Cognitive-behavioral Group Research Articles

Cognitive behavior group counseling on alleviating social anxiety disorder marketing majors’ students

BackgroundSocial anxiety often poses challenges for students majoring in marketing, as social interaction is a requirement for marketing majors. Understanding the potential effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group counseling in addressing social anxiety disorders is crucial for developing appropriate intervention measures.Subjects and MethodsThe study comprised a sample of 120 marketing major students aged 20 to 25 from a university. Participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n=60) or the control group (n=60). The experimental group received cognitive-behavioral group counseling sessions, focusing on cognitive restructuring and social skills training, while the control group did not receive any specific intervention. Standardized psychological measures were used to assess anxiety levels in both groups. The intervention period lasted for three months, with weekly group counseling sessions designed for the experimental group.ResultsThe data analysis indicated that the experimental group, which received cognitive-behavioral group counseling, showed a significant reduction in social anxiety levels compared to the control group (P<0.001). This finding suggests that cognitive-behavioral group counseling has a positive impact on reducing social anxiety disorders among marketing major students.ConclusionsCognitive behavior group counseling is an effective intervention measure to address social anxiety disorders among marketing students. Combining cognitive restructuring and social skills training in counseling courses to provide students with skills to manage and overcome social anxiety symptoms. Implementing cognitive behavior group counseling as a positive measure can enhance the psychological health of marketing students and enhance their ability to handle social interactions.AcknowledgementThe research is supported by: the Guangxi First-class Discipline Statistics Construction Project Fund.

Effects of Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy on Reducing Levels of Internet Addiction, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Among Nursing Students in Morocco

Background: Internet addiction (IA) has emerged as a serious threat to the mental health of young individuals. Objectives: The present study aimed to test the effects of cognitive-behavioral group therapy (CBGT) on controlling Internet addictive behaviors and improving levels of depression, anxiety, and stress among nursing students in Morocco. Methods: A total of 60 nursing students participated in the study based on convenience sampling and were then randomly assigned to the intervention group (n = 30) and control group (n = 30). The intervention group received 8 sessions of CBGT, unlike the control group. The Internet Addiction Test and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale were used as the pretest, posttest, and 3-month follow-up tests to determine participants’ levels of IA, depression, anxiety, and stress. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was applied to assess the effects of this therapeutic intervention. Results: The results showed that following the CBGT program, the intervention group showed a reduction in IA (P < 0.05), depression (P < 0.05), anxiety (P < 0.05), and stress (P < 0.05) scores. Conclusions: Cognitive-behavioral group therapy was observed to be more effective in improving the cognitive, psychological, and behavioral skills of Internet-dependent nursing students, thereby reducing levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. This outcome opens up important perspectives in the field of health sciences education by considering this approach as a preferred way to promote students’ mental health in this context.

Non-pharmacological randomized intervention trial for the management of neuropsychological symptoms in outpatients with progressive multiple sclerosis

Purpose Despite typically more pronounced cognitive and mental health issues in progressive disease courses of multiple sclerosis (PMS), rehabilitation research in this subgroup is rare. The efficacy of two non-pharmacological interventions with positive results from prior investigations was therefore examined in PMS specifically. Methods Persons with PMS (pwPMS) received either computerized cognitive training (BrainStim), standardized cognitive-behavioral group sessions (Metacognitive Training [MaTiMS]), or a combination of both in an ambulatory setting. Neuropsychological assessment was conducted before and after the four-week intervention. Results 37 participants (13 with primary/24 with secondary PMS, meanage = 52.87, SDage = 7.11, meanEDSS = 4.02, SDEDSS = 1.35) entered analyses. The BrainStim group improved in immediate and delayed verbal memory, recognition, verbal working memory, and perceived cognitive deficits while experiencing increased anxiety post-intervention. MaTiMS participants reported high program satisfaction and less cognitive difficulties at retest. The Combination group performed better in immediate and delayed verbal memory, and in information processing speed after training. Descriptive data further indicated positive effects on anxiety and depression in the MaTiMS and Combination group. Conclusions While objective cognitive performance improved when explicitly trained, psychoeducative sessions contributed to subjective mental health. The combination of both approaches is thus suggested, considering the specific needs of pwPMS treated in an ambulatory setting.

