Coffee Consumption In Relation Research Articles

The Relationship of Coffee Consumption with Stress Levels on Class of 2020 Medical Students Faculty and The Review According to Islamic Perspective

Background : Stress is a psychobiological process, namely the existence of a stimulus that is physically and psychologically threatening, then causes anxiety reactions. At this time, stress has become a serious problem for the world's population. Stress that is too heavy and sustainable if not handled it will be harmful to health. According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO) it is estimated that around 450 million people in the world experience health problems due to stress. The problem of stress has been increasing in various circles lately, especially students during the Covid-19 pandemic because of the burden of online learning/assignments, excessive learning, short working time causing stress on students. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between coffee consumption and stress levels in students of the YARSI University Medical Faculty class of 2020 and its review according to Islam Perspective.Methods: This type of research is correlational research. with cross sectional research design. Questionnaires are distributed via google form. This research was conducted on YARSI University Medical Faculty students class of 2020 with a total sample of 141 respondents. Data analysis used the Spearman Rank test.Results: Based on the results of statistical tests, there is no relationship between coffee consumption and stress levels in YARSI University Medical Faculty students class of 2020. With a Sig. 0.397 ? ? (0.05)Conclusion: There is no statistically significant relationship between coffee consumption and stress levels.

Soft drinks, tea and coffee consumption in relation to risk of fracture: evidence from china health and nutrition survey.

To investigate the association between soft drinks, tea and coffee consumption, and risk of fracture in the China Health and Nutrition Survey. A cross-sectional study with multi-stage random cluster sampling was conducted in nine Chinese provinces in 2004, 2006, 2009 and 2011. A total of 36,740 participants were included the data analyses. Self-administered questionnaires and physical examinations provided data on beverages consumption, fracture history, and other potential risk factors. Binary logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for potentially confounding variables. The prevalence of fracture increased over the 7-year period of the surveys, with 1833 (5.3%) participants reporting a fracture history. Soft drink consumption increased over this time period, and tea consumption was relatively stable, whereas coffee consumption tended to increase sharply. Consumers of soft drinks ≥ 3 times/week (versus never) had a higher risk of fracture (OR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.43-2.32, p < 0.001, p for trend = 0.039). Consumers of tea ≥ 5 cups/day (versus never) also had a higher risk of fracture (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.09-1.45, p = 0.028, p for trend < 0.001). Similarly, consumers of coffee ≥ 2 cups/day (versus never) had a higher risk of fracture (OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.01-3.34, p = 0.045, p for trend = 0.002). Subgroup analyses by gender suggested that coffee consumption increased risk of fracture in females (OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.32-2.63, p = 0.001). Our findings suggest that high consumption of soft drinks, tea and coffee is associated with an increased risk of fracture in the Chinese population. Which has important public health implications given the widespread consumption of these beverages.

Coffee consumption and risk of endometrial cancer: a pooled analysis of individual participant data in the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium (E2C2)

Epidemiologic studies suggest that coffee consumption may be inversely associated with risk of endometrial cancer (EC), the most common gynecological malignancy in developed countries. Furthermore, coffee consumption may lower circulating concentrations of estrogen and insulin, hormones implicated in endometrial carcinogenesis. Antioxidants and other chemopreventive compounds in coffee may have anticarcinogenic effects. Based on available meta-analyses, the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) concluded that consumption of coffee probably protects against EC. Our main aim was to examine the association between coffee consumption and EC risk by combining individual-level data in a pooled analysis. We also sought to evaluate potential effect modification by other risk factors for EC. We combined individual-level data from 19 epidemiologic studies (6 cohort, 13 case-control) of 12,159 EC cases and 27,479 controls from the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium (E2C2). Logistic regression was used to calculate ORs and their corresponding 95% CIs. All models were adjusted for potential confounders including age, race, BMI, smoking status, diabetes status, study design, and study site. Coffee drinkers had a lower risk of EC than non-coffee drinkers (multiadjusted OR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.95). There was a dose-response relation between higher coffee consumption and lower risk of EC: compared with non-coffee drinkers, the adjusted pooled ORs for those who drank 1, 2-3, and >4 cups/d were 0.90 (95% CI: 0.82, 1.00), 0.86 (95% CI: 0.78, 0.95), and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.66, 0.87), respectively (P-trend < 0.001). The inverse association between coffee consumption and EC risk was stronger in participants with BMI > 25 kg/m2. The results of the largest analysis to date pooling individual-level data further support the potentially beneficial health effects of coffee consumption in relation to EC, especially among females with higher BMI.

