Coexistence Of Different Cultures Research Articles

The crisis of pluralism in the context of the weakening of universal law

The global society has been transitioning through a crisis period for a while. It has been disintegrating and fragmenting in different ways, on different basis and under the impact of different causes. One important factor of integration of the global society is the norms of general international law, named here the universal law. In this paper we pay special attention to the crisis of universal values and the idea of pluralism and peaceful coexistence of different cultures and civilisations. This crisis might have very negative effects on the global society because of the lack of respect towards the idea of pluralism and the lack of minimum global unity make the idea of universal law as the basic regulatory frame of the global social relations impossible.

MULTICULTURALISM IN CYBERSPACE

Language is an essential part of identity, and in many ways it is considered to be the fundamental constituent of identity. Language and culture are inextricably linked. Every social group with distinct linguistic and social characteristics seeks to preserve its cultural identity. Contemporary political theorists have labeled this phenomenon of the coexistence of different cultures in the same geographical space as multiculturalism. Based on the descriptive, analytical, comparative and verbal-culturological methods, this article discusses the presence of various cultural and ethnic groups within a society. Multiculturalism in cyberspace mainly denotes the harmony and interaction of diverse cultures within online communities and platforms. The vanishing of cultures naturally has a negative impact on diversity. It is critical to create an environment where different cultural groups can sustain and flourish, thus making the overall gamma of linguistic colors richer and more colorful.

Man as a “Work of Art”: The Religious–Dialogical Dimension of Education as a Path of Education for Beauty/Goodness

Aiming to establish a dialogue with modern man, who lives in a culture marked by great challenges, church documents put a great emphasis on the via pulchritudinis. The via pulchritudinis, i.e., the way of beauty, is considered to be a privileged way of achieving dialogue. Awareness of the importance of beauty, in close connection with goodness and truth, is increasingly present in the theological and the religious–pedagogical thought. One of the specific questions related to education for beauty refers to the education of a person who is called to transform his or her life into a “work of art”. This paper reflects on only one specific aspect of the issue of shaping human beauty/goodness, that is, people’s “humanity”, in connection with the challenges of increasingly complex coexistence in diversity. Globalization and migration trends, primarily by complicating life together/coexistence, pose certain challenges to man as an individual, as well as to the entire society, especially the challenge that is coexistence of different cultures and religions. Since these problems also penetrate school classrooms, education systems are expected to provide appropriate responses. The paper consists of two parts. In the theoretical part, two specific fundamental issues related to the education of a person’s “humanity” in the atmosphere of “conflict culture” are considered: the issue of comprehensive education following the ancient connection of beauty and goodness, as well as the issue of education for coexistence. The second part presents the results of the research which was carried out in the Republic of Croatia and which aimed to examine the presence of curriculum content that enables the acquisition of religious–dialogical competence, using the method of text analysis. In more exact terms, faced with the challenges that arise from a society burdened with misunderstanding, violence and hostility, often linked with a religious affiliation and worldviews, we ask ourselves the following question: to what extent is the contemporary education system in the Republic of Croatia, at the level of its curricula, open to the comprehensive development of students, especially in terms of the development of the religious–dialogical dimension, necessary for living a good and beautiful life in the modern multicultural and multireligious world? The results reveal a different, mostly insufficient, openness of the curriculum to the religious dimension of intercultural education. That is one of the reasons why the education system does not seem to be open to the development of the knowledge, attitudes and skills necessary for a harmonious and “beautiful” coexistence in modern society.

Cуперечлива спадщина тоталітаризму: контроверсійні наративи й інноваційні підходи (на прикладі експозиції пам’ятника Перемоги в Південному Тіролі)

