Cognitive Absorption Research Articles

Managerial Perception of AI in Strategic Decision-Making

ABSTRACT Given the growing use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in strategic endeavors, it is important to comprehend its potential in facilitating strategic decision-making (SDM). Data collected through semi-structured interviews and cognitive absorption theory were used to examine viewpoints and perceptions of 20 AI experts at middle-level management positions toward the use of AI in SDM. As a result, many key concepts emerge, including human dependence, evaluation of emotions, and building trust, among others. Subsequently, a proposed AI-acceptance-avoidance framework has been presented to address primary concerns and aspects that influence trust or lack of trust in AI, as well as inclination toward accepting or avoiding it for SDM. In process, the study has attempted to extend cognitive absorption theory.

Cognitive Absorption during Interaction with Short-Form Travel Videos and Its Influence on Users' Intentions to Travel

Cognitive Absorption during Interaction with Short-Form Travel Videos and Its Influence on Users' Intentions to Travel

Enhancing learning experiences: EEG-based passive BCI system adapts learning speed to cognitive load in real-time, with motivation as catalyst.

Computer-based learning has gained popularity in recent years, providing learners greater flexibility and freedom. However, these learning environments do not consider the learner's mental state in real-time, resulting in less optimized learning experiences. This research aimed to explore the effect on the learning experience of a novel EEG-based Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) that adjusts the speed of information presentation in real-time during a learning task according to the learner's cognitive load. We also explored how motivation moderated these effects. In accordance with three experimental groups (non-adaptive, adaptive, and adaptive with motivation), participants performed a calibration task (n-back), followed by a memory-based learning task concerning astrological constellations. Learning gains were assessed based on performance on the learning task. Self-perceived mental workload, cognitive absorption and satisfaction were assessed using a post-test questionnaire. Between-group analyses using Mann-Whitney tests suggested that combining BCI and motivational factors led to more significant learning gains and an improved learning experience. No significant difference existed between the BCI without motivational factor and regular non-adaptive interface for overall learning gains, self-perceived mental workload, and cognitive absorption. However, participants who undertook the experiment with an imposed learning pace reported higher overall satisfaction with their learning experience and a higher level of temporal stress. Our findings suggest BCI's potential applicability and feasibility in improving memorization-based learning experiences. Further work should seek to optimize the BCI adaptive index and explore generalizability to other learning contexts.

Investigating the Role of Psychological Capital in Academic Procrastination and Adjustment among Chinese University Students

Objectives: A close inter-connectivity of students with the virtual world through the Internet has been perceived as a major source of potential harm to students' academic life and activities. This study aimed to highlight the role of cognitive absorption and psychological capital on students' academic performance and academic procrastination with the mediation of cyberloafing. Aligned with the main theme of the research, the directly affected group, i. e., the students, were targeted as unit of analysis followed by quantitative primary data collection from them. Methods: The software SPSS with simple linear regression and hierarchal regression were selected for data evaluation and results derivation. Results: The study implied the facts that the psychological capital and cognitive absorption were significant for enhancing academic performance directly as well as indirectly. In the case of academic procrastination, the study encountered negative impacts on the academic procrastination and insignificant impact of psychological capital through cyberloafing. Conclusion: With these results, the study identified that the constructive psychological capital and a healthy cognitive absorption capacity was beneficial for students to maintain their performance and overcome their laziness in academic activities. Likewise, in this domain, cyberloafing is effective if utilized within the academic domain.

The Effects of Flipped Classroom Model on Academic Achievement, Academic Motivation and Cognitive Absorption

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of flipped classroom model on academic achievement, academic motivation and cognitive absorption. The study was conducted with a group of 68 freshman students studying at a vocational school’s “Computer Programming” department in the 2019-2020 academic year. A quasi-experimental framework with pre-test/post-test was employed in the research and the participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group. In the experimental group (n=38), flipped classroom model was utilized and in the control group (n=30), the traditional classroom model was employed. The experimental process of the study continued for 5 weeks, 4 weeks of training and 1 week of orientation. Demographic Information Form, Academic Achievement Test, Academic Motivation Scale and Cognitive Absorption Scale were used for data collection. To analyze the data, Independent Samples T-Test, Paired Sample T-Test, Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, Spearman Correlation and Mann-Whitney U Tests were used. The findings showed that the experimental group had higher levels of academic achievement compared to the control group. Besides, it was found that there is no discrepancy between in-group and intergroup academic motivation. Although the pre- and post-test results of the experimental group students, who took cognitive absorption scale, did not show a statistically significant difference, the results indicate a modest level of connection between cognitive absorption and academic motivation.

