Cognitive Assessment Instruments Research Articles

Q-interactive: Training Implications for Accuracy and Technology Integration.

With the iPad-mediated cognitive assessment gaining popularity with school districts and the need for alternative modes for training and instruction during this COVID-19 pandemic, school psychology training programs will need to adapt to effectively train their students to be competent in administering, scoring, an interpreting cognitive assessment instruments. This manuscript describes a mixed methods study of graduate students learning both the traditional and digital format (Q-interactive) of the WISC-V, with the goal of improving training methods and reducing administration and scoring errors. Results indicated that more errors are made on the traditional format than on the digital format, but the errors that did occur on the digital format were on subtests that require clinical acumen. Q-interactive did not reduce errors related to more complex judgments and nuanced scoring. The participating graduate students were surveyed regarding their perceptions of each format, and they revealed a majority preference for the digital format. Training implications are discussed, and specific suggestions provided for how training programs may respond to our current situation by integrating Q-interactive into their assessment courses.

Needs Assessment QR Code Combination with Google Form for Online Cognitive Assessment

This study aims 1) to develop online cognitive assessment instruments that meet instrument criteria such as validity, reliability, level of difficulty, different power, 2) develop online cognitive assessment instrument using a combination of qr code and Google forms. The research method refers to the Borg and gall R&D research method. The research subjects were students who were taking theoretical and practice courses on table tennis physical education and recreation education program IKIP Budi Utomo Malang Class of 2017. The results of the initial research of the needs analysis phase given to students and lecturers were 1) cognitive assessment instruments used were still have not met the eligibility criteria, 2) online media has not been used to conduct cognitive assessments, 3) students and lecturers agree if an online cognitive assessment instrument is developed in accordance with the instrument eligibility criteria and the media used a combination of qr code with Google forms.

Assessing sleep quality in older adults: A comparison of three measurement approaches

Discrepancies between subjective and objective sleep measures have been reported for some time; however, it is critical to consider the implications of inaccurate or incomplete sleep assessment for frail older adults who are struggling to maintain independence. To compare sleep assessment methods, we collected objective sleep measurements (via wrist actigraphy), subjective measures via self-report sleep surveys (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; Insomnia Severity Index, Sleep Hygiene Index), and qualitative data through semi-structured audio-recorded interviews, from 8 older adults who self-reported sleep problems while living in a retirement community in southwestern US. Participants’ objective sleep (Total Sleep Time, Sleep Onset Latency, Wake After Sleep Onset, and Sleep Efficiency) and qualitative narratives were congruent, but self-report measures failed to capture several unique sleep problems identified in the sample. Disordered sleep in older adults has been linked to increased incidence of falls, depression and anxiety, cognitive impairment, institutionalization, and mortality, but traditional sleep assessment instruments, designed for the general adult population, fail to capture many of the experiences and causes that are unique to older adults. functioning. A sleep assessment tool designed to measure older people’s sleep experiences could provide more accurate and sensitive data.

The Mexican Cognitive Aging Ancillary Study (Mex-Cog): Study Design and Methods

ObjectiveDescribe the protocol sample and instruments of the Cognitive Aging Ancillary Study in Mexico (Mex-Cog). The study performs an in-depth cognitive assessment in a subsample of older adults of the ongoing Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS). The Mex-Cog is part of the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) design to facilitate cross-national comparisons of the prevalence and trends of dementia in aging populations around the world, funded by the National Institute on Aging (NIA). MethodsThe study protocol consists of a cognitive assessment instrument for the target subject and an informant questionnaire. All cognitive measures were selected and adapted by a team of experts from different ongoing studies following criteria to warrant reliable and comparable cognitive instruments. The informant questionnaire is from the 10/66 Dementia Study in Mexico. ResultsA total of 2,265 subjects aged 55-104 years participated, representing a 70% response rate. Validity analyses showed the adequacy of the content validity, proper quality-control procedures that sustained data integrity, high reliability, and internal structure. ConclusionsThe Mex-Cog study provides in-depth cognitive data that enhances the study of cognitive aging in two ways. First, linking to MHAS longitudinal data on cognition, health, genetics, biomarkers, economic resources, health care, family arrangements, and psychosocial factors expands the scope of information on cognitive impairment and dementia among Mexican adults. Second, harmonization with other similar studies around the globe promotes cross-national studies on cognition with comparable data. Mex-Cog data is publicly available at no cost to researchers.

