Coffee Intake Research Articles

Coffee intake one hour prior to phlebotomy produces no clinically significant changes in routine biochemical test results.

Although current guidelines recommend not drinking coffee prior to phlebotomy, our hypothesis is that drinking coffee does not affect the clinical interpretation of biochemical and haematological test results. Twenty-seven volunteers were studied in basal state (T0) and 1h after (T1) drinking coffee. Routine haematological (Sysmex-XN1000 analyser) and biochemistry parameters (Vitros 4600 analyser) were studied. Results were compared using the Wilcoxon test (P < 0.05). A clinical change was considered when mean percent difference (MD%) was higher than the reference change value (RCV). Coffee intake produced statistically, but not clinically, significant: i) increases in haemoglobin (P = 0.009), mean cell haemoglobin concentration (P = 0.044), neutrophils (P = 0.001), albumin (P = 0.001), total protein (P = 0.000), cholesterol (P = 0.025), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.007), uric acid (P = 0.011), calcium (P = 0.001), potassium (P = 0.010), aspartate aminotransferase (P = 0.001), amylase (P = 0.026), and lactate dehydrogenase (P = 0.001), and ii) decreases in mean cell volume (P = 0.002), red cell distribution width (P = 0.001), eosinophils (P = 0.002), and lymphocytes (P = 0.001), creatinine (P = 0.001), total bilirubin (P = 0.012), phosphorus (P = 0.001), magnesium (P = 0.007), and chloride (P = 0.001). Drinking a cup of coffee 1 hour prior to phlebotomy produces no clinically significant changes in routine biochemical and haematological test results.

Lifestyle factors and clinical severity of Parkinson’s disease

Genetic factors, environmental factors, and gene–environment interactions have been found to modify PD risk, age at onset (AAO), and disease progression. The objective of this study was to explore the association of coffee drinking, aspirin intake, and smoking, with motor and non-motor symptoms in a cohort of 35,959 American patients with PD from the Fox Insight Study using generalized linear models. Coffee drinkers had fewer problems swallowing but dosage and duration of coffee intake were not associated with motor or non-motor symptoms. Aspirin intake correlated with more tremor (p = 0.0026), problems getting up (p = 0.0185), light-headedness (p = 0.0043), and problems remembering (p = 1 × 10–5). Smoking was directly associated with symptoms: smokers had more problems with drooling (p = 0.0106), swallowing (p = 0.0002), and freezing (p < 1 × 10–5). Additionally, smokers had more possibly mood-related symptoms: unexplained pains (p < 1 × 10–5), problems remembering (p = 0.0001), and feeling sad (p < 1 × 10–5). Confirmatory and longitudinal studies are warranted to investigate the clinical correlation over time.

Risk and protective factors in Parkinson's disease: a simultaneous and prospective study with classical statistical and novel machine learning models.

Several environmental/lifestyle factors have been individually investigated in previous Parkinson's disease (PD) studies with controversial results. No study has prospectively and simultaneously investigated potential risk/protective factors of PD using both classical statistical and novel machine learning analyses. The latter may reveal more complex associations and new factors that are undetected by merely linear models. To fill this gap, we simultaneously investigated potential risk/protective factors involved in PD in a large prospective population study using both approaches. Participants in the Moli-sani study were enrolled between 2005 and 2010 and followed up until December 2018. Incident PD cases were identified by individual-level record linkage to regional hospital discharge forms, the Italian death registry, and the regional prescription register. Exposure to potential risk/protective factors was assessed at baseline. Multivariable Cox Proportional Hazards (PH) regression models and survival random forests (SRF) were built to identify the most influential factors. We identified 213 incident PD cases out of 23,901 subjects. Cox PH models revealed that age, sex, dysthyroidism and diabetes were associated with an increased risk of PD. Both hyper and hypothyroidism were independently associated with PD risk. SRF showed that age was the most influential factor in PD risk, followed by coffee intake, daily physical activity, and hypertension. This study sheds light on the role of dysthyroidism, diabetes and hypertension in PD onset, characterized to date by an uncertain relationship with PD, and also confirms the relevance of most factors (age, sex, coffee intake, daily physical activity) reportedly shown be associated with PD. Further methodological developments in SRF models will allow to untangle the nature of the potential non-linear relationships identified.