The article seeks to emphasize the most recent methods for reinterpreting and gaining a modern perspective on the challenging and contentious historical impact of the to- talitarian past. Th is will be illustrated through an examination of the Victory Monument in Bolzano/Bozen, located in the Autonomous Province of South Tyrol, Italy. Th roughout its his- tory, this monument has sparked intense discussions and served as a battleground for vari- ous cultural memory models. Th is study brings to the forefront intricate questions regarding cultural memory within a diverse society and its implications for museum exhibitions. Th is work relies on an examination of scholarly literature and incorporates fi eld research conducted by the author. Th e article delves into the diffi culties related to the function of museum exhibi- tions in reevaluating a contentious historical legacy in a diverse society, which is crucial for its sustainable democratic advancement. Th e reformatting of the monument with the help of an innovative exhibition, as well as the reconstruction of its underground space for the organiza- tion of the Documentation Center, made it possible to open it to the public. The concept of the innovative exhibition «BZ ‘18-’45. One Monument, One City, Two Dictatorships» was an artistic intervention that historically contextualized the monument that originally embodied totalitarian ideology and culture. It is determined that the creation of a new museum exhibi- tion in Bolzano/Bocen is an example of an innovative approach to reformatting the symbolic space and political discourse around the heavy totalitarian legacy. Based on the analysis of the new museum exhibition, it was found that the monument, which caused controversy, became a basis for understanding diff erent cultures of memory in a multi-ethnic region and establishing cultural communication between diff erent ethnolinguistic communities. Th e reconceptualizing of the monument’s narrative made it possible to create a space for the coexistence of diff erent cultures of memory inherited from the diffi cult past. Th e museum’s experience of historical and artistic rethinking of a complex cultural heritage through a critical approach to the interpreta- tion of the fascist totalitarian past for the sake of social understanding and reconciliation can contribute to the development of contemporary cultural initiatives in Ukraine.

The Destiny of Phenomenology: Gadamer on Value, Globalism, and the Growth of Being

The Destiny of Phenomenology: Gadamer on Value, Globalism, and the Growth of Being

Intercultural Competence: Attitudes and Comprehension of Social Studies Teacher Candidates

In the 21st century, citizens live in an increasingly interconnected world that imposes intercultural communication. Contemporary and democratic society necessitates the peaceful coexistence of different cultures. In most societies, people with different perspectives, and origins come together on the street, at school, or at work. Each individual should have the chance to live peacefully, cooperate and develop a sense of responsibility for the well-being of society. Social studies are essential in teaching future citizens knowledge, skills, and values related to cultural differences. This research aims to reveal the attitudes and comprehension of social studies teacher candidates (TCs) toward different cultures. Present paper aim to contribute the literature by documenting the attitudes and comprehension of TCs regarding the people of different cultures especially from the countries that have face conflicting issues. The research, carried out with a basic qualitative research design, covers the data collected during the activities carried out to improve the attitudes and comprehension of TCs toward intercultural communication. 32 TCs, 25 women and seven men, took part in the study. Data collection tools used in the research are individual interviews, focus group interviews, and documents. The contents of 8 individual interviews and three focus group interviews, as well as performance assignments and evaluation articles prepared by the participants, were analyzed using by content analysis technique. The results indicate specific patterns in TCs attitudes and comprehension toward different cultures. The demonstrates that TCs define culture with its formalistic features, do not realize that culture may be related to worldview, are insufficient in researching cultural concepts, and generalize superficially about culture.

РАЗВИТИЕ ЭТНОМЕДИАЦИИ КАК ЭФФЕКТИВНОГО СПОСОБА ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ И УРЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ КОНФЛИКТНОЙ НАПРЯЖЕННОСТИ В КАЗАХСТАНЕ

Historically, the Republic of Kazakhstan is a multicultural country, where more than 100 representatives of ethnic groups live, and at the state level, special attention is paid to strengthening national unity. Over the years of Independence, a stable institutional framework has developed in the country, various technologies and mechanisms aimed at peaceful coexistence of different cultures have been developed and actively used. Taking into account the era of globalization, the situation in the geopolitical space, as well as in the whole world, the process of strengthening and developing national unity in the country remains continuous. This article is devoted to ethnomediation as an effective way to prevent and resolve conflict tensions between representatives of different ethnic groups.

