Overweight and obesity in adolescents are associated with high consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF). UPF are industrially manufactured foods that contain large amounts of calories, trans fats, sugars, sodium, and chemical additives. It is also associated with lower intake of vitamins, milk, fruits and vegetables. Through adolescence, good nutrition is essential during neurodevelopment for optimal brain health. However, the relationship between UPF and educational variables are not clear; therefore, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the effect of UPF on variables such as cognition and learning processes. So, our aim was to evaluate the effects of UPF on cognition and learning of adolescents through systematic review. Understanding these effects is important because it may provide information for public health and educational policies mainly targeted at schools to ensure a healthy food environment. The results from the study showed that no study had met our eligibility criteria; however, we considered it relevant to share the findings.