The effect of cognitive-behavioral group therapy on reducing depression and anxiety in patients with mood disorders: experimental research.

The study was a semi-experimental study with a pretest-post-test design with a control group. The research subjects were 60 patients hospitalized in the psychiatric department of Razi Hospital in Tehran, who were randomly divided into two experimental (N:30) and control (N:30) groups. Both groups took medicine as usual. Before the therapeutic intervention, both groups were evaluated with Beck's depression questionnaire and the Zung anxiety scale. In addition to drug therapy, the experimental group participated in ten sessions of the cognitive-behavioral therapy group, and in the control group, no psychological intervention was performed except for drug therapy. At the end of the nonpharmacological treatment intervention, both groups were evaluated again with the aforementioned tests. The obtained data were analyzed using independent and dependent t-tests. The research findings showed that the cognitive-behavioral therapy group was significantly (P<0.05) effective in reducing the depression of hospitalized patients with mood disorders, but this method did not have much effect in reducing the anxiety of the patients. Cognitive-behavioral group therapy can be effective in reducing depression in hospitalized patients with mood disorders.

Traumatized German soldiers with moral injury - value-based cognitive-behavioral group therapy to treat war-related shame.

During deployment, soldiers are confronted with potentially morally injurious events. In many cases, these events violate their personal values and belief systems, resulting in feelings of anger, alienation, guilt, and shame. The psychological distress caused by such transgressions is defined as moral injury. It remains unclear to date, which therapeutic interventions are most appropriate for addressing this specific psychological condition. This study examines the effectiveness of value-based cognitive-behavioral group therapy combining elements of cognitive-behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, spiritual care, and adaptive disclosure therapy. This controlled study uses the Compass of Shame Scale to assess symptom severity among participants both before and after a three-week inpatient group therapy regimen for moral injury. An intervention group (n = 45) was compared to a waiting-list control group (n = 40). A one-way between subjects ANOVA was conducted to determine the differences between the two measurement points in the intervention group compared to the control group. A positive ethics vote from the Humboldt University Berlin (Charité) was available (No.EA1/092/15). A significant difference was found on the shame-associated maladaptive strategies subscales of attack self (F (1, 83) = 5.942, p = 0.017, Cohen's f = 0,27), withdrawal (F (1, 83) = 8.263, p = 0.005, Cohen's f = 0,32), and attack others (F (1, 83) = 10.552, p = 0.002, Cohen's f = 0,36) of the Compass of Shame Scale between the intervention group and the control group at the p < 0.05 level in the pre- and post-treatment (t1-t2) comparison. This study suggests that the special therapeutic focus in cognitive-behavioral group therapy can alter shame-based maladaptive coping behaviors in response to war-related moral injury. This study provides further evidence that therapeutic approaches - through fostering a reconciliatory, compassionate, and forgiving approach toward oneself and others - target the underlying mechanisms of moral injury. Therefore, value-based cognitive-behavioral interventions should be considered as a standard element of trauma care in a military setting. Future studies should further examine such interventions in randomized control trials. It would also be particularly valuable for future studies to include a follow-up time point.

Effectiveness of an integrated motivational cognitive-behavioral group intervention for adolescents with gaming disorder: a randomized controlled trial.

The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of the integrated cognitive-behavioral therapy with a strength-based motivational approach [integrated cognitive-behavioral therapy (ICBT)] intervention to change gaming disorder (GD) symptoms and other outcomes and to study the therapeutic mechanism. A two-arm parallel randomized waiting-list controlled trial with 3- and 6-month follow-ups were conducted in a secondary vocational school in mainland China. Participants comprised 77 Chinese adolescents with GD symptoms with a mean age of 16.36 years [standard deviation (SD) = 0.93]; 88.3% were male INTERVENTIONS: Participants were randomized into an ICBT group (n = 38) and a waiting-list control (WLC, n = 39) group. ICBT intervention comprised eight weekly sessions to encourage participants to identify their interests and strengths and set goals for developing personally meaningful real-life activities. The outcomes were measured at pre-treatment (t0 ), post-treatment (t1 ), 3-month (t2 ) and 6-month (t3 ) follow-ups. The primary outcome was GD symptoms at t3. Secondary outcomes included GD symptoms at t1 and t2 , and gaming motivation, maladaptive gaming cognition, depression and anxiety symptoms at t1 , t2 and t3 . With the intention-to-treat principle, the GD scores at t3 were significantly different between the CBT and WLC groups [mean difference 62.08 (SD = 10.48) versus 73.64 (SD = 11.70); Hedges' g = 1.15, 95% confidence interval = 0.67-1.62]. Linear mixed-effects modeling showed significant group × time interaction for the secondary outcomes (P < 0.01), with a moderate to strong between-group effect size in the reduction in depression symptoms (g = 0.67-0.84) and anxiety symptoms (g = 0.6-0.64). Path analysis shows ICBT leads to GD reduction through reducing gaming motivation and maladaptive gaming cognition. An integrated cognitive-behavioral therapy with strength-based motivational approach intervention reduced gaming disorder symptoms and time spent gaming over a 6-month period by decreasing maladaptive gaming motivation and cognition.