Connecting Minds and Screens: The Mediating Influence of Cyberloafing on Cognitive Absorption and Social Well-Being

Social well-being is a part of subjective well-being used to measure mental health as a measurement of mental health, which is an indicator of quality of life. People can achieve social well-being when they have a good and deep quality relationship with others. However, people use technology almost daily, impairing their social well-being. Moreover, they also tend to do cyberloafing, which makes them spend more time on their gadget. This project's principal objective was to investigate cyberloafing's effect on cognitive absorption and social well-being. A quantitative method using three questionnaires (cognitive absorption scale, cyberloafing questionnaire, and social well-being) involving 178 respondents was employed. The data was analyzed using Mediation Analysis in JASP software. The findings indicated a partial mediation in cyberloafing on the relationship between cognitive absorption and cyberloafing.

Exploring consumers’ adoption and recommendation in smart retailing: a cognitive absorption perspective

Exploring consumers’ adoption and recommendation in smart retailing: a cognitive absorption perspective

Towards the development of an automated robotic storyteller: comparing approaches for emotional story annotation for non-verbal expression via body language

AbstractStorytelling is a long-established tradition and listening to stories is still a popular leisure activity. Caused by technization, storytelling media expands, e.g., to social robots acting as multi-modal storytellers, using different multimodal behaviours such as facial expressions or body postures. With the overarching goal to automate robotic storytelling, we have been annotating stories with emotion labels which the robot can use to automatically adapt its behavior. With it, three different approaches are compared in two studies in this paper: 1) manual labels by human annotators (MA), 2) software-based word-sensitive annotation using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count program (LIWC), and 3) a machine learning based approach (ML). In an online study showing videos of a storytelling robot, the annotations were validated, with LIWC and MA achieving the best, and ML the worst results. In a laboratory user study, the three versions of the story were compared regarding transportation and cognitive absorption, revealing no significant differences but a positive trend towards MA. On this empirical basis, the Automated Robotic Storyteller was implemented using manual annotations. Future iterations should include other robots and modalities, fewer emotion labels and their probabilities.

The predictors of academics' online information searching strategies: A structural model integrating cognitive absorption and digital literacy

Searching for information on online environments is a crucial part of today's academics' work. However, no published research has been identified that comprehensively focuses on academics' online information searching patterns. This study aimed to determine the predictor variables of academics' online information searching strategies. A structural model which seeks to explain the relationship between online information searching strategies and predictor variables was constructed. Data was collected with four different data collection instruments: “Personal Information Form”, “Online Information Searching Strategies Scales”, “Cognitive Absorption Scale”, and “Digital Literacy Scale”, which were collected from 501 academics from 18 different universities. SEM analysis techniques were used in the analysis of the data. Twenty-four hypotheses were tested through SEM analysis. The results of the analysis found that academics' online information search strategies can be predicted by digital literacy. Daily internet usage time has a significant effect on cognitive absorption. In addition, digital literacy has a mediating role between online information searching strategies and cognitive absorption.

The Nexus between Cognitive Absorption and AI Literacy of College Students as Moderated by Sex

This study examines how Cognitive Absorption and AI Literacy are related among college students, specifically looking at how sex moderates this link. The study uses a quantitative research strategy and a non-experimental correlational approach. Data was collected through Google Forms utilizing modified questions designed for AI Literacy and cognitive absorption. G*Power 3.2 was used for power analysis to determine the necessary sample size for the investigation. 372 college students from different higher education institutions in Region XI were selected to take part in the study by stratified random sampling. Reliability and validity tests, including Cronbach’s alpha, Average Variance Extracted (AVE), and Heterotrait-Monotrait Ratio (HTMT), were performed on the dataset before undertaking moderation analysis. Cognitive Absorption was identified as a key predictor of AI Literacy, showing a substantial impact size of 0.417. The moderating effect of sex, although statistically significant, had a minor effect size of 0.011. The corrected R-squared value of 0.378 indicates that the model, with all covariates, accounts for 37.8% of the variance in AI literacy.