Relationship of coffee consumption with a decline in kidney function among patients with type 2 diabetes: The Fukuoka Diabetes Registry.

Aims/IntroductionThe evidence regarding the effects of coffee consumption on incident chronic kidney disease is inconclusive, and no studies have investigated the relationship in patients with diabetes. We aimed to prospectively investigate the relationship between coffee consumption and the decline in estimated glomerular function rate (eGFR) in patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsA total of 3,805 patients (2,112 men, 1,693 women) with type 2 diabetes (mean age 64.2 years) and eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 were followed (completion of follow up, 97.6%; median 5.3 years). Coffee consumption was assessed at baseline. The end‐point was a decline in eGFR to <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 during the follow‐up period.ResultsDuring follow up, 840 participants experienced a decline in eGFR to <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Higher coffee consumption reduced the risk of decline in eGFR. Compared with no coffee consumption, the multivariate‐adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 0.77 (0.63–0.93) for less than one cup per day, 0.77 (0.62–0.95) for one cup per day and 0.75 (0.62–0.91) for two or more cups per day (P for trend 0.01). This trend was unaffected by further adjustment for baseline eGFR and albuminuria. The mean eGFR change per year was −2.16 mL/min/1.73 m2 with no coffee consumption, −1.89 mL/min/1.73 m2 with less than one cup per day, −1.80 mL/min/1.73 m2 with one cup per day and −1.78 mL/min/1.73 m2 with two or more cups per day (P for trend 0.03).ConclusionsCoffee consumption is significantly associated with a lower risk of decline in eGFR in patients with type 2 diabetes.

The role of coffee consumption in breast and ovarian cancer risk: updated meta-analyses

&#x0D; Background: Coffee consumption in relation to female hormone-related cancers has been investigated but metaanalyses regarding breast and ovarian cancer include studies published up to 2012 with inconsistent results for ovarian cancer.&#x0D; Methods: We conducted two updated meta-analyses of studies published up to June 2016 to quantify the association of coffee intake with breast and ovarian cancer risk with random effects models. We used the dataset developed by the International Agency for Research on Cancer Working Group for Monograph 116 meeting (May 2016). We additionally performed a PubMed search in June 2016.&#x0D; Results: Summary relative risks (RRs) (95% confidence intervals (CI)) for the study-specific highest vs. lowest coffee consumption were for breast and ovarian cancer respectively: 0.97 (0.93–1.00, Ι2 5.5%, 40 studies, 76,728 cases) and 1.03 (0.93–1.14, Ι 2 31.9%, 31 studies, 13,111 cases). For decaffeinated coffee the corresponding RRs were: 1.00 (0.93-1.08, I2 32.2%, 13 studies) and 0.83 (0.71-0.96, I2 about 0%, 9 studies). The association of coffee with ovarian cancer risk was higher among publications before (RR=1.37, 1.12–1.69) compared to after 2000 (RR=0.96, 0.86-1.06).&#x0D; Conclusion: Our meta-analyses provide strong, quantitative evidence that coffee consumption is not related to breast cancer risk and appears to be unrelated to ovarian cancer risk.&#x0D;

The relationship of coffee consumption and CVD risk factors in elderly patients with T2DM