UNESCO Activities for the Protection of Cultural Heritage in the Territory of Partially Recognized and Unrecognized States

UNESCO is the leading international organization of the UN system for the development of international humanitarian cooperation and the protection of historical and cultural heritage throughout the world. The organization has a unique institutional capacity to carry out core activities in relation to disputed states. However, today the problem of insufficient representation of the organization in unrecognized and partially recognized states remains. The relevance of this study lies in the absence of works that systematically analyze the problems that UNESCO faces in countries that have the status of unrecognized states. The subject of the work is the UNESCO’s policy for the protection of cultural and natural heritage in the disputed territories. In each case, episodes of interaction or attempts of cooperation between the leadership of the above-mentioned countries with UNESCO are considered from a historical perspective. The article uses the case study method, for the analysis the cases of unrecognized states with a rich tangible and intangible cultural heritage — Kosovo, Taiwan, Nagorno-Karabakh, Palestine, Abkhazia and South Ossetia — were selected. In each case, episodes of interaction or attempts of cooperation between the leadership of the above-mentioned countries with UNESCO are considered in a historical perspective. The novelty of the study lies primarily in the identification of obstacles UNESCO missions face and in the adjustment and improvement of conventional mechanisms and methods for the harmonious coexistence of different cultures, in the development of strategies and canons for the protection of cultural heritage in each of the cases mentioned above. The author comes to the conclusion that one of the most significant factors is the international context in which UNESCO's work is carried out in relation to each of the unrecognized and partially recognized states. In the process of implementing its activities in the context of acute collisions, UNESCO faces obstacles in the form of politicization of the issue of preservation and ownership of cultural heritage sites. At the same time, UNESCO provides an extremely constructive platform that contributes to the establishment of cooperation in the field of preserving the cultural heritage of these territories based on common humanistic values.

Canadian Culture, Identity, and Canadian Children’s Literature

This paper illuminates Canadian children’s literature in relation to Canadian cultural characteristics. Canadian children’s literature is a cultural product of Canada’s soil, reflecting and shaping the identity of Canadians. In other words, the questions of what Canadian culture is and what Canadian children’s literature is have been the main concerns of Canadians who have attempted to find and build value systems that differentiate themselves from Britain, France and the United States, By the end of the 20th century, regionalism and multiculturalism, in particular, emerged as the core values ​​of Canada. Canadian values ​​that respect the characteristics and diversity of each region and pursue the coexistence of different cultures are found in children’s literature, and such Canadian values ​​are firmly established through multiculturalism. Voices that had been neglected in the traditional discourses began to be expressed. Minorities, including oppressed women, indigenous peoples, and people with disabilities, expressed their positions more actively and created a new cultural landscape by publishing various texts, reflecting the way of thinking and emotions of minorities and their lives.

Analysis of Urban Visual Memes Based on Dictionary Learning: An Example with Urban Image Data

The coexistence of different cultures is a distinctive feature of human society, and globalization makes the construction of cities gradually tend to be the same, so how to find the unique memes of urban culture in a multicultural environment is very important for the development of a city. Most of the previous analyses of urban style have been based on simple classification tasks to obtain the visual elements of cities, lacking in considering the most essential visual elements of cities as a whole. Therefore, based on the image data of ten representative cities around the world, we extract the visual memes via the dictionary learning method, quantify the symmetric similarities and differences between cities by using the memetic similarity, and interpret the reasons for the similarities and differences between cities by using the memetic similarity and sparse representation. The experimental results show that the visual memes have certain limitations among different cities, i.e., the elements composing the urban style are very similar, and the linear combinations of visual memes vary widely as the reason for the differences in the urban style among cities.

Influence of an Intercultural Factor on the Formation of Sociocultural Capital of a Polyethnic City

The ideas of managing cultural diversity in the modern world are embodied primarily in the concepts of multiculturalism and interculturalism. Multiculturalism can be defined as ideology, politics and social discourse, which recognizes the legitimacy and value of cultural pluralism, the significance of the diversity of cultural forms. In its turn, this allows to form a single sociocultural space based on the tolerant coexistence of traditional ethnic or national cultures. Interculturalism is based on the dialogical paradigm of coexistence of different cultures: recognition of the heterogeneous nature of cultures, acceptance of the thesis of unity in diversity, identifying cultural diversity as a counterweight to assimilation. On the one hand, universal values create the platform of intercultural interaction within the framework of interculturalism, while on the other hand, there are civic culture and responsibility of ethnic groups for their society. Interculturalism is described as a life resource of a modern multiethnic city, a sociocultural capital that can multiply. Multiculturalism is aimed at preserving minority cultures that causes the conservation of the situation, and interculturalism provides an active and positive dialogue of different cultures with the aim of mutual enrichment. The sociological survey was held in the polycultural Ukrainian city of Melitopol, which has been applying policies and practices of interculturality since 2008. The aim is to analyse the interrelation of interculturality and sociocultural capital. The results indicate that ethnic communities are sufficiently integrated in public space and they are positively perceived by the city community. Therefore, interculturality is a significant resource of sociocultural capital accumulation which can be converted in political capital and it can consolidate a city community.