HIGH ORDER THINKING SKILLS: HOW IS IT INTEGRATED WITH COGNITIVE ASSESSMENT?

Curriculum 2013 integrates High-Order-Thinking Skills in the learning process. In primary schools, it has been implemented in 3rd and 6th grade. The activities require students to explore their higher level of thinking in viewing cases. Yet, teachers are not ready to develop any assessment integrated with HOTS, even for cognitive aspects. This research aims to develop a HOTS-based cognitive assessment instrument for third grade students of elementary school. The instrument consists of criteria, questions, answer keys, and scoring guidelines. It is a Research and Development (R&D) with Four-D model: define, design, develop, and disseminate. However, it is only conducted until the third step due to the Covid-19 Crisis. Four experts with major in elementary education studies are assigned as reviewers. The results show that it is developed by using Four-D model. It is also considered to be very valid based on five indicators such as design (0.8), diction and grammar (0.94), content suitability (0.88), completion (0.89), and practicality (0.81). Hence, it is suggested to be used with minor revisions.

Factors related to self-care activities adherence of older adults with diabetes

Diabetes mellitus treatment is complex and involves several activities. Its goal is to control the disease and prevent complications. The success of this treatment includes adherence to self-care. This study aimed at identifying factors related to self-care activities adherence in community older adults with diabetes. Cross-sectional, observational and analytical study with a quantitative approach to data, conducted with 140 older people. We used the following instruments: Mini-Mental State Examination for cognitive assessment, socio-demographic and clinical characterization instrument, Brazilian Functional and Multidimensional Assessment Questionnaire to verify the self-reported morbidities, Abbreviated Geriatric Depression Scale to investigate the presence of depressive symptoms and Diabetes Self-Care Activities Questionnaire to assess activities adherence related to self-management of people with diabetes. The results of this study indicated that self-care activities with higher adherence were: “taking the indicated number of diabetes pills” (6.6 ± 1.2), “taking insulin injections as recommended” (6.2 ± 2.0), “drying the spaces between the toes after wash them” (4.6 ± 3.2) and “following a healthy diet” (4.5 ± 2.7). The self-care activities with smallest adherence were: “performing specific physical activities (walking, swimming, etc.)” (0.9 ± 1.9), “performing physical activities for at least 30 minutes” (1.2 ± 2.2), “evaluation of blood sugar as times as recommended” (1.2 ± 2.3), “sweets intake” (1.3 ± 1.7) and “evaluation of blood sugar” (1.4 ± 2.3). Regarding smoking, 88.6% were not smokers. Factors related to self-care measures were: gender, indicating greater adherence of women, education level, and number of morbidities, suggesting that adherence to the feet care domain is directly proportional to education and number of morbidities. However, this same domain was inversely proportional to depression, indicating that there was greater adherence in those people without depressive symptoms. The factors associated with the adherence to self-care activities observed in this research contributed to the planning of strategies to prevent diabetes mellitus complications and promote improvements in the life and health of the older adults in the community.

Validação do instrumento “teste seu cérebro” para idosos: versão para Ipad

AIMS: Validate the application for iPad (Apple, California, USA) “Teste seu Cérebro” as well as establish cutoff point between normal seniors and Mild Neurocognitive Impairment.METHODS: In a prospective cross-sectional study, elderly subjects who attended the neuropsychology clinic of a tertiary health hospital in the southern region of Brazil and the community in general underwent cognitive assessment using two instruments: the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (Gold Standard Test) and the “Teste seu Cérebro”. These results served as a parameter to validate the said application from a diagnostic test and to establish the cutoff point between normal elderly and mild cognitive impairment; the following statistical measures were determined: sensitivity and specificity, internal consistency and reliability reached by the McDonald’s Omega coefficient and Pearson’s correlation coefficient, respectively. The average “Teste seu Cérebro” cutoff point to detect cases classified as mild neurocognitive impairment by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment was obtained through the ROC curve. Evaluations include functions such as memory, attention / orientation, fluency, language, and visuospatial skills. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 104 participants with mean age of 70.3 (standard deviation = 6.6), with a minimum age of 60 and a maximum of 87 years. An acceptable reliability was achieved for the “Teste seu Cérebro” application by analyzing the internal consistency. In the comparison between the general scores of the two instruments (Teste seu Cérebro and Montreal Cognitive Assessment), where the result showed a statistically significant correlation, positive and classified as moderate. The cutoff point of the “Teste seu Cérebro” scores that best discriminated patients with mild neurocognitive impairment diagnosed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment was 89.5%, that is, scores below or equal to that percentage reached higher sensitivity and specificity for the instrument. No influence of sociodemographic variables such as sex, age and schooling were identified on the linearity relationship between the “Teste seu Cérebro” and Montreal Cognitive Assessment instruments. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the “Teste seu Cérebro” instrument can be safely used to identify early and accurately the presence of Mild Neurocognitive Impairment in the elderly population. New studies will be directed to the validation of the instrument “Teste seu Cérebro” in the identification of other types of cognitive disorders, in addition to Mild Neurocognitive Impairment.