ObjectiveClinical studies suggest increasing prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and diabetes among the elderly. Meanwhile, some food compounds, such as coffee, can also have beneficial effects on CVD risk factors. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between coffee consumption and CVD risk factors in the elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsThis cross-sectional study was performed during 2017 on 300 elderly people above 60 years of age with T2DM in Isfahan, Iran. Dietary assessment was performed using a food frequency questionnaire. Coffee consumption was classified into three groups including < 1, 1–3, and > 3 cups/day. Partial correlation test was used to investigate the relationship between CVD risk factors and usual coffee consumption.ResultsThe mean age and body mass index of participants were 70.04 ± 4.87 years and 24.74 ± 3.34 kg/m2 respectively. Coffee consumption had a significant inverse relationship with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in the elderly with T2DM (r: − 0.117, 0.134; p: 0.046, 0.022). Triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) had a significant positive relationship with coffee consumption levels (r: 0.636, 0.128; p: 0.028, 0.029). These results were obtained after controlling for potential confounders.ConclusionIncreasing coffee consumption was linked to improved status of some CVD risk factors including FPG, HDL-C, and DBP in the elderly with T2DM. Nevertheless, increasing coffee consumption was also associated with higher TG level and had no significant effect on other risk factors. Further studies are required to confirm these results.

Coffee Consumption and Invasive Breast Cancer Incidence among Postmenopausal Women in the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort

There is limited evidence of a potential inverse association between coffee, particularly caffeinated coffee, consumption and postmenopausal breast cancer risk, and few studies have examined this association by tumor hormone receptor status. To provide further evidence, we examined total, caffeinated, and decaffeinated coffee consumption in relation to postmenopausal invasive breast cancer incidence overall, and by tumor estrogen receptor (ER) and/or progesterone receptor (PR) subtype. Among 57,075 postmenopausal women in the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort who were cancer free and reported coffee intake in 1999, we identified 2,980 women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer during follow-up through June 2015. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression was used to compute hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Neither total, caffeinated, nor decaffeinated coffee consumption was associated with invasive breast cancer risk; HRs (95% CIs) comparing consumption of ≥2 cups per day with <1 cup per month were 0.99 (0.89-1.11), 0.96 (0.87-1.06), and 1.06 (0.95-1.19), respectively. Similarly, coffee consumption was not associated with risk of hormone receptor-positive (ER+ or PR+) or hormone receptor-negative (ER- and PR-) breast tumors. These findings do not support an association between coffee consumption and invasive breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women. This large prospective study contributes to the limited evidence on coffee consumption and breast cancer risk, finding no association overall or by tumor receptor subtype.

Consumo de café: fator de risco para desenvolvimento de úlcera péptica?

Objetivo: Analisar a partir da literatura a relação do consumo de café como um fator de risco para desenvolvimento de úlceras pépticas. Método: O presente artigo é uma revisão integrativa realizada nas bases de dados Web of Science e PubMed, e o Portal de Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) do Ministério da Educação do Brasil (MEC), sendo selecionados 8 artigos publicados entre 2000 e 2020 obedecendo critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Resultados: Prevaleceram estudos transversais (50%), seguidos pelos estudos de coorte prospectivos (25%) e enfim por um estudo longitudinal (12,5%) e uma revisão sistemática (12,5%), sendo cada artigo original escrito em torno de uma pesquisa em um país diferente. Conclusão: A partir dos dados obtidos nos artigos selecionados, sugere-se que o consumo de café não seja, afinal, um fator de risco para desenvolvimento de úlceras pépticas, mas torna-se evidente a necessidade de mais pesquisas direcionadas a essa temática.

Coffee consumption and risk of bladder cancer: a pooled analysis of 501,604 participants from 12 cohort studies in the BLadder Cancer Epidemiology and Nutritional Determinants (BLEND) international study.

