Cognitive-behavioral Factors Research Articles

Unraveling the Relationship between Oral Habits and Anxiety: A Narrative Review

ABSTRACT This narrative review aims to elucidate the bidirectional relationship between oral habits and anxiety, examining potential underlying mechanisms, psychological factors, and clinical implications. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar, to identify relevant articles published in peer-reviewed journals. Studies investigating the relationship between oral habits (e.g., bruxism, nail biting) and anxiety disorders, as well as associated psychological factors, were included. Oral habits and anxiety exhibit a bidirectional relationship, with individuals engaging in oral habits as coping mechanisms to alleviate anxiety and stress, while anxiety can act as a precipitating factor for the development or exacerbation of oral habits. Common underlying mechanisms include dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, alterations in neurotransmitter systems, and psychosocial factors. Psychological factors, such as cognitive-behavioral factors, emotional regulation, and attentional biases, further influence the manifestation and maintenance of both oral habits and anxiety. Understanding the complex interplay between oral habits and anxiety is crucial for holistic approaches to healthcare. Integrated assessment and management strategies are needed to address both conditions effectively, with emphasis on behavioral interventions, pharmacological approaches, and multidisciplinary collaboration between dental and mental health professionals. By recognizing and addressing the bidirectional nature of this relationship, healthcare providers can optimize patient care and improve overall well-being.

Persistent Symptoms After Lyme Disease: Clinical Characteristics, Predictors, and Classification.

Persistent symptoms after an infection have been described for a number of infectious diseases, including Lyme disease. Studies have confirmed a moderate but consistent increase in the prevalence of such symptoms after Lyme disease, though the risk increase varies dependent on study design and the definition of persistent symptoms. Various possible predictors have been proposed, including a dysregulation of the immune system, metabolic changes, increased sensitization to pain signals, cognitive-behavioral factors, or-controversially-the persistence of the causative Borrelia bacteria or remnants thereof. Research on the precise roles of any of these factors is still ongoing. The lack of biological underpinning also makes it difficult to assess with certainty which patients' (generally nonspecific) persistent symptoms are etiologically related to the previous Lyme disease episode and which are not, particularly as these symptoms occur in the general population relatively frequently. The diagnostic criteria for posttreatment Lyme disease syndrome have shown their usefulness in both clinical and research settings but leave out a number of patients whose symptoms may fall just outside said criteria. Though the relationship between these symptoms and the previous Lyme disease episode may be very uncertain, we would argue that a uniform description and classification of these patients will aid in future research and patient management, regardless of the eventual underlying cause. Thus, we argue for an inclusive classification system for all persistent symptoms attributed to Lyme disease in order to promote validation of patient experiences and perspectives, while also maintaining scientific nuance regarding the very uncertain etiology of these patients' symptoms.

An Exploration of Unique Mental Health Challenges and Resilience Factors within the LGBTQ+ Community: A Systematic Review

Mental health challenges in the LGBTQ+ community pressing issues as it impact the overall health status. Despite the concerns raised on the discrimination, bias and stereotypes, new challenges arise, implicating challenges to the health sector. The present review of evidence focuses on the resilience factors and the unique mental health challenges faced by members of the LGBTQ+ community. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) were used to identify, select, appraise and synthesize evidence in the present review, whereas the Sample, phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation and Research type (SPIDER) protocol guided the selection of eligible studies to be reviewed. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to rate the certainty of evidence about the unique mental health challenges and resilience factors within the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, and asexual (LGBTQ+) community. Initial article search was limited to English publications and performed on electronic databases, including Google Scholar, ProQuest, PubMed, and Web of Science. The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool was used to examine the risk of bias in the individual studies. Risk of bias assessment was performed on the domains, including due to the randomization process, bias due to deviations from intended interventions, bias due to missing outcome data, bias in the measurement of the outcomes, bias in the selection of the reported result, and the overall risk of bias, reflecting the overall risk of bias of the included studies. A qualitative synthesis of results was considered in the present systematic review. The evidence was contrasted and compared against the existing knowledge and theoretical orientation. The present review found that poor dissemination of interventions and implementations are unique mental health challenges among the LGBTQ+ community. The poor implementation and dissemination of interventions substantiate psychological distress, anxiety, depression, and suicidal thoughts and deteriorates quality of life. The web or internet-based implementation of cognitive behavioral therapy emerged as effective resilience factor in the management of mental conditions among members of the LGBTQ+ community. Keywords: LGBTQ+, mental health, treatment, cognitive behavioral therapy, resilience factors, anxiety, depression, and interventions

The Spanish adaptation of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia Heart: psychometric evidence in cardiac rehabilitation patients.