Mediación y pensamiento crítico en el aprendizaje de lenguas: el análisis de videoclips musicales

A fragmented Europe, where different nationalities and languages live together, needs education that allows its citizens to navigate it. Within the frame of this global and contemporary context, critical thinking appears to be a very necessary tool to understand the perspectives of other people and to achieve the effective co-existence of different cultures. Foreign language learning provides an excellent scenario for this reality. Music videos seem to be an appropriate instrument to develop this civic awareness, which is crystallised in the Reference Framework of Competences for Democratic Culture by the Council of Europe (2018). According to this model and an analysis of the multimodality and narrative of music videos, this paper furnishes a language teacher’s guide to select music videos to develop critical thinking. In addition, a mediated language learning experience among peers to encourage students’ democratic competences is presented.

The Belt and Road and the Rediscovery of Reciprocity-Based Anthropology

Reciprocity has core significance for understanding basic human living conditions: our social nature is founded on reciprocal relations, and reciprocity strengthens the ties between people. Reciprocity-based anthropology is a kind of cultural logic, one that stresses the interaction between different groups. Fundamentally, it involves studying forms of the mutually beneficial relations involved in complementary differences. This perspective reconciles differences, creating a communicative space for diverse cultures’ coexistence, symbiosis and sharing. The various channels formed through human activity include ways in and ways out, constant incomings and outgoings, the coexistence of different cultures, ways of life and ideas, and complementarity. The launching of the Belt and Road Initiative includes channels with multiple characteristics and functions, so research on this topic involves the analysis of society and culture based on roadways rather than locations.

SPOTKANIA MIĘDZYKULTUROWE Z PERSPEKTYWY ORGANIZATORA – CIENIE I BLASKI

Intercultural meetings are present in foreign language teaching and they are currently gaining popularity. It is the result not only of globalisation but also of the increasing sensitivity and awareness of the coexistence of different cultures. The advantages of intercultural meetingshave been appreciated by teachers and tutors working with different age groups. Leaving aside their benefits, they constitute an enormous organisational challenge at the same time. The following paper aims at discussing the opportunities and potential difficulties related tointercultural challenges based on the survey conducted among Polish and German teachers organising intercultural exchanges.

ОСНОВНІ ПОНЯТТЯ МІЖКУЛЬТУРНОГО ПІДХОДУ У ФРАНКОМОВНОМУ НАУКОВОМУ ДИСКУРСІ

The article analyzes the historical background of the origin of multicultural and intercultural approaches at the international level. The concept of the intercultural approach in the the process of educational activity of the French-speaking space has been analyzed. The main functions of multicultural education have been characterised. They are as follows: establishing the social relations between representatives of different languages and cultures; ensuring peace and stability in modern society; promoting the moral rules of human coexistence and enriching one culture by the creative achievements of the other. The attention is drawn to the differences between the terms “multicultural” and “intercultural”, their advantages and disadvantages. The use of the terms “multicultural” and “intercultural” has been shown. It has been found that multiculturalism is a way of coexistence of different cultures, which involves the combination of both homogeneous and heterogeneous components, and the term “intercultural” means, on the contrary, the relations and consideration of the interaction between the groups and individuals. It has been determined that the intercultural model does not describe the state or situation, but determines the approach to their analysis. An inextricable link between the multicultural and intercultural approaches in modern European education has been established.