Salivary Interleukin 1-Beta Concentration Associates With Sleep Quality in Older Individuals.

Background: Poor sleep quality is prevalent in older people and impairs their quality of life. Various studies show an association between sleep disorders and altered levels of inflammatory cytokines. The cytokine IL-1β has been shown to display both somnogenic and insomnia-promoting effects in experimental animals. Objectives: to evaluate the relationship between insomnia and salivary IL-1β concentration and the role of associated factors such as the symptoms of depression, use of hypnotics, intake of caffeinated beverages, smoking, and alcohol use in older individuals. An analytical, cross-sectional, observational research was carried out with a population of community-dwelling individuals over 60years of age in Valencia (Spain). Sleep quality was measured with the Athens insomnia scale (AIS) and depressive symptoms with Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Results: 287 individuals participated in the study (mean age 74.08years (76.7% women). 41.5% of the participants had insomnia, 36.9% took drugs for sleep problems, and 32.4% had relevant depressive symptoms. There was a significant inverse correlation between the IL-1β and total AIS score (rho = -0.302, p < 0.001), the sleep difficulty subdomain (rho = -0.259, p < 0.001), and the daytime sleepiness subdomain (rho = -0.322, p < 0.001). No significant correlation was observed between GDS and salivary IL-1β concentration. The IL-1β concentration was significantly lower in individuals taking drugs for sleeping compared with those not taking those drugs (1.11 ± 0.09 and 1.48 ± 0.08, respectively; p = 0.001). Regarding the AIS score, there was no significant difference in marital status, smoking, or the number of cups of tea or cola drinks, but there was a significant association with alcohol intake (p = 0.019) and in the number of daily intakes of coffee (p = 0.030). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of IL-1β for diagnosis of moderate-severe insomnia showed an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.78 (95% confidence interval 0.71-0.85). At the cut-off of 0.83 pg/µL of Il-1β, it had a sensitivity of 70.3% and a specificity of 69.8%.

Assessment of Type 2 Diabetes Risk in General Population using Bitter Taste Sensitivity Status to Phenylthiocarbamide - A Pilot Study

Eating habits and genetic factors contribute to diseases such as obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Variation in bitter taste perception has been linked with intake of alcohol, coffee, vegetable, and smoking habit as well as with adiposity, a risk factor for diabetes development. Therefore, it was hypothesized that bitter taste perception could lead to differences in eating/drinking behavior among individuals, which may lead T2DM development later in the life. Bitter taste sensitivity was assessed using paper strips having supra-threshold concentration of Phenyl Thio Carbamide (PTC). Lifestyle variables were assessed using standard anthropometry measurements and a questionnaire. T2DM risk was assessed using a point based system developed by Finnish Diabetes Association (FINDRISC score). SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. A total of 498 volunteers from New Delhi region participated in the present study, where the mean age of PTC tasters was 24 ± 12 years and for non-tasters was 29 ± 16 years. PTC taster status was significantly correlated with age (p ≤ 0.01), weight (p ≤ 0.05), BMI (p ≤ 0.05) and waste circumference (p ≤ 0.05). A positive correlation was observed for type of chocolate liking (r = 0.113, p ≤ 0.001) and for T2DM risk (p ≤ 0.012) with PTC non-taster status. Logistic regression analysis showed that PTC non-taster individuals are at a higher risk (OR: 1.558, 95% CI: 1.037-2.342, p=0.033) for developing T2DM in the next ten years. Present results have shown that bitter taste sensitivity modulates liking towards certain food and non-tasters for PTC have a higher BMI, weight and are at a higher risk for T2DM development. PTC tasting could be employed as a method for assessing risk of diabetes in healthy individuals. We recommend large scale screening among young adults to promote awareness and early prevention measures.

Influence of Sex Differences on Serum Lipid Profiles among Habitual Coffee Drinkers: Evidence from 23,072 Taiwan Biobank Participants.