The factor structure of the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia Heart version has rarely been adequately analyzed. We aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of this scale through a variety of exploratory and confirmatory factorial approaches. To perform a translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and psychometric evaluation of the Spanish version of the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia Heart in patients attending Cardiac Rehabilitation (TSK-SPA). Cross-sectional study. A Cardiac Rehabilitation unit. Adults with the principal diagnosis of coronary artery disease (83%) who were referred to Cardiac Rehabilitation (N.=194; mean age, 64.28±9.2; 15% women). We performed a translation and a cross-cultural adaptation of the TSK-SPA. The psychometric properties of validity comprising the face, content, and construct validity were then tested. Five factorial models were proposed to analyze the data structure. We examined the validity evidence of the TSK-SPA based on the relationships with other analyzed variables using the SF12 quality of life Questionnaire, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory. The reliability tests included internal consistency and stability over time. The results suggested a four-dimensional structure. Models with more than 1 dimension exhibited undesirable factor loadings or inadequate fit indices. Based on these results, a short version of the scale with 13 items is proposed. In terms of reliability, the TSK-SPA Heart was found internally consistent (α=0.79) and stable over time (test-retest = 0.82). An Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) analysis provided an acceptable fit for a hypothesized 4-factor model with the inclusion of a method factor: the root mean squared error of approximation was <0.05 (RMSEA = 0.046), and the comparative fit indices were >0.95 or close (CFI=0.994, TLI=0.934). Significant positive correlations were observed between the TSK-SPA scores and the measures of anxiety and depression, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.35 to 0.48. A best-fitting model was identified, and the proposed 13-item TSK-SPA Heart showed sufficient evidence of validity and reliability for Spanish patients with cardiovascular disease. The scale's overall reliability is deemed acceptable, although the factor reliability could be further enhanced. Using this questionnaire on fear or avoidance of movement will improve our understanding of cognitive-behavioral factors in patients with cardiovascular disease, aiding their rehabilitation and optimizing their prognosis.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Factors Related to Outcomes in Depression Among Youth with HIV

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Factors Related to Outcomes in Depression Among Youth with HIV

Determinants of self-perceived quality of life in mildly disabled multiple sclerosis patients: a cross-sectional study.

While the determinants influencing self-perceived health-related quality of life (spHRQoL) in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) and severe physical impairment have been well investigated, their impact on pwMS with mild disability is poorly addressed. We aimed to investigate possible drivers of spHRQoL among Sardinian pwMS with an EDSS lower than 2.5. A sample of 87 fully ambulatory (EDSS < 2.5) pwMS were included after screening for major cognitive impairment. spHRQoL was measured with the Italian version of 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). The Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) were used as dependent variables for univariate analysis with Cognitive Behavioral Assessment (CBA) and specific individual factors as independent variables. Subsequent multivariate general linear models (GLMs) for PCS and MCS respectively were run after stepwise regression. Normative data referring to Italian population were used for comparison. As compared to normative data, no statistically significant difference was found for PCS, while MCS was reduced. Multivariate GLMs showed a significant association between lower PCS scores and presence of psychosomatic symptoms, older age and fatigue (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a significant association was shown between lower MCS scores and presence of anxiety (p < 0.001). Mood, presence of psychosomatic symptoms, fatigue and age can have a relevant impact on spHRQoL in people with mildly disabling MS and should be considered in the management of such individuals.

Psychosocial characteristics of workers with irritable bowel syndrome and its relationship with abdominal symptoms and work productivity.

This study aimed to validate the psychosocial characteristics and work-related challenges faced by workers exhibiting symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and to clarify the factors that exacerbate abdominal symptoms or hinder work productivity by focusing on IBS-related cognitive-behavioral factors and job-related stressors. An online survey was conducted from October 5 to October 20, 2023, among workers in Japan aged 20-49years with more than 30hours of work per week, excluding managers and the self-employed. The data were obtained from 1062 participants (including 551 women and 329 individuals with IBS). The levels of depression in the IBS group were significantly higher than those in the Non-IBS group (P < .05). Cognitive-behavioral variables associated with abdominal symptoms were positively correlated with work productivity (r = 0.367-0.483, P < .001). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis with IBS symptoms and work productivity as dependent variables revealed a significant effect of the interaction between maladaptive cognition related to abdominal symptoms and job control on IBS symptoms (β = -.164, P = .002). The association between maladaptive cognition and IBS symptoms was more pronounced when job control was lower. Additionally, IBS symptoms (β = .130-.214, P < .05), maladaptive cognition (β = .196-.233, P < .01), and job overload (β = .106-.108, P < .05) significantly influenced work productivity. Maladaptive cognition regarding abdominal symptoms may lead to more severe abdominal symptoms in situations with a low sense of work control. Beyond cognitive-behavioral interventions for IBS, enhancing the sense of control over work environments is expected to contribute to alleviating abdominal symptoms and, consequently, enhancing work productivity.