The Development of Assessment Instruments Non-Cognitive by Teachers

This study aims to (1) describe clearly and comprehensively about the quality of non-cognitive assessment instruments made by elementary school teachers, (2) develop procedures for developing non-cognitive assessment instruments made by teachers, (3) develop non-cognitive assessment instruments made by teachers. To realize this goal, researchers used three structured research designs. The first design is survey research to describe the quality of non-cognitive assessment instruments made by teachers. The instruments studied are survey data, which are illuminated by non-cognitive instruments constructed by the teacher in the Lesson Plan (RPP). Furthermore, from the results of a review of the teacher's non-cognitive assessment instruments, a guidebook on the procedure for developing cognitive assessment instruments made by teachers will be developed. The development of the guidebook uses development procedures (R & D). In the third draft, the researcher and the teacher developed a non-cognitive assessment instrument in the workshop. This workshop is the application of the guidebook that has been prepared. The procedure for preparing instruments uses steps (a) development of instrument specifications, (b) instrument writing, (c) instrument review, (d) instrument assembly (for testing purposes), (e) instrument testing, (f) results analysis trial, (g) instrument selection and assembly, (h) printing instruments, (i) administration of instruments, and (j) preparation of scales and norms. The whole series of studies will produce outputs (a) research reports, financial reports, and logbooks, (b) articles that have been discussed, (c) guidelines for preparing non-cognitive assessment instruments made by teachers that can be used as teaching materials and alternative materials for drafting training assessment instruments, (d) scientific publications in accredited journals, (e) a collection of validated non-cognitive assessment instruments made by teachers.

End-of-Life Attitudes and Experiences Compared among LVAD Recipients with and with-out Mild Cognitive Impairment

Background Over the last 10 years, the number of patients with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD), has increased exponentially. Despite the increase in use of these devices to treat advanced end-stage heart failure (HF), the one-year mortality rate remains high at around 20%. In patients with advanced HF, it is common to experience cognitive impairment. Up to 75% of the HF population is thought to have mild cognitive impairment, which is related to increased readmission rates and higher mortality. Guidelines provided by professional organizations urge providers to discuss end-of-life scenarios with LVAD patients and their caregivers. The purpose of this study was to explore the attitudes and experiences of patients with an LVAD related to end-of-life scenarios and pump exchange, and to identify if mild cognitive impairment affected end-of-life decision-making. Hypothesis We hypothesized that those with mild-cognitive impairment may have had more end-of-life discussions due to their higher risks of readmission and mortality associated with mild cognitive impairment. Methods A cross-sectional, correlational study design was used, with 30 LVAD patients completing an end-of-life questionnaire and a validated cognitive assessment instrument. Patients were studied during a clinic visit for LVAD care. Results Of the 29 patients who were able to complete the cognitive assessment, 79% met criteria for mild cognitive impairment. There were no differences in the experiences and attitudes regarding end-of-life between those with mild cognitive impairment, and those with normal cognition. A total of 58% of the cohort had discussed end-of-life scenarios with a provider, and over 60% had discussed what a pump exchange involved, while 44% of the total cohort said they never wanted to have a conversation about end-of-life with their provider. A total of 73% of participants said they would want to have a pump exchange even if they were seriously ill and suffering from a terminal illness other than HF. Conclusions Despite having higher mortality rates in the HF population, those with mild cognitive impairment had similar experiences and attitudes regarding end-of-life. There are still many misconceptions regarding decision-making related to the end-of-life and pump exchange for patients with an LVAD, and moving forward it is important to identify factors that may influence these decision-making processes.

