Coefficient Of Use Research Articles

Extraction of Nickel Hydroxide from Galvanic Waste Production for the Manufacture of the Nickel-Cadmium (Iron) Battery

Process of extraction of nickel hydroxide from the nickel containing sludge of "Robert Bosch Saratov" Ltd have been studied. It was established that it can be used as an active component of cathode mass for manufacture of Ni(OH)2electrode of a nickel-cadmium (iron) battery. Conducted tests of the Ni(OH)2 based electrodes showed high electrochemical characteristics at work under conditions of production mode, good stability and duration of discharge: capacity 0,93–1.0 A・h, coefficient of use 83–86 % during 110 charge-discharge cycles. Technological scheme of Ni(OH)2 production is presented. The prevented ecological damage to soils resources of Saratov region is calculated. It is 95.000 rub/h. Evaluation of descending of hazard class of the galvanic sludge for environmental on ecological parameters of safety is conducted. By biotesting (on Chlorella vulgaris Beijer) and calculation methods it was shown that extraction of nickel allows to reduce of hazard class of the galvanic sludge from 2–3 to 4.

Hydrodynamic interaction of side-by-side floating bodies, Part II: Applications of modified linear potential flow and numerical analysis framework to fixed barges

Numerical investigations of hydrodynamic interactions between side-by-side barges, in terms of gap free-surface response and forcings, are carried out using the analysis framework developed in Part I. The barges are assumed to be rigidly fixed. Two sets of investigations are carried out, both covering a range of incident wave frequencies. The first set examines the influence of gap width on free-surface response between two rectangular barges with square bilge corners. Following the analysis framework, a selected set of viscous simulations are carried out and the resulting flow field data are used to quantify the viscous losses through skin friction and vortex shedding. These quantified losses are converted into dissipation coefficients for use in a modified linear potential flow code, to investigate a larger set of loadcases compared to the viscous simulations. Gap free-surface responses and forcings predicted using the code are compared with results from viscous simulations and discussed. Based on the results, an efficient solution strategy for modelling side-by-side hydrodynamic interactions is proposed. The second set of investigations studies the effect of bilge curvature on the hydrodynamic interactions between the two barges and demonstrates that the framework can also be used to study variations in hull geometric parameters.

Analysis of Performance of Short Tree Logging with Farm Tractor and Logging Trailer

Abstract The paper presents analysis of efficiency of the logging unit comprising Belarus 820 farm tractor and PD80 logging trailer equipped with Ryś-1 crane. Analysis was made based on the working day timing. The unit logged 1- meter long tree pieces (hornbeam, oak, birch) from the area where material for logging was distributed irregularly on the entire felling site. Unfavourable atmospheric conditions were reported during the working day (a thick layer of snow, low temperature, not frozen soil) which could have influenced the unit operation performance. Despite that the performance of the logging unit was comparable to similar logging units described in the literature. Determined coefficient of use of the operating time of the machine K02 was 0.93, coefficient of use of the shift working time K04 − 0.9, coefficient of use of the shift exploitation time K07 − 0.8. Hourly performance in the shift exploitation time was 4.98 m3·h−1, efficiency in the shift working time W02 − 4.80 m3·h−1 and performance in the general shift time W07 − 4.30 m3·h−1.

The Use of Sawn Timber for Barrel Production from Oak Wood (Quercus Petraea L.)

The number of firms involved in the production of barrels from white oak (quercus petraea L,) is small. The production of wood barrels is quite complex and with a low exploitation coefficient. We think it is in the interests of firms to know how much the coefficient of use of sawn material for these types of products is. For the study we have chosen the firm "Beha-N" in Rahovec, which mainly deals with the production of oak wood barrels. The sawn material taken in the study was of a good quality. To do the tests we used weighing methods, as its volume was difficult to measure since it was half milled. Tests were conducted for the production of barrel details with a volume of 50, 30 and 20 litters, which are most widely used by the costumers. For the realization used by the firm were taken into account the dimensions and technology. From the measurement data it turned out that the weight of the sawn timber was about 250kg. The results of these weights were exchanged in volume and percentage and they are shown in final results.