Recent epidemiological studies have shown varying associations between coffee consumption and bladder cancer (BC). This research aims to elucidate the association between coffee consumption and BC risk by bringing together worldwide cohort studies on this topic. Coffee consumption in relation to BC risk was examined by pooling individual data from 12 cohort studies, comprising of 2601 cases out of 501,604 participants. Pooled multivariate hazard ratios (HRs), with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were obtained using multilevel Weibull regression models. Furthermore, dose-response relationships were examined using generalized least squares regression models. The association between coffee consumption and BC risk showed interaction with sex (P-interaction < 0.001) and smoking (P-interaction = 0.001). Therefore, analyses were stratified by sex and smoking. After adjustment for potential confounders, an increased BC risk was shown for high (> 500ml/day, equivalent to > 4 cups/day) coffee consumption compared to never consumers among male smokers (current smokers: HR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.27-2.42, P-trend = 0.002; former smokers: HR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.12-1.85, P-trend = 0.001). In addition, dose-response analyses, in male smokers also showed an increased BC risk for coffee consumption of more than 500ml/day (4 cups/day), with the risk of one cup (125ml) increment as 1.07 (95% CI 1.06-1.08). This research suggests that positive associations between coffee consumption and BC among male smokers but not never smokers and females. The inconsistent results between sexes and the absence of an association in never smokers indicate that the associations found among male smokers is unlikely to be causal and is possibly caused by residual confounding of smoking.

Abstract 966: Coffee consumption and invasive breast cancer incidence among postmenopausal women in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort

Abstract Accumulating evidence suggests that coffee consumption may be inversely associated with breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women, with growing evidence of a stronger association for caffeinated than for decaffeinated coffee. However, few studies have examined this association by hormone receptor status or minimized confounding due to cigarette smoking. Recently, we found that caffeinated, but not decaffeinated coffee consumption was inversely associated with breast cancer mortality among nonsmoking women enrolled in the Cancer Prevention Study-II (CPS-II). Subsequently, the 2018 WCRF/AICR Diet, Nutrition, Physical Activity and Cancer Third Expert Report drew no conclusion regarding the association between coffee consumption and breast cancer risk. To provide further evidence, we examined total, caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee consumption in relation to postmenopausal invasive breast cancer incidence, overall, among nonsmokers and by estrogen and/or progesterone receptor (ER/PR) status among women enrolled in the CPS-II Nutrition Cohort, a subcohort of CPS-II. This analysis included 57,120 postmenopausal women who were cancer-free and reported coffee intake in 1999, and who were followed for cancer incidence through June 2013. During follow-up, 2,848 (2,349 ER or PR positive, and 252 ER and PR negative) women with a verified invasive breast cancer were identified. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Neither total nor decaffeinated coffee consumption was associated with risk of invasive breast cancer among all women or in any subgroup. For caffeinated coffee consumption, the HR (95% CI) for consumption of 2 or more cups/day, compared to less than 1 cup/month, was 0.90 (0.82-1.00) among all women, and 0.88 (0.80-0.98) among nonsmokers. Similarly, caffeinated coffee consumption was associated with a statistically significantly lower risk of ER+ or PR+ breast cancer (HR=0.88, 95% CI 0.79-0.99) and a nonsignificant lower risk of ER- and PR- breast cancer (HR=0.83, 95% CI 0.59-1.16) among all women. These findings underscore the importance of stratifying on type of coffee in studies examining the association between coffee consumption and risk of invasive postmenopausal breast cancer. Additionally, to better understand the role of caffeinated vs. decaffeinated coffee in breast cancer etiology we will examine the potential mediating effects of coffee metabolites on this association. Citation Format: Susan M. Gapstur, Marjorie L. McCullough, Rebecca A. Hodge, Ying Wang, Caroline Y. Um, Terryl J. Hartman, Mia M. Gaudet. Coffee consumption and invasive breast cancer incidence among postmenopausal women in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 966.

