Cave Research Articles

Temporal insights into karst system evolution: A case study of the unroofed cave above Škocjanske Jame, NW Dinarides

This study presents a comprehensive investigation of the unroofed cave above the active Škocjanske Jame water cave and explains the intricate processes that characterize the karst landscape. Despite extensive knowledge of the karst morphology, the precise development stages and timing of formation remained ambiguous. Through detailed multi-proxy sedimentary analyses, we unveil the sedimentary features documenting relict speleogenetic processes and provide insights into regional tectonic events and climatic changes. The cave was filled with two types of sediments: the upper speleothem section and the lower allogenic clastic section. Based on paleomagnetic characteristic and U/Th data, the fill of the unroofed cave is estimated to be between approximately 5 Ma (probably 5.2 to 4.9 Ma) and >773 ka old. Our results reveal a complex interplay of allogenic and autogenic sediments, suggesting a stable catchment over several million years. The dating results indicate deposition in phreatic regime since at least 5 Ma, with the river flowing through the cave until about 2.6 Ma. Our study emphasizes the importance of tectonically-driven uplift phases in cave speleogenesis rather than the importance of Quaternary climate changes. Furthermore, we define the initial stages of the development of the Škocjanske Jame karst system and estimate the time span of the evolution of solution and collapse dolines. This research underscores the importance of integrating geological, hydrological, and chronological approaches to unravel the history of karst landscapes and their implications for understanding dynamic karst processes. The temporal and spatial reconstruction of the development of the unroofed caves provides an insight into the first stages of the present karst system influenced by the sinking river.

Pengaruh Tenaga Kerja dan Teknologi terhadap Pendapatan melalui Modal sebagai Variabel Intervening UMKM Coffee Shop di Kota Medan

A business that is growing rapidly in the city of Medan is the emergence of coffee shops. Coffee shop visitors do more than just taste coffee; they also use the space for casual gatherings. It is hoped that the coffee shop business in Medan City will have a positive impact on the development of the city, especially in the economic and tourism sectors. The coffee shop business has the potential to increase community income, employment, tourism and coffee production in the city of Medan. The current emergence of coffee shops cannot be separated from the influence of the big city lifestyle which offers lots of fun for entertainment seekers and has become a favorite "hang out" place for young people in campus areas, shopping centers and offices in the city of Medan. The phenomenon of the presence of a new trend in drinking coffee is actually not much different from drinking coffee in a traditional coffee shop. This research aims to determine the influence of Labor and Technology on Income through Capital as an intervening variable for coffee shop in the city of Medan. This research is a descriptive and quantitative analysis, the sample in this research is 50 respondents who are coffee shop owners in the city of Medan and the data analysis technique used to test the hypothesis is a quantitative analysis technique, which is a way of analyzing data using statistical tools such as SPSS 21.0. The research results show that the variable Labor has a positive and significant effect on income, Technology has a positive and significant effect on income, Labor has a positive and significant effect on capital, Technology has a positive and significant effect on capital, Capital has a positive and significant effect on income, Labor has an effect positive and significant on income through capital as an intervening variable. Technology has a positive and significant effect on income through capital as an intervening variable.

Characterization of Springtail (Arrhopalites caecus) for Use in Soil Ecotoxicity Testing.

Springtails (subclass: Collembola) represent one of the most extensively studied invertebrate groups in soil ecotoxicology. This is because of their ease of laboratory culture, significant ecological role, and sensitivity to environmental contaminants. Folsomia candida (family: Isotomidae) is a globally widespread parthenogenetic species that is prevalent in laboratory toxicity testing with springtails. Conversely, Arrhopalites caecus (family: Arrhopalitidae), a parthenogenic globular springtail species, remains untested in soil ecotoxicology. This species is found in diverse habitats, including cave systems and forest leaf litter, and has a global distribution. The sensitivity of A. caecus to environmental contaminants, such as neonicotinoid insecticides, as well as its life history and optimal culturing conditions, are largely unknown. The present study describes the establishment of a pure A. caecus laboratory culture and characterization of its life cycle and culturing conditions. We assessed the sensitivity of A. caecus to various insecticides, including exposures to the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam in soil and through a novel feeding assay as well as to clothianidin and cyantraniliprole in spiked soil exposures. In 7- and 14-day exposures to thiamethoxam in agricultural soil, the 50% lethal concentration (LC50) values were determined to be 0.129 mg/kg dry weight and 0.010 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. The 14-day LC50 for exposure to thiamethoxam via spiked food was determined to be 0.307 mg/kg dry weight. In addition, the 28-day 50% effect concentration for inhibition of juvenile production from cyantraniliprole exposure in the same soil type was 0.055 mg/kg dry weight. Challenges encountered in using this species included susceptibility to mite infestation and low adult survival rates in the 28-day cyantraniliprole test. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1820-1835. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

