Cуперечлива спадщина тоталітаризму: контроверсійні наративи й інноваційні підходи (на прикладі експозиції пам’ятника Перемоги в Південному Тіролі)

Abstract

The article seeks to emphasize the most recent methods for reinterpreting and gaining a modern perspective on the challenging and contentious historical impact of the to- talitarian past. Th is will be illustrated through an examination of the Victory Monument in Bolzano/Bozen, located in the Autonomous Province of South Tyrol, Italy. Th roughout its his- tory, this monument has sparked intense discussions and served as a battleground for vari- ous cultural memory models. Th is study brings to the forefront intricate questions regarding cultural memory within a diverse society and its implications for museum exhibitions. Th is work relies on an examination of scholarly literature and incorporates fi eld research conducted by the author. Th e article delves into the diffi culties related to the function of museum exhibi- tions in reevaluating a contentious historical legacy in a diverse society, which is crucial for its sustainable democratic advancement. Th e reformatting of the monument with the help of an innovative exhibition, as well as the reconstruction of its underground space for the organiza- tion of the Documentation Center, made it possible to open it to the public. The concept of the innovative exhibition «BZ ‘18-’45. One Monument, One City, Two Dictatorships» was an artistic intervention that historically contextualized the monument that originally embodied totalitarian ideology and culture. It is determined that the creation of a new museum exhibi- tion in Bolzano/Bocen is an example of an innovative approach to reformatting the symbolic space and political discourse around the heavy totalitarian legacy. Based on the analysis of the new museum exhibition, it was found that the monument, which caused controversy, became a basis for understanding diff erent cultures of memory in a multi-ethnic region and establishing cultural communication between diff erent ethnolinguistic communities. Th e reconceptualizing of the monument’s narrative made it possible to create a space for the coexistence of diff erent cultures of memory inherited from the diffi cult past. Th e museum’s experience of historical and artistic rethinking of a complex cultural heritage through a critical approach to the interpreta- tion of the fascist totalitarian past for the sake of social understanding and reconciliation can contribute to the development of contemporary cultural initiatives in Ukraine.