Association of Coffee and Tea Intake with the Oral Microbiome: Results from a Large Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: The oral microbiota play a central role in oral health, and possibly in carcinogenesis. Research suggests that coffee and tea consumption may have beneficial health effects. We examined the associations of these common beverages with the oral ecosystem in a large cross-sectional study.Methods: We assessed oral microbiota in mouthwash samples from 938 participants in two U.S. cohorts using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Coffee and tea intake were assessed from food frequency questionnaires. We examined associations of coffee and tea intake with overall oral microbiota diversity and composition using linear regression and permutational MANOVA, respectively, and with taxon abundance using negative binomial generalized linear models; all models adjusted for age, sex, cohort, body mass index, smoking, ethanol intake, and energy intake.Results: Higher tea intake was associated with greater oral microbiota richness (P = 0.05) and diversity (P = 0.006), and shifts in overall community composition (P = 0.002); coffee was not associated with these microbiome parameters. Tea intake was associated with altered abundance of several oral taxa; these included Fusobacteriales, Clostridiales, and Shuttleworthia satelles (higher with increasing tea) and Bifidobacteriaceae, Bergeyella, Lactobacillales, and Kingella oralis (lower with increasing tea). Higher coffee intake was only associated with greater abundance of Granulicatella and Synergistetes.Conclusions: In the largest study to date of tea and coffee consumption in relation to the oral microbiota, the microbiota of tea drinkers differed in several ways from nondrinkers.Impact: Tea-driven changes to the oral microbiome may contribute to previously observed associations between tea and oral and systemic diseases, including cancers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(7); 814-21. ©2018 AACR.

Tea and coffee consumption in relation to glioma: a case-control study.

Data on the link between tea and coffee consumption and risk of glioma are controversial. We aimed to examine the association between tea and coffee consumption and glioma in Iranian adults. In this hospital-based case-control study, we enrolled 128 pathologically confirmed new cases of glioma and 256 age- and sex-matched controls. Dietary intakes of study participants including tea and coffee consumption was assessed using the validated Block-format 123-item semi-quantitative FFQ. Participants were categorized based on tertiles of tea and coffee consumption. Data on potential confounders were also collected through the use of pre-tested questionnaire. Individuals with the greatest tea consumption were less likely to have glioma compared with those with the lowest consumption (0.36; 0.20-0.68). This inverse association was not changed after controlling for energy intake. The association remained statistically significant even after taking other potential confounders, including dietary intakes of red and processed meats, legumes and nuts, fruits, salt and mutual effects of tea and coffee consumption, into account (0.33; 0.13-0.86). Additional adjustments for BMI did not alter the association. After controlling for potential confounders, including dietary intakes and BMI, coffee consumption was inversely associated with odds of glioma; such that individuals in the top category of coffee consumption were 91% less likely to have glioma compared with those in the bottom category (0.09; 0.03-0.24). Considering coffee and tea intake combined, those in the highest tertile were 65% less likely to have glioma compared with those in the lowest tertile (0.35; 0.15-0.83). We found an inverse association between tea and coffee consumption and odds of glioma, even after controlling for a wide range of confounders.

HUBUNGAN KONSUMSI KOPI DAN SCREEN-TIME DENGAN LAMA TIDUR DAN STATUS GIZI PADA DEWASA

Background: Nutritional problem such as underweight or obesity in adolescents is an important issue that can lead into some disease.1 BMI can be affected with some factor, there were coffee consumption, screen-time and sleep duration. Sleep duration can be affected by coffee consumption and screen-time.Objective: Knowing the relationship of coffee consumption and screen-time with sleep duration and BMI among Adult.Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 52 adult in Semarang Café. We measured weight and height as BMI (kg/m2). Subject interviewed about coffee consumption, screen-time, sleep duration and physical activity. Bivariate analysis used Pearson test and Rank-Spearman test. Multivariate analysis used Multivariate Linear Regression analysis of Backward.Result: Bivariate analysis showed there was a significance relationship between coffee volume and night screen-time with sleep duration (r=-0,3,p=0,03 and r=-0,3,p=0,01). There was a significance relationship between 1 day screen-time and physical activity with BMI (r=0,2, p=0,04 and r=-0,27, p=0,04). Multivariate analysis showed there was a significance relationship between physical activity with BMI (β=-0,26, p=0,05).Conclusion: The volume of coffee consumption and screen-time was the factor that caused sleep deprivation. Physical activity was the factor of increased nutritional status.