KOMPETENSI GURU MIN SABANG DALAM MELAKSANAKAN EVALUASI PEMBELAJARAN; Telaah atas Konstruksi Instrumen Penilaian Berbasis Kurikulum 2013

This study aims to obtain information about the competence of MIN Sabang teachers in compiling authentic assessment instruments, and to find forms of difficulties faced by teachers in developing cognitive, affective, and psychomotor instruments. This is a qualitative research with descriptive approach method with document study questionnaire, and interview data collectio technique. Documentation data were analyzed in accordance with the rules for preparing questions, and questionnaire was analyzed quantitatively using percentage formula. The interview data were analyzed thematically. Based on the distribution of questionnaire data to 27 MIN Sabang teachers, document study and interview with 6 teachers of the school, the findings shwoed that MIN Sabang teachers had good competence in developing cognitive assessment instruments, but were less competent in developing affective and psychomotor assessment instruments. The perceived difficulties in preparing assessment instruments are in developing indicators of basic competence, determining operational verbs, compiling communicative languages, arranging aspects that are assessed, adjusting between indicators and question instruments/aspects of assessment, and determining options for answers to the question of multiple choices and matching items.

Cognitive improvement after carotid artery stenting in patients with symptomatic internal carotid artery near-occlusion

Background and purposeTo investigate the influence of carotid artery stenting (CAS) with embolic protection device (EPD) on the cognitive function of patients with near-occlusion of the cervical internal carotid artery (ICA). MethodsFrom February 2014 to December 2017, a total of 79 symptomatic patients were recruited in this study. Of these patients, 31 patients refused to receive CAS therapy. They were divided into the CAS group (48 patients) and the medical treatment group (31 patients). Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) instrument was used for the evaluation of cognitive function. The analyzed endpoints included cumulative 12 month incidence of ipsilateral ischemic cerebrovascular events and MoCA scores at 1 month and 12 months after treatment. ResultsCumulative 12 months incidence of ipsilateral ischemic cerebrovascular events was lower in patients who underwent CAS than in patients on medical treatment (P < 0.05). In CAS group, the total MoCA score, scores of attention and delayed recall at months 1 and 12 increased when compared with those at baseline (P < 0.05). In medical treatment group, the total MoCA score and attention score at month 12 decreased when compared with those at baseline (P < 0.05). In CAS group, the total MoCA score, scores of line connection test, drawing clock, attention and delayed recall were improved at 1 and 12 months when compared with medical treatment at the same time points (P < 0.05). ConclusionsCAS with EPD not only decreases the risk of ipsilateral TIA and stroke but also may improve the cognitive function of symptomatic patients with ICA near-occlusion.

Cognitive assessment instruments used in elderly Brazilians in the last five years.

Detecting and monitoring cognitive deficits in elderly populations are necessary, as they can impact individuals´ functionality. This integrative review aims to analyze the scientific production on the use of cognitive assessment instruments in Brazilian elderly individuals through articles published in the last five years, indexed in the Web of Science, Pubmed, Scopus and Bireme databases. Inclusion criteria were original articles published in English and Portuguese from 2012 to 2016, the age criterion to define elderly individuals and scores higher than 6 in the adapted CASP. The exclusion criterion was conference abstracts submitted for publication. The final sample consisted of 100 articles. Sixty-one cognitive assessment instruments were used in the studies, especially the Mini-Mental State Examination. This review features the use of cognitive instruments in the Brazilian literature, their different versions and domains evaluated. The literature includes a large number of instruments. The most used tests were the MMSE (version proposed by Brucki et al.), the Verbal Fluency Test ("animal" category) and the Digit Span Memory Test (forward span and backward span). The findings presented in this review are relevant not only for observational and experimental research but also for clinical practice.

Cognitive dysfunction in major depression: From assessment to novel therapies.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a disabling disease associated with profound functional impairment. Cognitive deficits, increasingly recognised as a core feature of MDD, reduce educational, occupational and social outcomes, and impair quality of life and functionality. Unlike cognitive impairments associated with schizophrenia (CIAS), cognitive impairments in depression have been under diagnosed and are poorly understood. Consensus has yet to be reached regarding the nature of these deficits, their appropriate assessment and treatment options. It is unclear whether existing treatments have an impact on cognitive deficits. Here, we conduct a thorough and extensive review of recent published work on this unmet clinical need (2014-2018). We evaluate the validity of available assessment tools, and examine the evidence for efficacy of current and novel pharmacological therapies. From our analysis, we have established that cognitive deficits are indeed widespread in MDD patients. The THINC-it tool, a recently validated and sensitive cognitive assessment instrument, shows promise for earlier detection of cognitive impairment associated with MDD and could easily be applied in clinical practice. Several potential novel therapies are emerging. Methodological inconsistencies and small underpowered studies, however, have led to conflicting results and inconclusive evidence. Our recommendations include: development of a standardised neurocognitive test battery for MDD, improving clinical trial design, investigating sex differences, and patient stratification. These changes should support the development of improved therapeutic strategies for cognitive dysfunction in MDD patients, as well as facilitate their use in clinical practice.