The bioactive compounds of coffee are involved in lipid metabolism, and sex differences may play an important role. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of sex differences on serum lipid profiles among habitual coffee drinkers. We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional study of 23,628 adults using data obtained from the Taiwan Biobank database. Adults who drank more than one cup of coffee per day and those who drank less than one cup per day were compared with non-drinkers. After adjusting for baseline demographics and lifestyle, a generalized linear model was used to estimate the change in serum lipid profiles in men and women and in postmenopausal and premenopausal women among different coffee-drinking behaviors. We found that habitual coffee consumption changed the serum lipid profiles of men and women. Further, coffee drinkers had higher serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and lower serum triglyceride levels than non-drinkers. Compared with premenopausal women, both men and postmenopausal women had increased serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Menopausal status may play an important role in modulating the effect of habitual coffee intake on dyslipidemia. Moreover, premenopausal women potentially benefit more from habitual coffee drinking than men and postmenopausal women.

0115 Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of Sleep Health Index in pregnant women

Abstract Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Sleep Health Index (SHI-C) among pregnant women. Methods This study used a cross-sectional design. Pregnant women (N=264) from three public hospitals in China were recruited through a convenience sampling method. The Sleep Health Index (SHI-C) was used to measure sleep health. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were used to measure sleep quality and insomnia, respectively. Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS), and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) were used to measure daytime sleepiness, fatigue, and depression, respectively. Structural validity was assessed via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Concurrent and convergent validity were assessed using bivariate correlation analyses. Known-group validity was assessed by comparing the SHI-C score between different groups. Cronbach’s α was calculated for reliability. Results The sample was 30.6 years on average. CFA confirmed the three-factor structure of SHI-C. The SHI-C total and sleep quality sub-index scores had moderate to strong correlations with both PSQI (r=-0.542, p&amp;lt; 0.01; r=-0.648, p&amp;lt; 0.01) and ISI (r=-0.692, p&amp;lt; 0.01; r=-0.752, p&amp;lt; 0.01). The SHI-C total and sleep quality sub-index scores were significantly associated with ESS, FAS, and EPDS (r=-0.171 to -0.276; p&amp;lt; 0.01). The SHI-C total score also differed based on work status (p&amp;lt; 0.01), trimester (p&amp;lt; 0.01), coffee intake (p&amp;lt; 0.05), taking a nap (p&amp;lt; 0.05), subclinical insomnia (p&amp;lt; 0.01), and poor sleep quality (p&amp;lt; 0.01). The Cronbach’s α of the SHI-C total and the sleep quality sub-index were 0.723 and 0.806, respectively. The Cronbach's α of sleep duration and disordered sleep sub-indices were 0.594 and 0.545, respectively. Conclusion Overall, the SHI-C has good validity and acceptable reliability among the pregnant population in China. It can be a useful tool for the assessment of sleep health. More research is warranted to refine the sleep duration and disordered sleep sub-indices. Support (if any) This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [71904119], and Innovation Research Team of High-Level Local Universities in Shanghai [SHSMU-ZDCX20212800]. Bingqian Zhu was supported by Shanghai Municipal Education Commission “Young Eastern Scholar” (China).

Long-term outcomes from the UK Biobank on the impact of coffee on cardiovascular disease, arrhythmias, and mortality: Does the future hold coffee prescriptions?

Coffee is a popular beverage and the most used psychostimulant worldwide. Habitual coffee consumption has been linked to a growing list of health benefits; however, coffee consumption has been a source of longstanding debate. Recent observational studies have challenged the misconception of caffeine and reported the safety and beneficial effects of coffee intake on a range of cardiovascular (CV) conditions, including coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, heart failure, and stroke, leading to a decreased risk of CVD, all-cause and CVD mortality, and being associated with favorable CV outcomes. However, the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of caffeine remain speculative, and there is a lack of dedicated studies aimed at addressing the impact of different coffee subtypes on clinical outcomes such as CVD, arrhythmia, and mortality. Study and Results: The study included 449,563 UK Biobank participants, free of cardiovascular problems at enrollment (median age 58years; 55.3% females). The median follow-up time was 12.5years. Drinking 4 to 5 cups/day of ground (HR 0.83; 95% CI [0.76-0.91]; P<.0001) or 2 to 3 cups/day of instant (HR, 0.88; 95% CI [0.85-0.92]; P<.0001) coffee (but not decaffeinated coffee) was associated with a significant reduction in incident arrhythmia, including AF. Habitual coffee intake of up to 5 cups/day was associated with significant reductions in the risk of incident CVD, CHD (HR 0.89, CI [0.86-0.91], P<0.0001), CCF (HR 0.83, CI [0.79-0.87], P<0.0001), and ischemic stroke (HR 0.84, CI [0.78-0.90], P<0.0001). Coffee consumption led to significant reductions in all-cause mortality (HR 0.86, CI [0.83-0.89], P<0.0001) and CV mortality (HR 0.82, CI [0.74-0.90], P<0.0001). Consumption of ground coffee at all levels significantly reduced the risk of all-cause and CV mortality. There was no significant difference in the incidence of CVD among all intake categories or across all coffee subtypes. The results from the UK Biobank indicate that mild-to-moderate consumption of all types of coffee is linked to improved CV outcomes and a lower risk of cardiovascular disease and death, with caffeinated coffee significantly reducing the risk of arrhythmias, including AF. Daily coffee intake should not be discouraged by physicians, even in the presence of a newly developed cardiovascular disease. Whether coffee will be prescribed in the future to prevent CVD and improve cardiovascular health depends on further evaluation of the physiological mechanisms and elucidation of the specific protective effects of coffee consumption.