Tea and coffee consumption in relation to DNA methylation in four European cohorts.

Lifestyle factors, such as food choices and exposure to chemicals, can alter DNA methylation and lead to changes in gene activity. Two such exposures with pharmacologically active components are coffee and tea consumption. Both coffee and tea have been suggested to play an important role in modulating disease-risk in humans by suppressing tumour progression, decreasing inflammation and influencing estrogen metabolism. These mechanisms may be mediated by changes in DNA methylation. To investigate if DNA methylation in blood is associated with coffee and tea consumption, we performed a genome-wide DNA methylation study for coffee and tea consumption in four European cohorts (N = 3,096). DNA methylation was measured from whole blood at 421,695 CpG sites distributed throughout the genome and analysed in men and women both separately and together in each cohort. Meta-analyses of the results and additional regional-level analyses were performed. After adjusting for multiple testing, the meta-analysis revealed that two individual CpG-sites, mapping to DNAJC16 and TTC17, were differentially methylated in relation to tea consumption in women. No individual sites were associated with men or with the sex-combined analysis for tea or coffee. The regional analysis revealed that 28 regions were differentially methylated in relation to tea consumption in women. These regions contained genes known to interact with estradiol metabolism and cancer. No significant regions were found in the sex-combined and male-only analysis for either tea or coffee consumption.

Habitual coffee consumption and genetic predisposition to obesity: gene-diet interaction analyses in three US prospective studies

BackgroundWhether habitual coffee consumption interacts with the genetic predisposition to obesity in relation to body mass index (BMI) and obesity is unknown.MethodsWe analyzed the interactions between genetic predisposition and habitual coffee consumption in relation to BMI and obesity risk in 5116 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS), in 9841 women from the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS), and in 5648 women from the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI). The genetic risk score was calculated based on 77 BMI-associated loci. Coffee consumption was examined prospectively in relation to BMI.ResultsThe genetic association with BMI was attenuated among participants with higher consumption of coffee than among those with lower consumption in the HPFS (Pinteraction = 0.023) and NHS (Pinteraction = 0.039); similar results were replicated in the WHI (Pinteraction = 0.044). In the combined data of all cohorts, differences in BMI per increment of 10-risk allele were 1.38 (standard error (SE), 0.28), 1.02 (SE, 0.10), and 0.95 (SE, 0.12) kg/m2 for coffee consumption of < 1, 1–3 and > 3 cup(s)/day, respectively (Pinteraction < 0.001). Such interaction was partly due to slightly higher BMI with higher coffee consumption among participants at lower genetic risk and slightly lower BMI with higher coffee consumption among those at higher genetic risk. Each increment of 10-risk allele was associated with 78% (95% confidence interval (CI), 59–99%), 48% (95% CI, 36–62%), and 43% (95% CI, 28–59%) increased risk for obesity across these subgroups of coffee consumption (Pinteraction = 0.008). From another perspective, differences in BMI per increment of 1 cup/day coffee consumption were 0.02 (SE, 0.09), –0.02 (SE, 0.04), and –0.14 (SE, 0.04) kg/m2 across tertiles of the genetic risk score.ConclusionsHigher coffee consumption might attenuate the genetic associations with BMI and obesity risk, and individuals with greater genetic predisposition to obesity appeared to have lower BMI associated with higher coffee consumption.