Cognitive-behavioral statuses in depression and internet gaming disorder of adolescents: A transdiagnostic approach.

To investigate the comorbidity of adolescent depression and Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and their shared and unique cognitive-behavioral factors (i.e., self-esteem, dysfunctional attitudes, hopelessness, and coping), a large-scale school-based survey was conducted among 3147 Chinese secondary school students in Hong Kong. Probable depression and IGD were screened using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale and DSM-5 IGD checklist, respectively. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to identify the associations between different condition statuses and cognitive-behavioral factors. Four groups were identified, including comorbidity group (having probable depression and IGD), IGD group (having probable IGD alone), depression group (probable depression alone), and healthy group (neither condition). Comorbidity group showed the worst cognitive-behavioral statuses, followed by depression group and then IGD group. Compared with healthy group, those with lower self-esteem and higher hopelessness and dysfunctional attitudes were more likely to be classified into depression group and comorbidity group, while maladaptive coping was positively associated with all three disorder groups. The results suggest that depression and IGD may share common cognitive-behavioral mechanisms (e.g., maladaptive coping) but also own their uniqueness regarding specific factors (e.g., hopelessness and self-esteem). A transdiagnostic intervention approach targeting the common factors may effectively address the comorbidity.

Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial Testing the Efficacy of a Transdiagnostic Virtual Reality-Based Intervention for the Reduction of Unhealthy Lifestyles and Behaviors in the General Population

Virtual reality (VR) is a valuable tool for the treatment and prevention of psychiatric disorders and dysfunctional behaviors. Although VR software is mainly developed following a disorder-specific approach, this randomized controlled trial (RCT) will test the efficacy of a new transdiagnostic VR application (H.O.M.E. VR-based psychological intervention) in improving dysfunctional behaviors, three transdiagnostic factors concurrently (emotion regulation, experiential avoidance, and psychological flexibility), and stress. Three groups screened as at-risk for nicotine dependence, alcohol abuse, and eating disorders will be assigned to the H.O.M.E. VR intervention and compared to a waiting-list (WL) condition. Participants will be assessed before and after the H.O.M.E. intervention/WL and at the 3- and 6-month follow-ups in the levels of the displayed dysfunctional behavior, the three transdiagnostic factors, and stress. Changes in dysfunctional behaviors, transdiagnostic factors, and stress in each population VR group and differences in such improvements between each population of the VR and WL groups will be evaluated using mixed-model repeated measure analyses of variance. It is expected that, after the H.O.M.E. intervention and at follow-ups, participants will display improvements in physical and psychological health compared to controls. The H.O.M.E. protocol is expected to result in a cost-effective option to tackle cognitive–behavioral factors shared among several psychopathologies and dysfunctional behaviors.

Differential effects of the individualized gender-sensitive mHealth intervention I-GENDO on eating styles in individuals with overweight and obesity – a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundAddressing cognitive behavioral factors is associated with a favorable development of eating styles (i.e., increased levels of restrained eating, decreased levels of external and emotional eating) in individuals with overweight and obesity. Research suggests that the use of digital interventions that consider gender aspects regarding prevalence, comorbidities, and weight-related behaviors could enhance existing treatment options. This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the self-guided gender-sensitive mobile health intervention I-GENDO on restrained, emotional and external eating, body mass index, and physical activity at the end of the intervention, and at a 9- and 15-month follow-up.MethodsTwo hundred thirteen individuals (67% female, body mass index: 33.35 ± 3.79 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. Multilevel models were calculated to investigate differences between groups. I-GENDO offered interactive modules addressing psychological content associated with obesity. Users were able to self-tailor intervention content based on their individual needs and life realities.ResultsRestrained eating was higher in the intervention group after the intervention (95% CI: 0.20, 0.36) and at 9-months (95% CI: 0.07, 0.24). At 9-months, emotional eating among women was lower in the intervention group compared to the control group (95% CI: -0.44, -0,19). In the intervention group, external eating was lower after the intervention, which remained significant for women at 9 (95% CI: -0.40, -0.19) and 15-months (95% CI: -0.34, -0.13). Body mass index of men in the intervention group was 1.44 lower at 15-months than in the control group. No significant effects on physical activity were found.ConclusionsThe I-GENDO intervention was effective in changing restrained eating of both women and men in the long-term, suggesting that a self-guided, gender-sensitive approach is promising. However, the differential effects on the outcome measures indicate that more research is warranted to examine distinct gender-sensitive mechanisms of digital psychological interventions (i.e., dose–response relationship, blended counselling).Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04080193, 06–09-2019.