Implementasi model Dynamic Systems Development untuk mengembangkan sistem informasi coffe shop berbasis website

The trend of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the form of coffee shops continues to grow in Indonesia, including those that are currently often found in the Kepanjen area, Malang Regency. For communication needs, these shops form a community as a means of sharing information. Even though there are many benefits gained from the community, the platforms used are still limited to social media. This research aims to develop a website-based information system which will make it easier to manage activities that are being or will be carried out by the coffee shop community in the Kepanjen area. The Dynamic Systems Development model is used in this research as a benchmark for developing information systems. The results of system functional testing show that the website built can run well and is suitable for use. Through this information system, coffee shop owners located in Kepanjen can register to be promoted on the website. Apart from that, the information system created can make it easier to find information about coffee shops in the Kepanjen area.

The effect of social servicescape on price fairness and customer trust: a study in coffee shops

PurposeThe aim of this research is to determine the price fairness of the social servicescape and the effect of price fairness on customer trust. In this context, first of all, the effect of the social servicescape on price fairness and then the effect of price fairness on customer trust were tested.Design/methodology/approachThe universe of the research consists of people who visit Starbucks coffee stores. In the study, data were collected from 338 people who visited Starbucks coffee stores. The relationships between the variables were analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Technique.FindingsAs a result of the research, it was concluded that employees, other customers and social crowds, which are from the dimensions of the social servicescape, do not have a significant effect on price fairness, the interaction between employee and customer, which is from the sub-dimensions of the social servicescape, has an effect on customers' perception of price fairness, and price fairness also has an effect on customer trust.Originality/valueThe important point in this research is to determine the effect of the social servicescape on price fairness, which has not been studied in the literature before. Although the effect of physical servicescape on price justice has been investigated, the effect of social servicescape on price justice has not been investigated. When evaluated from this point of view, it is thought that the research will have an important contribution to the literature.

Coffee Shop Business Strategy Analysis Using the Business Model Canvas Method and Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (Case Study: Coffee Shop 'Kopi Dul')

Coffee Shop Kopi Dul is a Coffee Shop that has been established since 2018. The development of Coffee Shop which is getting higher from year to year requires Coffee Shop Kopi Dul to continue to innovate in order to survive amidst competition by mapping business models and creating business development strategies based on internal factors and external. The aim of this research is to plan the development of the Kopi Dul Coffee Shop business using the Business Model Canvas and QSPM methods. The data processing process in this research begins by creating a Business Model Canvas, the input stage is the IFE and EFE matrices, the matching stage is the IE, SPACE and SWOT matrices, the decision stage uses the QSPM method, finally a new Business Model Canvas which has been added to alternative strategies. obtained. The results of the research analysis show that the Kopi Dul Coffee Shop is in a hold and maintain position based on the results of the IE matrix, is in the aggressive quadrant based on the results of the SPACE matrix, and has 8 alternative strategy formulations based on the SWOT matrix. At the Decision stage, the alternative priority strategy is "Conducting regular competitor observations" with an STA value of 6.371. Next, a proposed Business Model Canvas is created by adding alternative strategy formulations at the matching stage.

PENYEBAB REPURCHASE INTENTION BEHAVIOR PADA KOPI NEIRA DI SURABAYA: CITRA DIRI ATAU KUALITAS?