Effect of Different Beverages on Intraocular Pressure

Purpose: Young individuals regularly consume a wide range of drinks with caffeine content. In this study, healthy young subjects' intraocular pressure (IOP) was evaluated in relation to energy drinks, tea,coffee and water. Methodology: A prospective longitudinal, multi-centered study was conducted from March 2022 to August 2022. Data was collected through non-probability consecutive sampling technique. A total of 100 subjects of both genders (male and female) age ranging between 15 to 30 years were included. A thorough ophthalmic examination was required for subjects to satisfy a set of study protocol, that included not suffering any ocular diseases, intraocular pressure of 10-20 mmHg, absence of systemic diseases. Exclusion criteria included patient who had undergone anterior and posterior segment ophthalmic surgeries. The participants were randomized into four groups at random. Each group comprises of 25 subjects. IOP was measured before as baseline and after 60 min of intake. SPSS was used for data analysis. Results: Out of 100 subjects 77 were female and 33 were male. The first group consumed tea, the second group coffee, the third group energy drinks, and the fourth group water. Baseline IOP on average in each group water, tea, coffee and energy drink intake was 15.58 ± 1.79, 15.49 ± 1.87, 15.23 ± 1.05, 15.68 ± 1.32 respectively. While IOP was 14.89±2.01, 15.01 ± 1.23, 15.67±1.98 and 16.01 ± 2.33 after 60 minutes of consuming water, tea, coffee, and energy drinks. IOP fluctuations between before and after consuming water, tea, coffee, and energy drinks were 0.69, 0.48, -0.75, and -1.29. Practical Implication: This study has important clinical implications since it may help people realise they should limit their intake of certain beverages in order to lower their intraocular pressure (IOP). No research on the impact of beverages on intraocular pressure (IOP) has been done in Pakistan, as far as we are aware. This led to the formulation of the current investigation. Conclusion: Two groups demonstrated an increase in IOP, whereas the IOP in the other two groups declined. Compared to tea consumption, which has a modest quantity of caffeine, consuming coffee and energy drinks raises intraocular pressure. This study suggested avoidance of coffee and energy drinks intake should be emphasized prior to IOP measurement to avoid any potential error. Keywords: intraocular pressure, beverages, energy drinks, tea, coffee, water

The Effect of Economic Factors on Coffee Consumption in Rukungiri District, South-Western Uganda

Rukungiri District production and marketing department has pursued campaigns to educate the public about the health benefits of coffee, including its high antioxidant content, potential to prevent certain malignancies, and potential to lower type 2 diabetes risk. Despite these efforts, the District still has a low level of coffee consumption. This study tried to determine whether economic variables could be responsible for the low consumption. Through the use of both quantitative and qualitative methods and a cross-sectional survey research design, this study was able to quickly assess the relationship between the study variables. Simple random and purposeful sampling methods were used to choose a sample of 123 respondents. The thematic analysis method was utilized to assess the qualitative data, while SPSS Version 23.0 was used to analyze the quantitative data. Based on the study's aims, quantitative data were presented in tables as descriptive statistics, correlations, and regressions. The study discovered a substantial positive association between economic parameters and coffee intake (r = 0. 876, P.01). Coffee consumption is influenced by the economic status in terms of higher incomes, wages, and general standards of living because these factors have a tendency to affect people's consumption habits. The study also came to the conclusion that raising the economic standing of residents of the Rukungiri District is what will drive up coffee consumption.