WHY STOP? A prospective observational vignette-based study to determine the cognitive-behavioural effects of rapid diagnostic PCR-based point-of-care test results on antibiotic cessation in ICU infections

ObjectivesPoint-of-care tests (POCTs) for infection offer accurate rapid diagnostics but do not consistently improve antibiotic stewardship (ASP) of suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia. We aimed to measure the effect of a negative...

Association Between Judgment Biases During Facial Processing and Body Dysmorphic Symptomatology

BackgroundRecent work has shown that judgment biases during facial processing serve as a correlate of dysmorphic concern. The current study aimed to replicate and extend this work by further testing larger model-congruent interrelations between judgment biases and intrusions, negative affect, maladaptive behaviors and social media investment.MethodsFemales reporting high (n = 30) vs. low (n = 33) dysmorphic concern categorized photographs of their own and other faces in terms of either attractiveness or gaze direction using the Biased Judgment-Dimension Task. To assess intrusions and maladaptive behaviors, participants completed the Task-Irrelevant Intrusions Task and a 3-day diary, respectively.ResultsResults revealed that, regardless of judgment required, individuals low in dysmorphic concern were faster to make judgments about attractive vs. unattractive photographs. We termed this novel and potentially protective bias “Efficient Processing of Attractive Self” (EPAS). Furthermore, EPAS patterns predicted lower dysmorphic concern, higher self-esteem, and reduced maladaptive behaviors, including reduced screen time.ConclusionsThese findings are consistent with a potential relevance of EPAS in maintaining dysmorphic concern. Associations with cognitive-behavioral factors highlight potential benefits of modifying these bias patterns during visually oriented interventions.

Neurobiological basis and risk factors of persistent fatigue and concentration problems after COVID-19: study protocol for a prospective case–control study (VeCosCO)

IntroductionThe risk factors for persistent fatigue and cognitive complaints after infection with SARS-CoV-2 and the underlying pathophysiology are largely unknown. Both clinical factors and cognitive-behavioural factors have been suggested to...

A cognitive-behavioral model of dyspnea: Qualitative interviews with individuals with advanced lung cancer.

Shortness of breath, or dyspnea, is the subjective experience of breathing discomfort and is a common, distressing, and debilitating symptom of lung cancer. There are no efficacious pharmacological treatments, but there is suggestive evidence that cognitive-behavioral treatments could relieve dyspnea. For this, understanding the psychological, behavioral, and social factors that may affect dyspnea severity is critical. To this end, patients with dyspnea were interviewed with questions framed by the cognitive-behavioral model-emphasizing thoughts, emotions, and behaviors as contributors and outcomes of dyspnea. Two trained individuals conducted semi-structured interviews with lung cancer patients (N = 15) reporting current dyspnea. Interviews assessed patients' cognitive-behavioral experiences with dyspnea. Study personnel used a grounded theory approach for qualitative analysis to code the interviews. Inter-rater reliability of codes was high (κ = 0.90). Thoughts: Most common were patients' catastrophic thoughts about their health and receiving enough oxygen when breathless. Emotions: Anxiety about dyspnea was the most common, followed by anger, sadness, and shame related to dyspnea. Behaviors: Patients rested and took deep breaths to relieve acute episodes of dyspnea. To reduce the likelihood of dyspnea, patients planned their daily activity or reduced their physical activity at the expense of engagement in hobbies and functional activities. Patients identified cognitive-behavioral factors (thoughts, emotions, and behaviors) that coalesce with dyspnea. The data provide meaningful insights into potential cognitive-behavioral interventions that could target contributors to dyspnea.