Coffee has long been a popular beverage around the world. This is also the primary reason for business owners to create a coffee shop, as it is easy to find coffee enthusiasts. The competition in the coffee shop business is becoming more intense as time passes, as seen by the ease with which coffee shops are everywhere, particularly in the big city and small city. These coffee businesses fight to attract customers and foster high repurchase intentions among their customers. The independent variables are self-image congruity, customer-perceived service quality, and contentment. The selected independent variables are self-image congruity, customer-perceived service quality and customer satisfaction. This study focuses on Neira Coffee, a coffee shop with numerous outlets throughout Indonesia. The data were gathered by distributing questionnaires, resulting in 154 samples of Neira Coffee Surabaya consumers aged 18 and up who live in Surabaya.The results showed that self-image congruity and customer-perceived service quality had a significant effect on customer satisfaction, self-image congruity and customer satisfaction had a significant effect on repurchase intention, while customer-perceived service quality had no significant effect on repurchase intention. It was also found that customer satisfaction was able to mediate the effect of self image congruity and customer perceived service quality on repurchase intention. Thus, self image congruity and customer perceived service quality have a significant effect on repurchase intention for Neira Coffee Surabaya consumers through customer satisfaction as a mediating variable.

THE REUSABLE COFFEE CUP SYSTEM “BILLIE CUP” IN A UNIVERSITY SETTING: A PILOT-STUDY

500 billion disposable cups are consumed every year and contribute to polluting the natural environment. Reusable cups offer a reasonable alternative, especially in work or study places with efficient and sustainable washing facilities. In one coffee bar at a university building, disposable cups were completely banished and a reusable polypropylene cup, the so-called “Billie Cup”, was introduced together with automated deposit and washing facilities. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed to measure financial differences, waste reduction, and customer opinion. After introduction of the Billie Cup, we reduced approximately 2.5 kg of waste per week and did not report significant changes in weekly sales [median: 336 (interquartile range: 291–359) vs. 337 (297–349) drinks, respectively, P=1.000] or revenue [578 (492–612) vs. 576 (492–586) euro, respectively, P=0.833]. Furthermore, we reported significantly higher numbers of refilling a cup with a median of 21 (16–25) vs. 43 (38–59) drinks per week, respectively, P=0.017. Resulting from our questionnaires, we found that all respondents believed that disposable cups produce unnecessary waste on campus. Our pilot study demonstrates that a reusable coffee cup system along with banishing all disposable cups can be successfully implemented without decreasing monthly revenue or sales.

Analysis of microbial community succession and its metabolic characteristics in the first and second rounds of cave-brewed sauce-flavor Baijiu

The natural cave located on the bank of the Chishui River in Guizhou is currently the only base in the country for brewing sauce-flavor Baijiu in the cave. Utilizing the natural cave for brewing not only enriches the microbial source of sauce-flavor Baijiu, but also helps in conserving land resources. This article studied the microbial communities and flavor compounds of fermented grains and the environmental microorganisms during the first and second rounds of heap fermentation in cave-brewed sauce-flavor Baijiu (CBSB). The results indicated that Thermomyces, Torulaspora, and Thermoascus were the dominant fungal genera during heap fermentation, while Virgibacillus, Kroppenstedtia, and Bacillus were the dominant bacteria. Daqu contributed 92.28% of the bacterial community and 73.89% of the fungal community to the fermented grains, while the cave air contributed 11.77% of the fungal community. During the heap fermentation process, a total of 79 volatile metabolites were identified, dominated by esters and alcohols. At the same time, 134 non-volatile metabolites were detected and most amino acids content increased gradually with heap fermentation time, while flavonoids showed the opposite trend. Correlations revealed that Saccharomyces was positively correlated with a number of esters and alcohols, and that Oceanobacillus promoted the synthesis of most flavonoids and organic oxides. The study provides data parameters for the environmental microbiology of the cave and also supports the exploration of the fermentation mechanism of CBSB.

Gastrointestinal parasitic helminths of bats from a cave in Luzon Island, Philippines.