Prevalence and associated risk factors of urolithiasis in India, a systematic review

Introduction and Aim: In India approximately two million persons are affected by urolithiasis per year and some areas of India have been named as a stone belt. This article reviews information regarding associated risk factors of urolithiasis from Indian perspectives. Methods: The studies were retrieved from eight electronic databases. All the cases of an adult above the age of 18 with urolithiasis were included in this review. The studies conducted in different states of India on human subjects and published between 2010 -2017, which are available in electronic media were included. The quality of studies was assessed by the help of Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist for Systematic Reviews and Research Syntheses. A narrative approach was adopted to analyze the data. Results: The risk factors identified were, less frequency of urination /day, consumption of red meat once a month or more, higher consumption of calcium, sodium, magnesium and phosphorus, high intake of coffee, tea, and sugar, working in high temperatures, lack of physical activity, obesity, and ground water consumption. Habits like smoking and alcohol consumption. Some of the disease conditions like urinary tract infection, renal cyst, horseshoe kidney, atrophic kidney, benign prostatic hyperplasia. Conclusion: The urolithiasis among adults is a public health problem and calls for appropriate action against this.

Exploring the mechanism underlying hyperuricemia using comprehensive research on multi-omics

Hyperuricemia involves multiple complex metabolisms, but no study has conducted a comprehensive analysis using human blood and urine metabolomics for hyperuricemia. Serum and urine samples from 10 patients with hyperuricemia and 5 controls were collected and analyzed by the UHPLC-MS/MS. Differential metabolites were identified and used in the enrichment analysis where we collected hyperuricemia target genes. Hyperuricemia kidney differential expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using RNA-sequencing data from the hyperuricemia mouse model induced by the potassium oxonate. A Mendelian randomization analysis of the association between caffeine-containing drinks and gout risk was conducted. An intersection analysis between hyperuricemia target genes and hyperuricemia kidney DEGs was conducted and the resulting genes were used for network analysis using the STRING. 227 differential metabolites were identified as differential metabolites and were enriched in 7 KEGG pathways, among which “Caffeine metabolism” was the top. The Mendelian randomization analysis revealed a significant association between tea or coffee intake and gout risk. There were 2173 genes that were identified as hyperuricemia kidney DEGs from mouse data. The intersection analysis identified 51 genes for the hyperuricemia regulation network. A hyperuricemia regulation protein network in the kidney was constructed. This study suggested a potential association between caffeine and hyperuricemia and constructed a hyperuricemia regulation network for future reference.

Smoking, Coffee Consumption, Alcohol Intake, and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Previous studies revealed that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and smoking, alcohol consumption, and coffee intake are closely related. This study aimed to evaluate the causal effect between these factors and OSA. The published genome-wide association study data (GWAS) provided genetic tools. We conducted a univariable two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) to estimate the causal effect between smoking initiation, never smoking, alcohol consumption, coffee intake, and coffee consumption with the risk of incidence OSA. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) was used as the main method for effect evaluation, and other MR methods were used for sensitivity analysis. After adjusting for body mass index (BMI), hypertension, and diabetes respectively by multivariable MR (MVMR), we further evaluate the causal effect of these factors on OSA. Under univariable MR analysis, we observed that smoking initiation was associated with an increased risk of incidence OSA (OR 1.326, 95% CI 1.001-1.757, P=0.049). Never smoking was associated with decreased risk of OSA (OR 0.872, 95% CI 0.807-0.942, P<0.001). Coffee intake and coffee consumption was associated with an increased incidence of OSA (OR 1.405, 95% CI 1.065-1.854, P=0.016) and (OR 1.330, 95% CI 1.013-1.746, P=0.040). Further multivariate MR showed that the causal relationship between never smoking and OSA existed but not coffee consumption, after adjusting for diabetes and hypertension. However, the all results did not support causality after adjusting for BMI. This two-sample MR study showed that genetically predicted smoking and higher coffee intake are causally associated with an increased risk of OSA.