Multiple Beneficial effects Associated with Coffee Consumption on Human Liver

Coffee is widely consumed beverage in the world. Incidence of chronic liver disease decreases with intake of coffee.The main objective of this study is to elucidate the hepatoprotective as well as chemo protective effect of coffee consumption in relation to previous published data. Prospective cohort studies based on relationship between coffee intake and ultimate effects on liver cancer have drawn various conclusions. Coffee’s beneficial effects in various disease states have been demonstrated in variety of studies. Studies have provided data regarding effects of coffee in hot as well as in cold state. Level of blood cholesterol, following filtration, is affected by the coffee components. Among the components of coffee, caffeine played the significant role in reducing the level of ALT in coffee consumers as compared with non-coffee consumers. Coffee intake is associated with cardiovascular events and hypertension risks. However, intake of coffee has been found to be inversely related to the level of serum enzymes like gamma-glutamyltransferase, and alanine aminotransferase when studies relating to coffee effect on liver were performed in different countries. Moreover, the data based on epidemiological analysis, clearly suggested that liver cirrhosis had inverse relationship with coffee consumption; however, the results obtained were not sufficient to demonstrate that coffee may have hepatoprotective effect in liver injury. There is emerging evidence revealing that consumption of coffee has been associated with reduction of risks of various types of cancers. The emerging data on coffee consumption has revealed that it has beneficial effects in colorectal, pancreatic, and pharyngeal as well as in liver cancer. A systematic review was performed regarding association of coffee consumption and effect of coffee intake on liver diseases like hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), viral hepatitis, cirrhosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Coffee consumption, in dose dependent manner, was found to improve the level of serum gamma-glutamyltransferase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in individuals which were found to be at risk of liver diseases. Anticancer effect of coffee on liver is achieved by induction as well as inhibition of specific enzymes. The patients with history of chronic liver disease who consume coffee, were reported to be at a reduced risk of liver to be cirrhotic, and a decreased mortality rate was observed in cirrhosis patients, as well as a decreased rate of development of Hepatocellular carcinoma was observed. In individuals with history of chronic hepatitis C, coffee intake was found to be associated with enhanced virologic reaction to antiviral drug therapy. Furthermore, coffee intake was reported to be inversely associated with the severeness of steatohepatitis in individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disorder. Therefore, in patients with chronic liver disease, coffee consumption on daily basis should be persuaded.

Investigation of gene-diet interactions in the incretin system and risk of type 2 diabetes: the EPIC-InterAct study.

Aims/hypothesisThe gut incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) have a major role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Specific genetic and dietary factors have been found to influence the release and action of incretins. We examined the effect of interactions between seven incretin-related genetic variants in GIPR, KCNQ1, TCF7L2 and WFS1 and dietary components (whey-containing dairy, cereal fibre, coffee and olive oil) on the risk of type 2 diabetes in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-InterAct study.MethodsThe current case-cohort study included 8086 incident type 2 diabetes cases and a representative subcohort of 11,035 participants (median follow-up: 12.5 years). Prentice-weighted Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to investigate the associations and interactions between the dietary factors and genes in relation to the risk of type 2 diabetes.ResultsAn interaction (p = 0.048) between TCF7L2 variants and coffee intake was apparent, with an inverse association between coffee and type 2 diabetes present among carriers of the diabetes risk allele (T) in rs12255372 (GG: HR 0.99 [95% CI 0.97, 1.02] per cup of coffee; GT: HR 0.96 [95% CI 0.93, 0.98]); and TT: HR 0.93 [95% CI 0.88, 0.98]). In addition, an interaction (p = 0.005) between an incretin-specific genetic risk score and coffee was observed, again with a stronger inverse association with coffee in carriers with more risk alleles (0–3 risk alleles: HR 0.99 [95% CI 0.94, 1.04]; 7–10 risk alleles: HR 0.95 [95% CI 0.90, 0.99]). None of these associations were statistically significant after correction for multiple testing.Conclusions/interpretationOur large-scale case-cohort study provides some evidence for a possible interaction of TCF7L2 variants and an incretin-specific genetic risk score with coffee consumption in relation to the risk of type 2 diabetes. Further large-scale studies and/or meta-analyses are needed to confirm these interactions in other populations.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00125-016-4090-5) contains peer-reviewed but unedited supplementary material, which is available to authorised users.