The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on sexual function in reproductive aged women with hypothyroidism: a randomized controlled clinical trial

BackgroundHypothyroidism is the most common clinical disorder of the thyroid gland which is associated with an increased prevalence of sexual dysfunction even if treated with medication.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on sexual function in reproductive-aged women with hypothyroidism.Materials and methodsThis randomized clinical trial was performed on 66 reproductive-aged women with hypothyroidism referring to selected health centers in Izeh, Iran. Data collection tools included demographic information form and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Eligible individuals were randomly assigned to case (n = 33) and control (n = 33) groups using block randomization with the block size of 4. In addition to standard hypothyroidism treatment, the case group received 8 sessions of cognitive-behavioral group therapy, while the control group received only standard treatment.ResultsBefore of treatment, there was no significant difference between the mean score of sexual function and its dimensions between the case and control groups (p < 0.05). However, immediately and 4 weeks after completion of treatment, the mean total score of sexual function and its dimensions in the case group increased significantly compared to the control group (p < 0.001).ConclusionAccording to the results of this study, CBT can be effective in improving sexual dysfunction in reproductive-aged women with hypothyroidism. However, before recommending this therapy to women suffering from hypothyroidism, more detailed studies are needed to prove the effectiveness of this intervention, as an adjuvant treatment to the standard pharmacotherapy.

The Effectiveness of Enhanced Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy on Negative Perfectionism, Self-Criticism, and Self-Compassion

The Effectiveness of Enhanced Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy on Negative Perfectionism, Self-Criticism, and Self-Compassion

Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy for Anger Management in Juvenile Delinquents: Effectiveness Study in a Turkey Child Prison.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group therapy (CBGT) for anger management in Juvenile Delinquents. The therapy program consisted of eight sessions including relaxation, self-instruction, cognitive restructuring, and assertiveness training techniques. The therapy program has been conducted for juvenile delinquents in one of the juvenile prisons in Turkey. Sixty juvenile delinquents, aged between 14 and 18, who met the inclusion criteria (treatment = 30, control = 30), were included at the beginning of the study. To evaluate the effectiveness of the program, State Trait Anger and Expression Inventory (STAXI), and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) were administered as pre-test. At the end of the therapy program, final analysis was conducted on 35 participants (20 therapy group, 15 control group) due to participants dropout. Mixed ANOVA was conducted to examine the time (pre-test and post-test) and group effects (therapy and control group). Results showed that the participants in the therapy group showed a significant decrease in trait anger and anger expression scores, both subscales of STAXI and in the hostility subscale of BSI; a statistically significant increase in the anger control scores of the subscale of STAXI when compared to the control group. In conclusion, this culturally attuned CBGT for anger management may be applicable for Juvenile Delinquents in Turkey.

The feasibility and acceptability of Project POWER: a mindfulness-infused, cognitive-behavioral group intervention to address mental and sexual health needs of young pregnant women in Liberia