Glove versus controller: the effect of VR gloves and controllers on presence, embodiment, and cognitive absorption

Introduction: Using our own hands allows humans to interact with the real world, as we learn from an early age. Virtual reality (VR) gloves allow a similar interaction in VR by transferring hand movements through natural mapping. Research outside the VR domain has already shown that this process creates a high level of presence and perceived naturalness. Research in the VR context, on the other hand, is still in an early stage and lacks explorative qualitative research following a human-centered approach and including the direct perceptions of users on mapped controls in system design. Against that background, this research investigates natural mapping in the VR context qualitatively. The study examines how participants experience VR input devices with different degrees of natural mapping (VR gloves, a Valve index controller, and an HTC Vive controller) on perceived naturalness, spatial presence, embodiment, and cognitive absorption.Methods: A focus group (N = 20 aged 22–36) did the VR experience with the devices and was asked about their experience in semi-structured interviews. Questions focused on perceived naturalness, spatial presence, cognitive absorption, and embodiment with the three devices. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.Results: Feedback on spatial presence was widely positive for the VR glove due to the highly natural perceived movement capabilities. Mapping with the partly mapped index controller was also seen as natural and immersing if the movement matched the operated actions in the system. Participants mainly perceived the highest degree of cognitive absorption and embodiment while doing the task with the VR glove.Discussion: The findings indicate that the natural mapping capabilities of VR input devices strongly influence spatial presence. The VR glove stands out while being able to induce a feeling of embodiment in most cases. Furthermore, participants reported a connection between natural mapping and perceived cognitive absorption in the task.

The role of para-social relationship in live streaming virtual gift purchase: a two-stage SEM-neural network analysis

PurposeDespite the burgeoning popularity of virtual gifting in live streaming, research lacks an in-depth understanding of the drivers behind this behavior. Using para-social relationship (PSR), this study aims to capture viewers’ lively social feelings toward the streamer as the key factor leading to the purchase behavior of virtual gifts. It also aims to establish a theoretical link between PSR and viewers’ holistic experience in live streaming as captured by cognitive absorption and aims to investigates the role of technological features (i.e. viewer–streamer and viewer–viewer interactivity, streamer-level and viewer-level deep profiling and design aesthetics) in shaping viewers’ experience.Design/methodology/approachBased on 433 survey responses, this study employs a combination of structural equation modeling and neural networks to offer valuable insights into the relationships between the technological environment, viewer experience and viewer behavior.FindingsOur results highlight the salience of PSR in promoting the purchase of virtual gifts through cognitive absorption and the importance of the technological environment in eliciting the viewer experience. This study sheds light on the development of PSR in a technological environment and its relationship with cognitive absorption.Originality/valueBy applying PSR to conceptualize viewers’ perceived connection with the streamer, this study extends the research on purchase behavior in the non-shopping context by providing an enlightened understanding of virtual gift purchase behavior in live streaming. Moreover, by theoretically linking PSR with cognitive absorption, virtual gift purchase and technological features of live streaming, it enriches the theory of PSR and bridges the gap between the design practice of supporting the IT infrastructure of live streaming and research.

Exploring EFL learners’ acceptance and cognitive absorption at VR-Based language learning: A survey and experimental study

This study aimed to explore the applicability of VR-based language learning in an EFL context. An online survey was conducted to understand the structural relationship between EFL learners' cognitive absorption, behavioral intention to use VR for English learning, and perceptions regarding the sense of immersion created by VR. The hedonic motivation system adoption model (HMSAM) was adopted, and 230 valid responses were retrieved for statistical analyses. The results showed that most constructs of HMSAM, namely, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, curiosity, joy, control, behavioral intention to use, and immersion, were significantly associated with other constructs. VR's immersion had a positive significant influence on the behavioral intention of EFL learners to engage in VR-based language learning. It was revealed that curiosity was not a significant predictor for immersion. Moreover, a within-subject neurophysiological experiment was conducted with 33 EFL learners who experienced both VR-based and non-VR-based settings to examine the influence of VR technologies on their cognitive absorption and learning outcomes. Results demonstrated that VR did increase the participants' cognitive absorption; furthermore, participants had better retention about the learned contents in VR-based setting. The findings have practical and theoretical implications based on the findings of the survey and experiment.