МЕТОДИКА ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ АВТОБРОНЕТАНКОВОЇ ТЕХНІКИ ПІДРОЗДІЛАМИ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ГВАРДІЇ УКРАЇНИ ДЛЯ ОХОРОНИ ГРОМАДСЬКОГО ПОРЯДКУ В МИРНИЙ ЧАС

The article substantiates the relevance of the determination of the efficiency of the use of auto-armored vehicles by units of the National Guard of Ukraine during the protection of public order in peacetime. For the successful solution of military and combat tasks, it is necessary to maximize the use of road transport capabilities and evaluate the effectiveness of military automotive equipment. In the next time, for such an account and evaluation of the work, the technical state of the automotive technology are apply special indicators of the work of motor transport, which are the numerical expression of the meters or their relation, are the coefficient of technical readiness; coefficient of use of the vehicle fleet; coefficient of use of working time; coefficient of running mileage; coefficient of use of load-carrying capacity; speed of movement; the average daily mileage and productivity of cars do not allow an overall assessment of the level of effectiveness of the use of military vehicles during patrolling. Therefore, there was a need to obtain a generalized coefficient of effectiveness of patrolling during the protection of public order in peacetime. Proposed as an indicator of the efficiency of the use of military automotive equipment, during the protection of public order in peacetime, use a comprehensive indicator it’s a generalized coefficient of effectiveness of patrolling, and determine the direction of increasing the efficiency of the use of auto-armored vehicles.

Silicon optical add-drop filters with tunable power coupling using MEMS comb drive actuators

We develop an optical ring resonator with tunable coupling coefficients for use in wavelength division multiplexing routers. The coupling coefficients of the resonator are precisely tuned by the utilization of an electrostatic comb drive microelectromechanical system (MEMS) actuator. The MEMS actuator has the ability to accurately adjust gap spacing between cavity and waveguide. Moreover, integration of MEMS actuator with optical ring resonators overcomes the optical lithography challenges for patterning the small gap between cavity and waveguide. Different finite-element (FE) method simulations have been carried out in order to study the mechanical and optical operating characteristics of the ring resonator. The movable microring resonator can be displaced 1.33 μm with less than 3 V actuation voltage in 850 μs to control the transferred optical power and bandwidth of the resonator. Optical simulations show extinction ratios as high as 17 dB for the device with 90-nm gap spacing and 21.5 dB for the device with 60-nm gap spacing, respectively. In addition, the bandwidth of the filter is adjustable from 0.3 to 0.65 nm.

The Tungsten Project: A complete set of isonuclear dielectronic recombination rate coefficients for use in magnetically confined fusion plasmas

SynopsisA requirement of collisional-radiative models of magnetic fusion plasmas is that a detailed set of atomic data for the constituent ions is included. For the upcoming fusion reactor ITER, this is a difficult requirement to fulfill as the divertor will be made of tungsten. For this metal, partial final-state resolved dielectronic recombination (DR) rate coefficients are required. For this purpose we created The Tungsten Project. We give a brief overview of the methods used, and present results for a revised steady-state ionization balance.

The Effect of Viscosity on the Maximisation of Electrical Power from a Wave Energy Converter under Predictive Control

In this paper, the non-linear effects of viscosity on the performance of a Wave Energy Converter (WEC) system are analysed. A standard linear Model Predictive Control (MPC) is used to show the negative effects that the unaccounted non-linear viscosity force in the hydrodynamic system has on the power absorption. A non-linear MPC (NLMPC) is then implemented, where the non-linear viscosity effects are included in the optimisation. A linear drag coefficient estimate of the non-linear viscosity is then included in the linear MPC; creating a Linear Viscous Model Predictive Control. When constraints are incorporated, it is shown that a single choice of the linear viscous drag coefficient for use within the linear MPC can provide comparable results to the non-linear MPC approach, over a wide range of sea states.

