Abstract
ObjectiveClinical studies suggest increasing prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and diabetes among the elderly. Meanwhile, some food compounds, such as coffee, can also have beneficial effects on CVD risk factors. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between coffee consumption and CVD risk factors in the elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsThis cross-sectional study was performed during 2017 on 300 elderly people above 60 years of age with T2DM in Isfahan, Iran. Dietary assessment was performed using a food frequency questionnaire. Coffee consumption was classified into three groups including < 1, 1–3, and > 3 cups/day. Partial correlation test was used to investigate the relationship between CVD risk factors and usual coffee consumption.ResultsThe mean age and body mass index of participants were 70.04 ± 4.87 years and 24.74 ± 3.34 kg/m2 respectively. Coffee consumption had a significant inverse relationship with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in the elderly with T2DM (r: − 0.117, 0.134; p: 0.046, 0.022). Triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) had a significant positive relationship with coffee consumption levels (r: 0.636, 0.128; p: 0.028, 0.029). These results were obtained after controlling for potential confounders.ConclusionIncreasing coffee consumption was linked to improved status of some CVD risk factors including FPG, HDL-C, and DBP in the elderly with T2DM. Nevertheless, increasing coffee consumption was also associated with higher TG level and had no significant effect on other risk factors. Further studies are required to confirm these results.
Highlights
Evidence suggests that there is an increase in the prevalence of diseases such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to increased inflammation following ageing [1]
Epidemiological studies suggest that drinking coffee can reduce some risk factors leading to death in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as well as CVD patients [16, 17]
The present study showed that coffee consumption had an inverse relationship with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) but had no significant relationship with systolic blood pressure (SBP) among the elderly with T2DM
Summary
Evidence suggests that there is an increase in the prevalence of diseases such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to increased inflammation following ageing [1]. Previous studies found that moderate coffee consumption is inversely related to CVD risk factors [11,12,13,14] but the mechanism of effect of coffee on chronic diseases and their common risk factors is not clearly known. This drink has well-known antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties which could potentially be playing a significant role in preventing CVD, cancers, neurological and psychological disorders, as well as diabetes [7, 10]. Smoking tobacco can result in diminished positive effects of coffee [18]
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