Neurological monitoring as a safety system in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass

Objective: to evaluate the adequate cerebral perfusion in patients who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods: an observational, analytical, prospective and multicentric study was conducted. All adults patients scheduled for cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass were included, with hospital admission at least the day before the intervention, with a negative Pfeiffer test, without communication problems, and with informed consent. Cerebral monitoring with Masimo ROOT 03® was used with encephalogram measurement (4 channels), cerebral oximetry and anesthetic depth. As a pre and postoperative cognitive assessment instrument we used the Pfeiffer test. Results: 19 patients with a mean age of 64.8 ± 11.5 years were included. The postoperative Pfeiffer test showed no cognitive impairment in 78.9% of the cases. While the remaining 21.1% had mild cognitive impairment (1 patient had ischemic damage). In this group, all were valvular patients, older than 65 years of age, and had maximum glycemias greater than 180 mg/dL. In 75% of the patients with cognitive impairment, the baseline SrO2 was less than 57%, there was sustained hypotension at sometime during surgery and it had a decrease of more than 20% of its basal SrO2. Conclusions: Continuous brain monitoring (electroencephalogram, cerebral oxygen saturation, anesthetic depth, suppression rate) during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass is a reliable, valid and necessary safety measure to improve the quality of perfusion and surgical patient care.

Penerapan Bermain Tembak Ikan untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa

This study aims to determine the increase in throwing learning outcomes through a play approach to students. This Classroom Action Research is qualitative research, which lasts for 2 cycles involving all 40 grade IV students. Data analysis techniques, using the results of observations as well as psychomotor, affective and cognitive assessment instruments. Based on the results obtained, in cycle 1, the average cognitive value of the average student scores 26 out of 30, for affective, the average student is perfect, 20 out of 20, and for psychomotor scores, reaches 37 out of a maximum of 50 points, the average accumulative value for this cycle is 83 from a maximum value of 100, and KKM completeness reaches 72.5%. In cycle 2 there is an increase in cognitive and psychomotor aspects. For the cognitive aspect, the average rose by 1 point to 27. For the affective aspect, because the value was maximal in cycle 1, there was no increase, and survived at an average value of 20. For psychomotor values, the average value also rose 3 points to 40. Of the three aspects such an increase in the average accumulative value of 4 points, which is 87, and KKM completeness also increased from 72.5% to 92.5%. Based on the results above, it can be concluded that the game of shooting fish can improve students' abilities and learning outcomes in throwing basic motion in grade IV SDN 22 Koto Baru Kubung District Solok Regency. The author also makes suggestions to students to be more active in practicing to improve psychomotor abilities, both in Penjasorkes lessons, and in the surrounding environment with games that can trigger motoric development, and for teachers to be more creative and innovative in developing material - material that fits the curriculum, but can provide a new atmosphere, so that students are more enthusiastic in following lesson. Penjasorkes teachers are also advised to be more aware of the physical limits of students, so that they can be more appropriate in developing the material, so that it is in accordance with the abilities of the students.

Assessment of Cognitive skills via Human-robot Interaction and Cloud Computing

Technological advances are increasing the range of applications for artificial intelligence, especially through its embodiment within humanoid robotics platforms. This promotes the development of novel systems for automated screening of neurological conditions to assist the clinical practitioners in the detection of early signs of mild cognitive impairments. This article presents the implementation and the experimental validation of the first robotic system for cognitive assessment, based on one of the most popular platforms for social robotics, Softbank Pepper, which administers and records a set of multi-modal interactive tasks to engage the user cognitive abilities. The robot intelligence is programmed using the state-of-the-art IBM Watson AI Cloud services, which provide the necessary capabilities for improving the social interaction and scoring the tests. The system has been tested by healthy adults (N = 35) and we found a significant correlation between the automated scoring and the MoCA, one of the most widely used paper-and-pencil tests. We conclude that the system can be considered as a screening instrument for cognitive assessment.