The Effect of Various Supplementary Irrigation Treatments on Plant and Soil Moisture Relationships in a Vineyard (Vitis Vinif era var. Chenin Blanc)

In a field plot trial with grape vines planted on a high potential soil, the soil moisture status on different irrigation treatment plots was compared with that of a dryland control. Soil moisture budgeting was based on physical soil properties and root distribution patterns before treatments commenced. A maximum concentration of roots occurred at the 300-450 mm depth zone, while approximately 90 per cent of the total number of roots was found above 900 mm. Tensiometric readings of soil moisture potential, supplemented by electrometric resistance readings from gypsum blocks, indicated complete depletion between veraison and harvesting of the total available moisture on dryland plots. Despite this severe moisture stress as illustrated by chrono-isopletes, a reasonably good grape yield was still produced by the dryland vines, indicating either exceptional drought resistance or the uptake of water from extraneous sources. Supplementary irrigations greatly improved soil moisture conditions during the important growth stages of (a) flowering and fruit set, (b) green berry stage and (c) veraison. Moisture depletion patterns changed markedly as the season progressed from November to January, and as naturally stored rain water became depleted. In contrast to the absorption pattern in November, the fastest rate of water loss occurred in the deepest root zones during January, because of unsaturated moisture flow into the dry partly decomposed parent material. The apparently unproductive subsoil might act as a large natural reservoir for superfluous winter rain, which in summer becomes available to the vines through unsaturated upward flow into the root zone. Determination of leaf water potential showed unexpectedly high values at night (minima of -283kPa) in plants growing in soil of which the major part was dried below wilting point. Vines were thus able to regain turgidity at night. Crop factors for use with the American Class A-pan for scheduling irrigations were calculated. Crop factors were low (November to February = 0,20-0,30), and again emphasised the ability of vines to use water frugally. Crop factors were strongly dependent upon soil moisture conditions. Empirical coefficients for use in the Blaney-Criddle formula are also presented.

A Combined Numerical–Experimental Approach to Quantify the Thermal Contraction of A356 During Solidification

A process for generating thermal contraction coefficients for use in the solidification modeling of aluminum castings is presented. Sequentially coupled thermal-stress modeling is used in conjunction with experimentation to empirically generate the thermal contraction coefficients for a strontium-modified A356 alloy. The impact of cooling curve analysis on the modeling procedure is studied. Model results are in good agreement with experimental findings, indicating a sound methodology for quantifying the thermal contraction. The technique can be applied to other commercially relevant aluminum alloys, increasing the utility of solidification modeling in the casting industry.

Molecular-Dynamics-Derived Gas–Surface Models for Use in Direct-Simulation Monte Carlo

In the present work, molecular dynamics is used to study molecular nitrogen impinging on multilayered graphene and fused-quartz surfaces at different incidence speeds and angles to obtain energy accommodation coefficients for use in direct-simulation Monte Carlo. The trajectory molecular dynamics simulations were performed on these two surfaces to study the difference between atomistically smooth and rough cases. Based on the postcollision behavior of the nitrogen molecule, the molecular dynamics trajectories were classified into three categories, namely, single, and multiple with and without escape. The collision statistics for the three categories were found to depend on the incidence angle and the speed, and a strong correlation among incidence speed, angle, and surface topology in the probability distribution of the energy accommodation coefficients was observed. A direct-velocity-sampling gas–surface interaction model was implemented in direct-simulation Monte Carlo, which was found to predict flow and surface properties comparable to the Maxwell gas–surface interaction model when the molecular dynamics data used for velocity sampling were obtained from a rough (diffuse) surface.