Bats are often associated with several zoonotic diseases, including helminth infections. Despite their potential detrimental effects on both human and bat populations, information on helminth parasites of Philippine bats remains scarce. Here, we identify gastrointestinal helminths parasitizing bats collected from a cave complex in Cavinti, Laguna Province, Philippines, determine their prevalence (P) and mean intensity (MI), and investigate relationship of helminth prevalence and intensity with bat host characteristics including sex, diet, age, and roosting habit. We isolated 581 individuals of helminths representing six taxa (three trematodes, two nematodes, one cestode) from the gastrointestinal tract of sampled bats. Helminths were observed in 82 out of 172 bats captured (P = 47.67%), with Miniopteruspaululus having the highest infection rate (P = 91.3%) and highest MI (18 ± 4.5/infected bat). Helminths parasitizing endemic bat species from the Philippines, such as Rhinolophus rufus, Rhinolophus inops, Hipposideros pygmaeus, and Ptenochirus jagori were reported here for the first time. We provide new host records for other helminth species and report the presence of two parasites, Plagiorchis sp. and Toxocara sp., known for their zoonotic potential. These data will contribute to efforts in identifying parasites and diseases harbored by bats in the country and develop additional conservation measures for bats.

Inventory Policy Improvement with Periodic Review for Perishable Goods: A Case Study of a Retail Coffee Shop in Thailand

Inventory Policy Improvement with Periodic Review for Perishable Goods: A Case Study of a Retail Coffee Shop in Thailand

Gaming in the Dark: Colossal Cave Adventure, Kentucky Route Zero , and the Racial Imaginary of the Mammoth Cave System

Gaming in the Dark: Colossal Cave Adventure, Kentucky Route Zero , and the Racial Imaginary of the Mammoth Cave System

Sustainable Evolution: Investigating the Factors Contributing to the Transformation of Coffee Businesses from Unplanned to Well-Planned, Sustainable Enterprises in Padang

This research aims to identify the factors contributing to the sustainable evolution of coffee businesses in Padang, West Sumatra. The research is an exploratory qualitative study. Each coffee shop, while differing in focus and approach, prioritizes quality, utilizes technology, and implements strategies for long-term sustainability in its operations. Each coffee shop demonstrates unique strategies in outbound logistics, whether through distribution methods, technology integration, strategic cooperation, or customer engagement, tailored to its specific business model and target audience. Each coffee shop employs unique marketing and sales strategies tailored to its business model and target audience, emphasizing customer engagement, promotional diversity, and long-term relationship building. Each coffee shop offers unique services, focusing on customer experience, atmosphere, personalized interactions, and proactive issue resolution to build strong customer relationships and foster loyalty. Each coffee shop employs distinct procurement strategies tailored to its business model and goals, focusing on supplier relationships, diversification, and preparedness for uncertainties to ensure smooth operations and long-term sustainability. Each coffee shop employs structured mentoring, technology integration, and maintenance practices tailored to support long-term sustainability and business growth, ensuring efficient operations and a positive environmental and community impact. Each coffee shop employs structured recruitment, training, and development programs tailored to their business needs, emphasizing employee skill enhancement, performance improvement, and continuous learning to provide excellent service. Each coffee shop employs technology as a tool to enhance sustainability, efficiency, and productivity, utilizing strategies tailored to their specific needs and challenges, whether it’s overcoming network interference, ensuring reliable technology selection, or managing repair costs efficiently.

PERAN INOVASI PRODUK DALAM MEMEDIASI PENGARUH ORIENTASI PASAR TERHADAP KINERJA PEMASARAN

One of the SME industrial units that is currently developing and is in great demand by the public today is the coffee industry, along with the large consumption of coffee in Indonesia. North Kuta District is one area that has felt the impact of the development of the coffee shop business. The increasing number of coffee shop developments makes competition between similar businesses higher so that good and optimal marketing performance is needed in maintaining business. This study aims to explain the role of product innovation in mediating the effect of market orientation on marketing performance at coffee shops in North Kuta District. The number of samples in this study were 100 respondents with purposive sampling method. Data collection through the distribution of questionnaires (google form). Data analysis using path analysis techniques. The results showed that market orientation had a positive and significant effect on marketing performance, market orientation had a positive and significant effect on product innovation, product innovation had a positive and significant effect on marketing performance and product innovation could mediate the effect of market orientation on marketing performance