BackgroundFollowing 14 years of civil war in Liberia, war exposure, gender-based violence, and extreme poverty have been identified as key challenges affecting the mental and sexual health of young pregnant women and the health of their unborn children. Despite ongoing efforts to rebuild the country’s healthcare infrastructure, empirical and culturally tailored interventions to address the consequences of war are severely limited. To address these concerns, we developed Project POWER (Progressing Our Well-being, Emotions, and Relationships), a mindfulness-infused, cognitive-behavioral intervention for young adult pregnant women. This study sought to 1) assess the feasibility and acceptability of POWER and 2) determine the preliminary efficacy of POWER for improving mental and sexual health outcomes among Liberian war-exposed young adult pregnant women.MethodsEighty-seven women aged 18–25 were recruited from three catchment areas in Monrovia, Liberia to participate in a two-condition, pre-post design quasi-experimental pilot trial. Participants were allocated to the intervention (POWER) or the control condition (a health education program) based on where they resided relative to the catchment areas. Each condition completed a ten-session program delivered over 5-weeks. Feasibility and acceptability of POWER were examined using program logs (e.g., the number of participants screened and enrolled, facilitator satisfaction, etc.) and data from an end-of-program exit interview. The preliminary efficacy of POWER on mental and sexual health outcomes was assessed using repeated measures ANOVA with time and condition as factors.ResultsAnalyses provided preliminary support for the feasibility and acceptability of POWER. Participants attended an average of 8.99 sessions out of 10 and practiced material outside the sessions at least 2.77 times per week. Women in both conditions showed significant reductions in the level of prenatal distress (baseline, M = 16.84, 3-month assessment, M = 12.24), severity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms (baseline, M = 11.97, 3-month assessment, M = 9.79),), and the number of transactional sexual behaviors (baseline, M = 1.37, 3-month assessment, M = .94) over time. Participants who received POWER showed significant reductions in the frequency of depressive symptoms (baseline, M = 5.09, 3-month assessment, M = 2.63) over women in the control condition.ConclusionsFindings suggest that POWER may be a feasible and acceptable intervention to promote mental and sexual health for young adult pregnant women in Liberia. However, fully powered clinical trials are still needed to determine the efficacy and effectiveness of POWER before recommending its use on a larger scale in Liberia.

Cost-effectiveness of transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders v. treatment as usual: economic evaluation of a pragmatic randomized controlled trial over an 8-month time horizon using self-reported data.

This economic evaluation supplements a pragmatic randomized controlled trial conducted in community care settings, which showed superior improvement in the symptoms of adults with anxiety disorders who received 12 sessions of transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioural group therapy in addition to treatment as usual (tCBT + TAU) compared to TAU alone. This study evaluates the cost-utility and cost-effectiveness of tCBT + TAU over an 8-month time horizon. For the reference case, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) obtained using the EQ-5D-5L, and the health system perspective were chosen. Alternatively, anxiety-free days (AFDs), derived from the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and the limited societal perspective were considered. Unadjusted incremental cost-effectiveness/utility ratios were calculated. Net-benefit regressions were done for a willingness-to-pay (WTP) thresholds range to build cost-effectiveness acceptability curves (CEAC). Sensitivity analyses were included. Compared to TAU (n = 114), tCBT + TAU (n = 117) generated additional QALYs, AFDs, and higher mental health care costs from the health system perspective. From the health system and the limited societal perspectives, at a WTP of Can$ 50 000/QALY, the CEACs showed that the probability of tCBT + TAU v. TAU being cost-effective was 97 and 89%. Promising cost-effectiveness results using AFDs are also presented. The participation of therapists from the public health sector could increase cost-effectiveness. From the limited societal and health system perspectives, this first economic evaluation of tCBT shows favourable cost-effectiveness results at a WTP threshold of Can$ 50 000/QALY. Future research is needed to replicate findings in longer follow-up studies and different health system contexts to better inform decision-makers for a full-scale implementation.

Therapeutic alliance and cognitive behavioral group therapy

In cognitive-behavioral group therapy, the therapeutic alliance with the psychotherapists and between the patients in the group, allows patients to develop coping strategies. These include cognitive and behavioral efforts aimed to control, reduce or tolerate specific demands, whether internal or external, experienced as threatening, exhausting or exceeding the patient's resources. This adaptive mechanism lowers the intensity of anxiety, favors control of fear and reinforces the motivation and energy invested in the process of change. We describe the importance of therapeutic alliance in group therapy with patients suffering from chronic pain. These processes will be illustrated with clinical vignettes.