The effect of coffee and black tea consumption on sleep bruxism intensity based on polysomnographic examination

BackgroundSleep bruxism (SB) is a common behavior that can result in various clinical consequences on human health. Risk factors for SB include among others emotional stress, anxiety, tobacco smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption. Coffee and black tea are among the most commonly consumed beverages worldwide. This study explores the influence of coffee and black tea consumption on bruxism intensity, as observed in polysomnographic examination. MethodsPolysomnographic examination with simultaneous camera recording was conducted in 106 adult subjects. The results were evaluated according to guidelines set out by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM). The study group was divided according to habitual stimulant usage, as declared by the participants in a self-reported questionnaire. Four groups were identified: coffee drinkers versus non-drinkers and black tea drinkers versus non-drinkers. ResultsThe bruxism episode index (BEI) was increased in coffee-drinkers as opposed to non-drinkers (4.59 ± 3.44 vs. 2.87 ± 1.50, p = 0.011). Sleep fragmentation, measured according to the arousal index, was comparable in coffee drinkers and non-drinkers. Electrolyte and lipid levels were similar in coffee drinkers and non-drinkers. Habitual black tea intake did not affect sleep architecture or bruxism intensity. ConclusionsThe study showed that habitual coffee consumption is a risk factor for the increased intensity of sleep bruxism. Neither coffee nor tea consumption is related to sleep fragmentation in habitual drinkers. Coffee and tea intake does not affect electrolyte and lipid concentrations. Caution should therefore be recommended in drinking coffee in people with sleep bruxism.

Attitude and Perception towards Coffee Consumption Effects: Insights from College Students in Mumbai

Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages in the world. It is highly consumed among many parts of India. Various studies concentrate on the effects of consuming coffee and consumer’s behavior in purchasing products related to coffee. Less studies focus on their effect among college students. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the coffee consumption habits and the perception of its effect among college students in Mumbai. The study was performed using convenient sampling method with a sample size of 234 students studying in different colleges from Mumbai. This study collected information about the characteristics of the students participated, coffee intake habits and the perception of its effect on consuming coffee. The majority of the students in this study consume coffee. Using factor analysis, the major factors affecting the consumption of coffee on daily basis was identified. The consumption of coffee was more during their important academic activities such as project work or examination days. Due to the burden of exams, students consume coffee to increase their study hours and academic performance.

Differences in the Food Consumption Between Kidney Stone Formers and Nonformers in the Swiss Kidney Stone Cohort

Diet has a major influence on the formation and management of kidney stones. However, kidney stone formers' diet is difficult to capture in a large population. Our objective was to describe the dietary intake of kidney stone formers in Switzerland and to compare it to non-stone formers. We used data from the Swiss Kidney Stone Cohort (n=261), a multicentric cohort of recurrent or incident kidney stone formers with additional risk factors, and a control group of CT-scan proven non-stone formers (n=197). Dieticians conducted two consecutive 24-h dietary recalls, using structured interviews and validated software (GloboDiet). We took the mean consumption per participant of the two 24-h dietary recalls to describe the dietary intake and used two-part models to compare the two groups. The dietary intake was overall similar between stone and non-stone formers. However, we identified that kidney stone formers had a higher probability of consuming cakes and biscuits (odds ratio, OR[95% CI] =1.56[1.03; 2.37]) and soft drinks (OR=1.66[1.08; 2.55]). Kidney stone formers had a lower probability of consuming nuts and seeds (OR =0.53[0.35; 0.82]), fresh cheese (OR=0.54[0.30; 0.96]), teas (OR=0.50[0.3; 0.84]), and alcoholic beverages (OR=0.35[0.23; 0.54]), especially wine (OR=0.42[0.27; 0.65]). Furthermore, among consumers, stone formers reported smaller quantities of vegetables (β coeff[95% CI]= - 0.23[- 0.41; - 0.06]), coffee (β coeff= - 0.21[- 0.37; - 0.05]), teas (β coeff= - 0.52[- 0.92; - 0.11]) and alcoholic beverages (β coeff= - 0.34[- 0.63; - 0.06]). Stone formers reported lower intakes of vegetables, tea, coffee, and alcoholic beverages, more specifically wine, but reported drinking more frequently soft drinks than non-stone formers. For the other food groups, stone formers and non-formers reported similar dietary intakes. Further research is needed to better understand the links between diet and kidney stone formation and develop dietary recommendations adapted to the local settings and cultural habits.

Changes in coffee and caffeine intake during the pandemic in women smokers and non-smokers: a future challenge for cardiovascular prevention.

