adopt a phenomenological perspective and do not regard cognitive systems as quantum. The aim of this study ject is to establish a model for cognitive function in the human brain using the mathematical principles of self-oscillating quantum mechanics from the perspective of information imaging and representation. Methods. The theory proposes [5] that information images/representations (IR) share characteristic properties with virtual Feymann particles and other elementary particles. The human mind is presented as a one-dimensional potential well with finite walls of varying sizes and an internal potential barrier that simulates the boundary between consciousness and subconsciousness. The authors have applied parametrization based on this theory. As a result, we propose the foundations of the mathematical apparatus based on classical quantum mechanics, followed by the mathematical apparatus of self-oscillating quantum mechanics. The latter, though little known, may allow to predict certain cognitive functions of the human brain by modifying and applying it to non-quantum settings. An equation is derived for the state function of the information image of an individual engaging in cognitive activity. Primary calculations were conducted on the state functions of information images using a computer model. The movement patterns of the information image within and outside were then deduced.