Current approaches to dementia screening and case finding in low- and middle-income countries: Research update and recommendations.

Approximately 47 million people have dementia worldwide, with this figure, it is expected to almost triple by 2050. Most people with dementia (approximately two-thirds) live in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This presents a significant challenge for such countries that often have limited financial resources and less well-developed health and social care systems. In the absence of a cure, reducing the future costs of dementia care and burden of disease may be best achieved by a greater emphasis on (1) more timely diagnosis with earlier intervention to maintain functional independence and (2) undertaking "screening" in groups at high risk of developing dementia, case finding, and using brief cognitive assessment instruments. In clinical settings, a wide range of instruments for dementia screening and diagnosis are currently available; however, few cognitive assessment tools have been developed specifically for clinical use within LMIC settings. Screening for dementia and cognitive impairment in LMICs largely relies on tools adapted from high-income countries (HICs); these often lack validation in these settings leading to education, literacy, and cultural biases. Research is urgently needed to develop cognitive assessment tools and dementia diagnostic approaches that are appropriate and feasible for clinical use in LMIC settings.

Effect of combined bifidobacteria supplementation and resistance training on cognitive function, body composition and bowel habits of healthy elderly subjects.

Physical exercise exerts favourable effects on brain health and quality of life of the elderly; some of these positive health effects are induced by the modulation of microbiota composition. We therefore conducted a randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled trial that assessed whether a combination of Bifidobacterium spp. supplementation and moderate resistance training improved the cognitive function and other health-related parameters in healthy elderly subjects. Over a 12-week period, 38 participants (66-78 years) underwent resistance training and were assigned to the probiotic Bifidobacterium supplementation (n=20; 1.25×1010 cfu each of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum BB536, B. longum subsp. infantis M-63, Bifidobacterium breve M-16V and B. breve B-3) or the placebo (n=18) group. At baseline and at 12 weeks, we assessed the cognitive function, using the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment instrument (MoCA-J); modified flanker task scores; depression-anxiety scores; body composition; and bowel habits. At 12 weeks, the MoCA-J scores showed a significant increase in both the groups, while the flanker task scores of the probiotic group increased more significantly than those of the placebo group (0.35±0.9 vs -0.29±1.1, P=0.056). Only the probiotic group showed a significant decrease in the depression-anxiety scores (5.2±6.3 to 3.4±5.5, P=0.012) and body mass index (24.0±2.8 to 23.5±2.8 kg/m2, P<0.001), with a significant increase in the defecation frequency (5.3±2.3 to 6.4±2.3 times/5 days, P=0.023) at 12 weeks. Thus, in healthy elderly subjects, combined probiotic bifidobacteria supplementation and moderate resistance training may improve the mental condition, body weight and bowel movement frequency.

Rationale and design for the detection and neurological impact of cerebrovascular events in non-cardiac surgery patients cohort evaluation (NeuroVISION) study: a prospective international cohort study

ObjectivesCovert stroke after non-cardiac surgery may have substantial impact on duration and quality of life. In non-surgical patients, covert stroke is more common than overt stroke and is associated with...

The Use of Affective and Cognitive Assessment on the Learning of Mirrors and Lenses through the Inquiry Laboratory Approach

This study aims to examine the use of affective and cognitive assesment on the learning of mirrors and lenses with inquiry laboratory approach. The research conducted by experimental design and involved 30 students of class VIII at one of secondary high school in Samarinda, Indonesia as research subjects. Quantitative data were collected using an observation sheet for affective assessment and an essay model test instrument for cognitive assessment. Affective aspects include receiving, responding, appreciating, managing, and characterizing. Cognitive aspects for the dimensions of knowledge include factual, conceptual, and procedural, while its cognitive processes include remembering, understanding, applying, and analyzing. The learning of mirrors and lenses were taught using the inquiry laboratory approach. The approach stage of inquiry laboratory includes observation, manipulation, generalization, verification, and application. The results showed a positive correlation between affective and cognitive abilities, students with high affective abilities showed high cognitive abilities too and vice versa. The findings showed that the inquiry laboratory approach helps increase the interest and motivation and helps students to understand the concepts of mirrors and lenses.