Coffee intake and the risk of colorectal adenoma: The colorectal adenoma study in Tokyo

Coffee is a commonly consumed beverage which contains several potential anticarcinogenic and chemopreventive compounds, and has been hypothesized to have protective effects in colorectal neoplasia. However, the limited available data on coffee consumption in relation to colorectal adenoma (CRA), a precursor lesion to most colorectal cancers, remain largely inconsistent. In this study, we evaluated the association of coffee intake with the risk of CRA in a middle-aged Japanese population. Study subjects were selected from examinees who underwent total colonoscopy as part of a cancer screening program and responded to self-administered dietary and lifestyle questionnaires. A total of 738 patients with adenoma and 697 controls were included in the study. Coffee intake was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire, and divided into quartiles based on the distribution among controls. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of CRA, with adjustment for potential confounding factors. High coffee consumption was associated with a reduced risk of CRA, with a multivariate-adjusted OR for the highest versus lowest quartile of coffee intake of 0.67 (95% CI = 0.48-0.93; ptrend = 0.02). The inverse association of coffee intake was limited to proximal (OR = 0.64; 95%CI = 0.44-0.95; ptrend = 0.04) and distal colon adenoma (OR = 0.62; 95%CI = 0.39-0.99; ptrend = 0.06), and appeared to be more evident with small (OR = 0.68; 95%CI = 0.49-0.96; ptrend = 0.04) and single adenomas (OR = 0.65; 95%CI = 0.44-0.95; ptrend = 0.02). Green tea intake was not found to be associated with CRA risk. This study provides support for the protective effect of coffee drinking on colon adenomas, a precursor of colon cancer.

Maternal cigarette, alcohol, and coffee consumption in relation to risk of clubfoot.

Clubfoot is associated with maternal cigarette smoking in several studies, but it is not clear if this association is confined to women who smoke throughout the at-risk period. Maternal alcohol and coffee drinking have not been well studied in relation to clubfoot. The present study used data from a population-based case-control study of clubfoot conducted in Massachusetts, New York, and North Carolina from 2007 to 2011. Mothers of 646 isolated clubfoot cases and 2037 controls were interviewed about pregnancy events and exposures, including the timing and frequency of cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, and coffee drinking. More mothers of cases than controls reported smoking during early pregnancy (28.9% vs. 19.1%). Of women who smoked when they became pregnant, those who quit in the month after a first missed period had a 40% increase in clubfoot risk and those who continued to smoke during the next 3 months had more than a doubling in risk, after controlling for demographic factors, parity, obesity, and specific medication exposures. Adjusted odds ratios for women who drank >3 servings of alcohol or coffee per day throughout early pregnancy were 2.38 and 1.77, respectively, but the numbers of exposed women were small and odds ratios were unstable. Clubfoot risk appears to be increased for offspring of women who smoke cigarettes, particularly those who continue smoking after pregnancy is recognisable, regardless of amount. For alcohol and coffee drinkers, suggested increased risks were only observed in higher levels of intake.

Long-term Coffee Consumption in Relation to Fracture Risk and Bone Mineral Density in Women

High consumption of coffee has been suggested to reduce the risk of some late-onset diseases and death but also to contribute to the development of osteoporotic fractures. Results of previous fracture studies have been inconsistent, and a comprehensive study is needed. The longitudinal population-based Swedish Mammography Cohort, including 61,433 women born in 1914-1948, was followed up from 1987 through 2008. Coffee consumption was assessed with repeated food frequency questionnaires. During follow-up, 14,738 women experienced fracture of any type, and 3,871 had a hip fracture. In a subcohort (n= 5,022), bone density was measured and osteoporosis determined (n = 1,012). After multivariable adjustment, there was no evidence of a higher rate of any fracture (hazard ratioper 200 mL coffee = 0.99; 95% confidence interval: 0.98, 1.00) or hip fracture (hazard ratio per 200 mL coffee = 0.97, 95% confidence interval: 0.95, 1.00) with increasing coffee consumption. A high coffee intake (≥4 cups daily) versus a low intake (<1 cup daily) was associated with a 2%-4% lower bone density, depending on site (P < 0.001), but the odds ratio for osteoporosis was only 1.28 (95% confidence interval: 0.88, 1.87). Thus, high coffee consumption was associated with a small reduction in bone density that did not translate into an increased risk of fracture.