Consumers' Perception Analysis on Service Quality of Coffee Shops and Coworking Spaces in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Consumers' Perception Analysis on Service Quality of Coffee Shops and Coworking Spaces in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Evaluating customer emotions in coffee shop reviews using machine learning

Sentiment analysis is a crucial technique for understanding and classifying the emotions expressed in written content. Given the widespread use of social media, these platforms have become an essential method for gathering customer feedback in several industries, including the café sector. This research introduces a method that uses the Soft K-means clustering algorithm to automatically evaluate sentiment in response to the growing online presence of coffee establishments. This approach is used to categorize customer evaluations on a famous coffee shop review website. The sentiment analysis of coffee shop reviews utilizes many machines learning methods, including Naïve Bayes, Gradient Boosting Machines (GBM), K-Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Machines, Logistic Regression, and Random Forest. Furthermore, this paper proposes an innovative ensemble learning technique that integrates these six classifiers to enhance forecast accuracy. The efficacy of various tactics in efficiently capturing the ideas of coffee shop patrons is thoroughly compared.

Influence Brand Experience, Perceived Quality, And Brand Love On Brand Loyalty For Purchasing Janji Jiwa Products

This research aims to analyze the influence of variables brand experience, perceived quality, value, brand love to brand loyalty. This research uses a quantitative method approach through techniques purposive sampling. This research obtained 192 respondents, respondents aged 18-35 years, domiciled in JABODETABEK (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi), and had purchased Janji Jiwa products more than once. This research uses the method Structural Equation Model Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS).The results of this research show brand loyalty formed because it is influenced by value and brand love. Next, increase perceived quality influenced by brand experience, brand experience and perceived quality influence on value. The findings of this research can be used as an assessment of the Janji Jiwa product in increasing customer loyalty. Janji Jiwa’s brand is a coffee shop in Indonesia that is liked by many people. A positive customer experience regarding the purchase of Janji Jiwa products can expand the Janji Jiwa brand.

Implementation of Management Information Systems at Janji Jiwa Coffee Shop in Medan Selayang City to Improve Customer Satisfaction

Implementation of Management Information Systems at Janji Jiwa Coffee Shop in Medan Selayang City to Improve Customer Satisfaction

Cashier App Revolutionizes Internal Controls in Global Enterprises

This study evaluates the effectiveness of cashier application-based cash receipt systems as internal controls in small-scale enterprises, focusing on Lugo Coffee House in Tulungagung, Indonesia. Through qualitative analysis of interviews, observations, and document reviews, the study examines the functionality and integration of internal controls within these systems. Findings indicate that while the systems demonstrate efficiency in transaction processing and record-keeping, deficiencies such as the absence of task segregation pose potential risks. Nonetheless, the overall sufficiency of these systems in mitigating financial risks is affirmed. The study highlights the importance of optimizing cashier application-based systems to enhance financial management practices and minimize risks associated with cash transactions in similar organizational contexts. Highlights: 1. Assessing cashier app systems in small enterprises.2. Identifying internal control strengths and weaknesses.3. Optimizing financial management to minimize risks. Keywords: Cashier application, Internal controls, Small-scale enterprises, Financial management, Risk mitigation.

ANALYSIS OF COST OF PRODUCTION USING METHOD FULL COSTING AND VARIABLE COSTING AT THE COFFEE HOUSE ROOM IN 2022

This scientific writing aims to determine the calculation of the cost of goods produced at Ruwang Coffee House using the full costing and variable costing methods. Determination of the cost of goods produced is very important in determining competitive prices, so that the business can compete in the market and can increase business income. The data collection methods used in this research are interviews and observations. Interviews were conducted directly to business owners. This research uses quantitative data and the data used is primary data, where the data is obtained directly by Ruwang Coffee House. The data obtained in the form of the number of sales, raw material costs, labor costs, and factory overhead costs. From the research that has been done, the authors conclude that the calculation of the cost of goods produced using the full costing method has a greater value when compared to using the variable costing method, this is because the full costing method charges all factory overhead costs, the full costing method is better used than using the variable costing method.