Influence of customer physical resource on customer loyalty : A mediation study

The notions of resource integration and value co-creation have become popular after the emergence of the Service-Dominant Logic. Several research investigations have been made to understand organizational resources and capabilities but research initiatives in the field of customer resources have been relatively scarce. Moreover, discussions on resource based capabilities have been mostly confined to strategic management and never explored with respect to marketing or consumer behaviour. This study by considering resource based capabilities as the exogenous variable and customer loyalty as the endogenous variable explores whether strategic resource capabilities have any implications in the domain of consumer behaviour. Based on Eric Arnould’s customer resource classification, this study investigates whether the higher order customer physical resource reflected through cognitive absorption, trust propensity and perceived self-efficacy can mediate between online grocers’ resource based capability and the customers’ store loyalty. The study was conducted in the Bengaluru city of India using snowball sampling technique and the data were analysed using PLS SEM. The result suggests that customer physical resource does mediate between online grocery store’s resource based capability and store loyalty. This research initiative has brought forth an altogether new perspective in understanding customer loyalty. Loyalty does not only depend on the value which is delivered by the firms but it is also influenced by the level of resource contributed by the customers’ themselves during the shopping process. Also, this study for the first time has demonstrated that cognitive absorption, trust, propensity and perceived self efficacy can be the manifestations of personal resource which is a contribution to the extant literature.

How Cognitive Absorption Influences Responses to Immersive Narratives of Environmental Threats.

Nongovernment organizations are increasingly leveraging the metaverse and its suite of extended reality technologies, such as 360° video and virtual reality, to immerse audiences in situations depicting environmental threats. The promise of immersive storytelling as a conservation tool is predicated on the verisimilitude of the mediated experience, with exposure to environmental threats in immersive video akin to in vivo exposure. However, the psychological mechanisms explaining users' environmental responses to immersive stories remain ambiguous. In three controlled laboratory experiments, we examined unique properties (e.g., interactivity and modality) of immersive technologies vis-à-vis environmental stories and their influence on proenvironmental outcomes. Study 1 (N = 48) implemented a two-condition (interactivity: high vs. low) between-subjects experiment, showing that interactive 360° video significantly influenced attitudes through the mechanism of cognitive absorption. A 2 (interactivity: high/low) × 2 (distance: proximal/distant) between-subjects experiment (study 2; N = 76) further supported this mediation model by showing the mediating effects of cognitive absorption on attitudes and threat perceptions toward both distant and proximal threats. Lastly, study 3 (N = 68) replicated the mediating effects of cognitive absorption across 360° video modalities, though head-mounted display-based, rather than screen-based, 360° videos only significantly increased attitudes and absorption when threats were proximal. We discuss the results' practical and theoretical implications and propose avenues for future research. Moreover, we outline important considerations for environmental organizations seeking to leverage metaverse platforms for communicating environmental threats.

Antecedents of User Experience in the Immersive Metaverse Ecosystem: Insights from Mining User Reviews

Metaverse, a digitally simulated immersive technology, has potential business value in enabling its users to execute their professional and recreational activities. It engages the users and helps them to serve their purposes. Few studies exist discussing metaverse as an immersive technology though there is a dearth of studies that empirically examine the factors associated with the corresponding user experience. We analysed over 400 thousand user reviews on 14 metaverse applications from Google Play Store to identify those factors associated with the corresponding user experience. We uncovered the pertinent factors with the help of a topic modelling technique and explained their associations with the help of Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) and Cognitive Absorption Theory (CAT) crafting a unified framework. Multiple regression models help us to validate the proposed framework. We find that sociability, density, telepresence, temporal dissociation, focused immersion, heightened enjoyment, curiosity, and playfulness positively influence the user experience of the virtual immersive space of the Metaverse. These insights can help policymakers and academicians take apt measures to make the Metaverse space more immersive and engrossing.

Why cognitive absorption is not enough: The role of knowledge absorption capacity and technological opportunity for individual learning

The purpose of this paper is to address the basic question why does high absorptive training programmes are not always beneficial for individual level learning? Thus, we seek to understand when and how cognitive absorption is beneficial for individual learning. The proposed model was tested using data obtained in a field study (N = 371) and in an experiment (N = 119). For field study, data was obtained at two points in time from three data sources (co-workers, subordinates, supervisors) working at a private commercial bank operating in Pakistan. For laboratory experiment, data was collected from the business students of a private sector university in Pakistan. The obtained data for both studies were analysed for random coefficient models with Mplus. Based on the motivation-ability-opportunity theory of behaviour, we proposed a model. It was found that cognitive absorption and highest individual learning was contingent upon the individual level knowledge absorption capacity. It was further found that training programmes with high cognitive absorption are likely to produce high levels of individual learning when the participants also have both high level of knowledge absorption capacity and technological opportunity. With this research, we inform practitioners that in these learner-focused trainings, personal characteristics of the participants and technology play vital role in determining effectiveness for high level of individual learning. The research findings will help practitioners understand what they need to add in training programmes for high level individual learning experience. Doing so will bring best value in form of higher learning to the cost of trainings.