Model dvojezičnega pouka v Prekmurju in slovar kot didaktični pripomoček

Model dvojezične vzgoje in izobraževanja sodi med dvosmerne modele ohranjanja dveh jezikov in kultur. V prvem delu prispevka predstavljamo uspešno uresničevanje dvojezičnega vzgojno-izobraževalnega procesa v Prekmurju s kratkim razvojnim lokom in izpostavimo najpomembnejše pogoje za njegovo izvajanje, vključno s podprtostjo izobraževanja učiteljev. Nato se posvetimo ključnim pomankljivostim modela: nedodelanosti didaktične plati dvojezičnega pouka in neustrezni usposobljenost učiteljev dvojezičnih šol na tem območju. Ena najpomembnejših poti do učinkovite usvojitve (strokovno)jezikovne strukture in uporabe jezika so dvojezični učbeniki in drugi učni pripomočki. Pri rabi učnih pripomočkov gre za zahtevno in pomembno spretnost, zato je ključnega pomena, da se učitelji, pa tudi učenci, dodatno usposobijo za delo z njimi. Slovar kot didaktični pripomoček ni zgolj sredstvo za informiranje, ampak osnova za razvijanje spretnosti na različnih jezikovni ravneh. Na podlagi teh ugotovitev v drugem delu prispevka najprej podajamo pregled obstoječih dvojezičnih madžarsko-slovenskih oz. slovensko-madžarskih slovarjev in ostalih učnih gradiv, nato pa predstavimo dva nedavna projekta, katerih cilji so usmerjeni v izdelavo dvojezičnih slovarjev, učnih gradiv in izboljševanje kompetenc učiteljev v dvojezičnih šolah v Prekmurju. V zaključku strnemo glavne ugotovitve in ponudimo razmisleke o naslednjih korakih za izboljšavo dvojezičnega modela izobraževanja.

Diverse, conflicting and complementary worldviews: An anthropological investigation of consumption in CSA

This article examines the engagement of consumers in alternative direct selling systems: community-supported agriculture (CSA) programmes. It relies on an ethnographical study and the use of an anthropological analytical framework, cultural theory, which aims to shed light on the worldviews of actors. CSA programmes appear as community enclaves that operate outside and against the market. The analysis also reveals the coexistence of different cultures within the CSA movement. This diversity of worldviews generates tensions but their complementarity proves to be positive for the movement.

The Contemporary Countries in The Conditions of Migratory Multiculturalism

Abstract One of the characteristics in the early 21st century is the existence of different in intensities and content migration waves. This confronts the countries at a range of challenges. On one side, countries should protect the rights, freedoms and interests of its citizens, on the other - rights, freedoms and interests of persons, who form migratory pressure and are threatening the national security. In order to be guaranteed the rights, freedoms and interests, it is necessary first to be ensured a security, which means limiting the rights of persons, who represent a threat to the national security. The problems are further exacerbated by the enforced coexistence of different cultures with values different from those of the citizens in the respective countries, which are reflected in the current legal order. This, in turn, means a normative impossibility for the institutionalization of these values and the adoption of legislative consensual solutions, applicable as for the time of their stay in the respective countries, as well as in their eventual integration.

Layered social influence promotes multiculturality in the Axelrod model

Despite the presence of increasing pressure towards globalisation, the coexistence of different cultures is a distinctive feature of human societies. However, how multiculturality can emerge in a population of individuals inclined to imitation, and how it remains stable under cultural drift, i.e. the spontaneous mutation of traits in the population, still needs to be understood. To solve such a problem, we propose here a microscopic model of culture dissemination which takes into account that, in real social systems, the interactions are organised in various layers corresponding to different interests or topics. We show that the addition of multiplexity in the modeling of our society generates qualitatively novel dynamical behavior, producing a new stable regime of cultural diversity. This finding suggests that the layered organisation of social influence typical of modern societies is the key ingredient to explain why and how multiculturality emerges and thrives in our world.

Ethnic humour in a multicultural society

AbstractThe coexistence of different cultures in specific pluralistic settings not only has positive but also negative impacts. Besides exchanging cultural contents within a multicultural environment, societies use humour as a form of social interaction, which reinforces cultural interrelationships as well as ethnical differences. However, humour differs from culture to culture and from individual to individual. On the one hand, it develops social cohesion, fosters positive relations and increases the self-identification of the individual in relation to other ethnic groups, but on the other hand, it functions as an acceptable and tolerated form of aggression in a particular society. The bipolar character of humour stems from its status and functions. It serves both as a social unifier and a social separator. The most common paradigms of humour in social discourse are ethnic jokes or cartoons that are often built on fixed ethnic/racial stereotypes leading to social categorization but also to fast and correct decoding of semantic information by an audience. Ethnic jokes are social thermometers, recording and measuring the level of sensitivity towards specific cultural groups. The main aim of this paper is to introduce ethnic humour and its key functions in the context of ongoing cultural interactions and changes.