Presenting a paradigm model explaining marital satisfaction in Iranian blended family

Introduction: Marital satisfaction is a crucial state and Linked with the survival of a marriage for spouses and takes a different form in blended families. Aim: The purpose of this study was developing a conceptual model of explaining marital satisfaction of spouses in Iranian blended families using grounded theory. Method: In this qualitative grounded theory study, the statistical population included all couples in blended families living in Mashhad, Iran in 2022. A total of 21 couples were purposefully and voluntarily selected for in-depth semi-structured interviews. The interviews were continued until theoretical saturation and the data were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin’s method. Results: In the paradigmatic model, fifteen categories were obtained in six main dimensions: causal conditions (type and motivation of marriage, physical and psychological health, commitment, sexual satisfaction, imprinting, emotional factors, disposition, behavioral factors, personality and behavioral traits, parenting), central category (communication skills), strategical category (lawful living), contextual conditions (demographics), intervening conditions (economic and financial needs, extrafamilial needs, cooperation), and outcome (personal and social). Conclusion: The results indicated that communication skills, lawful living, physical and psychological health, commitment, sexual satisfaction, financial needs, cognitive-behavioral factors, personality traits, and parenting were linked with marital satisfaction of couples in blended families. Therefore, it is recommended to use the findings in premarital and marriage counseling for blended families and marriage enrichment programs.

Cognitive-behavioral factors in tinnitus-related insomnia.

A significant proportion of individuals with distressing tinnitus also report insomnia. Limited, but emerging, evidence suggests that tinnitus-related insomnia cannot be explained only by the presence of tinnitus and that sleep-related cognitive-behavioral processes may play a key role in exacerbating tinnitus-related insomnia. This study aimed to assess whether sleep-related cognitions and behaviors believed to maintain insomnia disorder are present in individuals with tinnitus-related insomnia. This between-groups study recruited 180 participants online for four groups: tinnitus-related insomnia (N = 49), insomnia disorder without tinnitus (N = 34), tinnitus sufferers who are good sleepers (N = 38), and controls (N = 59). They completed questionnaires assessing insomnia severity, sleep-related cognitions and behaviors, sleep quality, anxiety, and depression. People with tinnitus completed a measure of tinnitus severity and rated the loudness of their tinnitus on a subjective measure. Linear regression demonstrated that group significantly predicted sleep related thoughts and behaviors, and sleep quality. Pairwise comparisons showed that the tinnitus-related insomnia group had significantly greater insomnia-related thoughts and behaviors and significantly worse sleep quality than tinnitus-good sleepers. No differences were seen between the tinnitus-related insomnia and the insomnia groups. The tinnitus-related insomnia group had significantly higher depression, anxiety, and tinnitus distress than tinnitus-good sleepers. Findings suggest that tinnitus-related insomnia may be maintained by cognitive-behavioral processes similar to those found in insomnia disorder. Such processes are more important than tinnitus severity when understanding sleep disturbance. People with tinnitus-related insomnia may benefit from treatments such as cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia.

Forging a Sense of Community for the Chinese Nation through Centrally Compiled Educational Materials for Language Arts: Characteristics, Mechanisms, and Pathway

The centralized compilation and use of educational materials for the three subjects of language arts, ethics and the rule of law (ideology and politics), and history are important moves in the fundamental task of creating educational materials to build up the state’s authority and instill virtue and nurturing the young. Here, centrally compiled educational materials for language arts have unique advantages with respect to strengthening education in the standard spoken and written Chinese language, enhancing the cohesion of the Chinese nation, and so on, and they play an irreplaceable role in forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation. Centered on the “Five Identifications,” this study sets out from the three-dimensional perspective of cognitive factors, affective factors and behavioral factors, to build a framework for analysis of educational materials based on the connotations of the sense of community for the Chinese nation. The characteristics of the representation of the connotative factors of the sense of community for the Chinese nation in centrally compiled educational materials for language arts are: The educational materials comprehensively and emphatically embody the educational content of the “Five Identifications”; the educational content for the different types of identification comprehensively addresses educational objectives in the three areas of cognition, affection and behavior; and educational content on cultural identification is the most enriched. Among the inherent mechanisms for forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation through the centralized compilation of educational materials for language arts, the first is organically integrating the connotative factors of the sense of community for the Chinese nation on the basis of the patterns of the subject of language arts as well as curriculum standards; the second is to use cultural identification as a focal point in promoting education for the “Five Identifications,” while highlighting the unique value of the subject of language arts; and the third is to comprehensively strengthen education for identification with the community of the Chinese nation centered on the text selection system, in combination with the design of form factors and educational activities. The main pathways for forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation through the centralized compilation of educational materials for language arts are: (1) Synchronously strengthening identification with the community of the Chinese nation in the process of improving students’ language arts skills and accomplishments, based on the learning situation; (2) Creating three-dimensional educational objectives for education in the community of the Chinese nation on the basis of cognitive patterns, to build firm ideological foundations; (3) Applying diverse teaching methods and educational techniques to promote consolidation of the sense of community for the Chinese nation in language arts studies and in life.