How do system and user characteristics, along with anthropomorphism, impact cognitive absorption of chatbots – Introducing SUCCAST through a mixed methods study

Chatbots are radically redefining the customer service landscape. With the advent of AI-enabled chatbots, like ChatGPT, organizations are adopting chatbots to provide better customer services; however, the user experience has been given less attention. Building on IS success model and cognitive absorption theory, we posit that system and user characteristics enhance cognitive absorption amongst users, such that the relationship varies between anthropomorphic (e.g., human-like) and non-anthropomorphic chatbots. We undertook a cross-sectional comparative study, which was analyzed using PLS-SEM and fsQCA. Where PLS-SEM provided limited inferential insights about the differences between anthropomorphic and non-anthropomorphic chatbots, the FsQCA analysis resulted in three configurations of attributes for non-anthropomorphic and two configurations for anthropomorphic chatbots, which lead to higher cognitive absorption. The findings extend the existing literature, suggesting that anthropomorphic and non-anthropomorphic chatbots impact cognitive absorption through separate system and user characteristics configurations.

Exploring the Nexus of Cybersecurity Leadership, Human Factors, Emotional Intelligence, Innovative Work Behavior, and Critical Leadership Traits

Abstract Data shows that 12% of leaders are rated as ‘very effective’ at leadership. This research emphasizes the importance of understanding human behavior and its impact on leadership effectiveness, innovative work behavior (IWB), and the ability to respond to complex cyber threats, particularly in the realm of cybersecurity leadership. Emotional intelligence (EI), a key human factor, is highlighted as a crucial element that can stimulate cognitive absorption, leading to innovative work behavior and improved innovation efficiency (IE). This underscores the need for leaders to not only be technically proficient but also emotionally intelligent to effectively manage their teams and respond to cyber threats. The article also calls for a shift in leadership education to a more holistic and engaged exploration of key leadership attributes, moving beyond traditional methods that often limit understanding to a single culture or approach. This involves understanding the human factors that influence leadership styles and their effectiveness. Furthermore, the use of a literature review underscores the need for leaders to understand the human elements behind cyber threats. Overall the data suggests that leaders need a comprehensive understanding of leadership principles and an active engagement in its theories to foster innovative thinking within cybersecurity leadership.

FEATURES OF STUDENTS’ PERSONALITY TRUST IN COMMUNICATIVE NETWORK ACTIVITY

The article is devoted to the actual problem of personality trust of students in the conditions of network activity. The study of students’ personality trust in communicative network activity is of scientific significance due to the widespread inclusion of the Internet in life. Personality trust in the virtual world regulates human behavior. The aim of the study is to identify the features of students’ personality trust in communicative network activity.
 Methodology and methods of research. The article used research methods: theoretical, empirical, methods of mathematical processing of psychological data: Friedman’s Xr2–criterion, Mann-Whitney U-criterion, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Computer data processing was carried out using the software packages “Excel” and “IBM SPSS Statistics 21”. A set of the following methods was used: “Methodology for studying the trust/distrust of a person to the world, other people, and oneself” (A. B. Kupreichenko) (the authors introduced an additional construct “virtual world”); “Questionnaire for problematic use of social networks” (N.A. Sirota, D.V. Moskovchenko, V.M. Yaltonsky, A.V. Yaltonskaya); “Methodology for assessing involvement in the use of information and communication technologies” (A.N. Tatarko, E.V. Maklasova, Z.H. Lepshokova, V.N. Galyapina, M.V. Efremova, D.I. Dubrov, M.A. Bultseva, E. .V Bushina, A.A Mironova). The empirical base of the study consisted of 200 respondents: boys – 100 people, girls – 100 people. Average age 20,6 years.
 Results and scientific novelty. For the first time, the personality trust of students in communicative network activity is considered. As a result of the empirical study, conclusions were drawn that self-confidence prevails among students in the virtual world. A comparative analysis based on gender showed that girls trust other people online more than boys. Differences were found on the scales “Trust in other people”, “Compulsive use”, “Cognitive absorption”, “Committing economic actions”, “Smartphone use”. The analysis revealed significant relationships between the components of personality trust and communicative network activity. A high level of self-confidence reduces anxious mental return to virtuality, growing trust in other people contributes to a feeling of comfort and security in communication, and with demonstrated trust in the virtual world, the desire to regularly stay in it increases.
 Practical significance. The results obtained during the study of the characteristics of students’ personality trust in communicative network activity can be used to organize a digital educational environment and make practical recommendations for conducting training work in order to develop digital competence skills.