The recent pandemic has led to major lifestyle changes, especially in women, changes that will impact cardiovascular risk. The aim of the present observational study was to evaluate changes occurred during pandemic in coffee and caffeine intake in a group of adult women and compare changes in smoking versus non-smoking women. A web questionnaire was sent through a online survey platform to a group of unselected adult women. The consumption of coffee and caffeine were investigated in 2 groups of women by comparing smokers and non-smokers. A total of 435 adult women (256 non-smokers and 179 smokers) answer to all questions. Smokers increase the number of cigarette/days (mean + 3.4 cig/day). Coffee intake was significantly increase in smokers compared to non-smokers (3.1+1.0 versus 1.5+0.6 cups/day p<0.01). In smokers, self-perception of increase stress was related to increased coffee intake (r = 0.84; p <0.001), increased sugar- rich foods (r=0.81; p<0.001), increased chocolate rich snacks (r=0.72; p<0.01), increased sitting time (r=0.79; p<0.01). These preliminary data must suggest to undertake social campaigns aimed at encouraging a return to a healthy lifestyle that certainly includes a healthy diet but also the suspension of smoking. These observational results need further evaluation with prospective studies in order to quantify the effects of pandemic-induced changes in lifestyle on cardiovascular risk in women.

Beverage consumption and mortality among adults with type 2 diabetes: prospective cohort study

ObjectiveTo investigate the intake of specific types of beverages in relation to mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes among adults with type 2 diabetes.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingHealth professionals in the United...

Population-attributable risk of modifiable lifestyle factors to hepatocellular carcinoma: The multi-ethnic cohort.

Lifestyle factors are well associated with risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the impact of reducing adverse lifestyle behaviours on population-level burden of HCC is uncertain. We conducted prospective analysis of the population-based multi-ethnic cohort (MEC) with linkage to cancer registries. The association of lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol, diet quality assessed by alternate Mediterranean diet score, coffee drinking, physical activity and body mass index) with HCC incidence was examined using Cox regression. Population-attributable risk (PAR, %) for the overall, lean and overweight/obese populations was determined. A total of 753 incident cases of HCC were identified in 181,346 participants over median follow-up of 23.1 years. Lifestyle factors associated with elevated HCC risk included former/current smoking, heavy alcohol use, poor diet quality, lower coffee intake and obesity, but not physical activity. The lifestyle factor with highest PAR was lower coffee intake (21.3%; 95% CI: 8.9%-33.0%), followed by current smoking (15.1%; 11.1%-19.0%), obesity (14.5%; 9.2%-19.8%), heavy alcohol use (7.1%; 3.5%-10.6%) and lower diet quality (4.1%; 0.1%-8.1%). The combined PAR of all high-risk lifestyle factors was 51.9% (95% CI: 30.1%-68.6%). A higher combined PAR was observed among lean (65.2%, 26.8%-85.7%) compared to overweight/obese (37.4%, 11.7%-58.3%) participants. Adjusting for viral hepatitis status in a linked MEC-Medicare dataset resulted in similar PAR results. Modifying lifestyle factors, particularly coffee intake, may have a substantial impact on HCC burden in diverse populations, with greater impact among lean adults. Diet and lifestyle counselling should be incorporated into HCC prevention strategies.

Role of Maternal Diet in the Risk of Childhood Acute Leukemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Many studies have investigated the etiology of acute leukemia, one of the most common types of cancer in children; however, there is a lack of clarity regarding preventable risk factors. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the current evidence regarding the role of maternal dietary factors in the development of childhood leukemia. All epidemiological studies published until July 2022 that evaluated maternal dietary risk factors for childhood acute leukemia were identified in two electronic databases (PubMed and Web of Science) without limits of publication year or language. A total of 38 studies (1 prospective cohort study, 34 case-control studies and 3 studies with pooled analysis) were included. The published risk estimates were combined into a meta-analysis, using the Generic Inverse Variance method. The maternal consumption of fruits (two or more daily servings vs. less) was inversely associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (odds ratio = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.59-0.86), whereas maternal coffee intake (higher than two cups per day vs. no consumption) was associated with an increased risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (odds ratio = 1.45; 95% CI, 1.12-1.89). Despite these findings, more high-quality research from cohort studies and the identification of causal factors are needed to develop evidence-based and cost-effective prevention strategies applicable at the population level. Review Registration: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42019128937.