Impact of psychosocial, behavioral and lifestyle factors on subjective cognitive complaints and perceived quality of life in a large cohort of Italian breast cancer patients.

The impact of psychosocial and behavioral factors on Cancer Related Cognitive Impairment manifestations is still under debate. Study's purpose is to determine the prevalence rate of cancer related cognitive impairment in a cohort of Italian breast cancer patients and to evaluate the implication of specific behavioral factors. For these purposes, a total of 233 women (106 breast cancer patients and 127 age-matched controls without oncological diagnosis) completed a questionnaire investigating cognitive functionality (FACT-Cog v3.0), sociodemographic characteristics, clinical information, psychosocial and behavioral factors (cognitive reserve, sleep quality, dietary habits, physical activity). The results indicated a higher prevalence rate of subjective cognitive complaints in breast cancer patients (37%) compared to a representative sample of women in the same age group without an oncological diagnosis (p < 0.001). Moreover, breast cancer patients showed significantly lower levels of cognitive reserve (p < 0.05) and worse sleep quality (p < 0.01) compared to age-matched controls. Further analysis revealed that breast cancer patients reporting subjective cognitive complaints differed significantly from breast cancer patients without subjective cognitive complaints on measures of perceived cognitive abilities (p < 0.001) and on the impact of cognitive difficulties on perceived quality of life (p < 0.01). Future studies are needed to examine behavioral directed interventions to prevent subjective cognitive deficits in breast cancer patients.

Neural activation, cognitive control, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Evaluating three competing etiological models.

Cognitive control impairments are observed across several psychiatric conditions, highlighting their role as a transdiagnostic marker. Individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have difficulties with inhibition, working memory, processing speed, and attention regulation. These cognitive control impairments may either mediate or moderate the association between neurobiological vulnerabilities and phenotypic presentation in neurodevelopmental disorders. Alternately, neurocognitive vulnerabilities in ADHD may be additive, akin to a multiple deficit model. We tested the mediation, moderation, and additive models using neurocognitive data in youth with ADHD. 7-11 year-old children diagnosed with ADHD (n = 75) and control children (n = 29) completed EEG recordings and neuropsychological testing (full scale IQ; cognitive control). Caregivers provided ADHD symptom ratings. Correlations and linear regression analyses were completed to examine the associations among cortical functioning (aperiodic slope), cognitive control, and ADHD symptoms. We found support for an additive model wherein vulnerabilities in aperiodic slope, event-related potentials, and cognitive control each explained unique variance in ADHD symptoms. There was some evidence that cognitive control moderates the effect of atypical cortical development on ADHD symptoms. There was no support for the mediation model. The etiology of ADHD symptoms is multifaceted and involves multiple "hits" across neurological and cognitive-behavioral factors.

Comparative study on effectiveness of myofascial release technique along with ultrasound therapy V/S myofascial release technique along with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in the fibromyalgia neck patients

Introduction: Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain syndrome characterized by wide spread musculoskeletal pain with multiple symptoms which include fatigue, sleep disturbance, cognitive dysfunction and psychological distress. It is one of the most common chronic pain conditions in the world. It has prevalence rate of 2% in the world population, and it’s found 1% to 4.9% in women population, 0% to 2.9% in men population. There are many aetiologies fibromyalgia such as Diet, Viral, Occupation, Seasonal, Environmental, Post traumatic stress disorder, Psychological and Cognitive behavioural factors are most common. Neck pain is one of the symptoms that experience with fibromyalgia. Aim: To compare the effect Myofascial Release technique along with Ultrasound Versus Myofascial Release technique along with Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in the Fibromyalgia Neck patients. Materials and Methods: This was a Randomised Control study. A total of 60 patients were divided into two groups of 30 each. Group A patients treated with Ultrasound along with MFR and Group B patients treated with TENS along with MFR and outcome measures were collected on day 1, at the end of 2nd week and at the end of 3rd week. Data from study were analysed using the statistical package SPSS 21.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) and level of significance was set at p