Baralho do Estilo de Vida como ferramenta da terapia cognitivo-comportamental de adultos com obesidade

Abstract Objective This is a mixed-methodology controlled clinical study that assessed the effect of the Health Lifestyle Deck of cards as a Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy tool for obese adults. Method The sample was divided into two groups: Intervention group and Intervention+Deck. The therapy was interdisciplinary handled by psychology, nutrition and physical education professionals, along 12 sessions. The following measures were performed: anthropometric assessment, indicators of binge eating, depression, anxiety and stress, quality of life, self-efficacy for eating habits, and physical activity at the beginning and the end of the intervention. Participants’ written and verbal reports’ content was analyzed. Results The results were: a reduction in body mass, binge eating, and improvement of self-efficacy to regulate eating habits in both groups. There was an improvement in the psychological domain of quality of life only in the Intervention+Deck group. Conclusion The study concluded that the intervention favored participants’ cognitive and behavioral changes.

Determining the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy, desensitization with eye movements and reprocessing and biofeedback on migraine attacks (frequency, duration and intensity), anxiety sensitivity, sleep quality and quality of life of women with Migraine

Aim: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy, desensitization with eye movements and reprocessing and biofeedback on migraine attacks (frequency, duration and intensity), anxiety sensitivity, sleep quality and quality of life of women with migraine. Method: The research was semi-experimental and was conducted using a pre-post test and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population included all women who referred to Tehran's Vision of the Future Clinic in 2019 due to headache. Among the people who were diagnosed with migraine, 60 people were selected and randomly divided into 3 experimental groups and one control group. Then the people of the cognitive-behavioral group underwent group therapy for 11 sessions of 90 minutes each week, and the people of the desensitization group with rapid eye movements and reprocessing individually in 3 sessions of 90 minutes and once a week, and the people of the biological feedback treatment group were treated for 15 sessions in 3 weeks of 45 minutes. The data was analyzed by SPSS-25 software and by multiple variance analysis. Results: Based on the results of this research, it can be stated that cognitive-behavioral therapy, desensitization with eye movements and reprocessing and biofeedback are effective on attacks (frequency, duration and intensity), anxiety sensitivity, sleep quality and quality of life of women

Men's mental health and interventions tailored to masculinity: a scoping review

Masculinity norms, characterized by specific behaviors, thoughts and emotions that are considered socially appropriate for both Eastern and Western men, have been perceived as obstacles to seeking professional help, especially in situations where men are mentally distressed. This scoping review aimed to gain insight into the different factors that affect men’s mental health and explore the different types of interventions tailored to masculinity conventions. Research published between January 2018 and June 2023 was examined using keywords to extract relevant studies from PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS and Web of Science, with discussion and cross-checking by both authors. Twelve studies consisting of six randomized-controlled trials, four qualitative studies and two mixed method studies were identified. A variety of interventions were identified in this review, including soccer-related physical activity-based interventions, online interventions, therapeutic counseling interventions that integrate interviews and cognitive-behavioral group therapy, and interventions using expert networks. The need for online interventions that consider traditional masculinity norms in encouraging help-seeking behavior, and the effectiveness of support groups in providing a safe space for men to discuss their mental health, are key findings. As a public health issue, men’s mental well-being is substantially significant, and tailored interventions are needed to support men’s mental health. Therefore, the implementation of effective interventions and the active role of policy makers in promoting mental health awareness for men is also required. Based on these findings, strategies to engage men in mental health services, strengthen social support networks, and challenge harmful male stereotypes within healthcare settings and communities should be considered.

Investigating the effect of cognitive-behavioral group counseling on the academic burnout of students

Background and Aim: From a psychological point of view, students' educational and learning activities in educational situations can lead to burnout as a task. These activities can create characteristics such as fatigue caused by the requirements related to study, growth, and a sense of pessimistic and insensitive attitude towards course materials, as well as a feeling of poor personal progress in coursework and education in students. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of cognitive-behavioral group counseling on students' academic burnout. Methods: This research is quasi-experimental, pre-test-post-test, with the selection of two groups, including the control group and the test group, and the statistical population of this research consists of 10th grade students in the 12th district of Tehran in the academic year 2022-2023. The sample size has been considered by simple random sampling method, including 40 students (20 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group). In order to collect data, the academic burnout questionnaire of Salemla-Aru (2009) was used. Results: The results of covariance analysis show that group counseling training in a cognitive-behavioral way significantly reduced students' academic burnout in the post-test phase: Excessive fatigue components (F=9.63 and p&lt;0.003); pessimism (F=13.33 and p&lt;0.001); Feeling of incompetence (F=18.43 and p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Therefore, it is suggested to implement extracurricular classes as much as possible to prevent academic burnout for students.

The Development and Initial Feasibility of a Cognitive-Behavioural Group Intervention for COVID-19-Related Anxiety and Depression

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in adverse psychological outcomes for many people in the general public globally. Aim: This paper discusses the development and initial feasibility testing of a novel manualised online group cognitive behavioural therapy intervention targeting the maintenance factors of COVID-19-related anxiety and depression. The paper is in two sections describing: (i) the development of the intervention and (ii) a pilot study examined initial acceptability and feasibility of the intervention. Methods: Section 1 used the Six Steps in Quality Intervention Development methodology to systematically develop the intervention. Section 2 used a mixed-method design to assess feasibility and acceptability. The quantitative assessment examined uptake, completion, and pre–post intervention changes in psychological distress (N=8). A thematic analysis of qualitative interviews measured subjective acceptability. Results: A theoretically coherent, novel intervention that did not replicate existing treatment designs was developed. Low levels of engagement in online data-gathering did not allow for an assessment of effectiveness. However, there was a high level of participant retention, and qualitative data highlighted a high level of treatment appropriateness, positive post-intervention change and acceptability for those who took part. Conclusion: This initial feasibility study indicated that the intervention was feasible and acceptable and warranted further investigation.

Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Group Training on Mother’s Child Abuse and Quality of Life of Preschool Children

Background: Child abuse and neglect are global problems with negative outcomes in the quality of life among children. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group training on child-abuser mothers and the quality of life of children. Materials and Methods: This interventional study was conducted based on a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population of this study included all preschool children in kindergartens in Khorramabad, Iran. Using the cluster sampling method, 23 children who gained the abuse score were selected, along with their mothers were selected and randomly divided into an experimental (n=10) and a control (n=13) group. The mothers in the experimental group received cognitive-behavioral training for eight 90-minute sessions. The tools used to collect data consisted of the Child Abuse Scale (Mohammadkhani, 2011) and the Quality of Life Questionnaire (Fakkes, 2000). The gathered data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) using descriptive statistics, the Chi-square test, and the Mann-Whitney U test at a significance level of &lt;0.05. Results: The data analysis of this study showed that group cognitive-behavioral training had a significant effect on the reduction of all dimensions of mother’s child abuse (P&lt;0.05) and a positive effect on evaluating the quality of life of children from their mother's point of view (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: In general, the results of the study indicated that cognitive-behavioral training was effective in reducing mothers’ child abuse and improvement of the quality of life of preschool children.

The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural group therapy on infertile men, a randomised clinical trial

ABSTRACT Background Infertility can result in the emergence of depression and anger, the loss of one’s identity, and the feeling of guilt in the infertile person. Present study aimed to investigate the effects of cognitive behavioural group therapy (CBGT) on infertile men’s anger and positive and negative affect. Materials and methods Forty-three men with infertility for at least five years were selected for the present randomised clinical study. Spielberger’s State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-II (STAXI-II) and the PANAS scale (positive and negative affect) were filled out by the participants, and they were randomly divided into the experimental (22) and control (21) groups. The experimental group received 18 ninety-minute sessions of hybrid group therapy held twice a week, while the control group received no intervention. When the intervention program was over, all participants performed the post-test. Moreover, the post-hoc stage was held two months later. Results The effects of the intervention were significant in terms of state anger, trait anger, anger expression in, anger expression out, positive effects, and negative effects (p < 0.004), but they were not significant concerning the anger control out index (p = 0.241). The significant differences between the two groups were also observed in the post-hoc stage. Conclusions The CBGT therapy seems to be helpful for infertile men to reduce their anger and negative affect and increase their positive affect by implementing a set of techniques like cognitive regeneration, assertiveness, daily joyful activities, exercises to relax one’s muscles, diaphragm respiration, the identification of various fillings, and emotional expression.

A naturalistic study of emotion regulation-enhanced cognitive-behavioral group therapy for hoarding disorder in a community setting

A naturalistic study of emotion regulation-enhanced cognitive-behavioral group therapy for hoarding disorder in a community setting