Economics of production and marketing of guava in western Maharashtra

The present investigation was undertaken in order to depict the economics of production of guava in Western Maharashtra. The study was conducted to examine resource use pattern, costs and returns in guava. The per hectare cost 'A', cost 'B' and cost 'C at the overall level, worked out to Rs. 48451.10, Rs.81324.33 and Rs.97168.82, respectively. The major items of cost were rental value of Rs.23332.45 (24.12%) and was followed by hired human labour Rs. 19681.84 (20.25%), family human labour Rs.15844.49 (16.30%), manures Rs. 8139.11 (8.38%) and amortized establishment cost Rs. 8105.02 (8.34%). However, the per hectare cost of cultivation in different size groups of holding was Rs. 101657.57, Rs. 99140.86 and Rs.90707.94 in small, medium and large groups, respectively.The present study was based on the primary data collected from 90 randomly selected guava growers from six villages Eight independent variables jointly explained the 70 per cent variation in output at the overall level. The production elasticity of human labour (X 1 ) was significant for small, large and overall level. The production elasticity of bullock labour (X 2 ) for small, medium and manure use per hectare (X 3 )was non-significant for all three size of group indicating excess use of manure. The factor expenses on nitrogen per hectare (X 4 ) were significant for small, large and overall group indicating positive impact on production of guava. The regression co-efficient of use of phosphorus per hectare (X 5 ) was nonsignificant for medium and large size group and significant at small and overall basis indicating positive impact on production of guava. The expense on plant protection (X 6 ) was found significant at overall level, while the factor expenses on irrigation (X 6 )was significant for all groups. The large size group was observed more efficient as compared to small and medium size groups since the B:C ratio was of the high order in large size group. The per hectare yield was highest (188.52 q) in large group followed by medium (181.27 q) and small (110.45 q). At the overall level, the per hectare yield was 160.08 quintals. The average per hectare gross return of guava was Rs.132567.29, Rs.140020.97 and Rs.147395.86 to small, medium and large groups, respectively. In the process of marketing channels viz., producer - pre-harvest contractor -wholesaler - retailer - consumer was observed to be the most popular. The channel wise per quintal cost of marketing was highest (Rs. 286.34) for channel-I followed by channel-II (Rs. 228.23) and channel-III (Rs.165.65). The channel wise price spread was worked out and the marketing margins worked out for channel- I, II, III. The price paid by consumer per quintal was highest (Rs.l199.26) in channel-I and lowest (Rs.557.71) in channel-III. The channel wise price spread was worked out and the marketing margins worked out for channel- I, II, III. The maximum net price received by producer in channel-I (Rs.514.66) and minimum in channel-III (Rs.398.26).

A Water-Lubricated Hybrid Thrust Bearing: Measurements and Predictions of Static Load Performance

Process fluid-lubricated thrust bearings (TBs) in a turbomachine control rotor placement due to axial loads arising from pressure fields on the front shroud and back surface of impellers. To date, prediction of aerodynamic-induced thrust loads is still largely empirical. Thus, needs persist to design and operate proven TBs and to validate predictions of performance derived from often too restrictive computational tools. This paper describes a test rig for measurement of the load performance of water-lubricated hydrostatic/hydrodynamic TBs operating under conditions typical of cryogenic turbo pumps (TPs). The test rig comprises of a rigid rotor composed of a thick shaft and two end collars. A pair of flexure-pivot hydrostatic journal bearings (38 mm in diameter) supports the rotor and quill shaft connected to a drive motor. The test rig hosts two TBs (eight pockets with inner diameter equal to 41 mm and outer diameter equal to 76 mm); one is a test bearing and the other is a slave bearing, both facing the outer side of the thrust collars on the rotor. The slave TB is affixed rigidly to a bearing support. A load system delivers an axial load to the test TB through a nonrotating shaft floating on two aerostatic radial bearings. The test TB displaces to impose a load on the rotor thrust collar, and the slave TB reacts to the applied axial load. The paper presents measurements of the TB operating axial clearance, flow rate, and pocket pressure for conditions of increasing static load (max. 3600 N) and shaft speed to 17.5 krpm (tip speed 69.8 m/s) and for an increasing water supply pressure into the TBs, max. 17.2 bar (250 psig). Predictions from a bulk flow model that accounts for both fluid inertia and turbulence flow effects agree well with recorded bearing flow rates (supply and exiting through the inner diameter), pocket pressure, and ensuing film clearance due to the imposed external load. The measurements and predictions show a film clearance decreasing exponentially as the applied load increases. The bearing flow rate also decreases, and at the highest rotor speed and lowest supply pressure, the bearing is starved of lubricant on its inner diameter side, as predicted. The measured bearing flow rate and pocket pressure aid to the empirical estimation of the orifice discharge coefficient for use in the predictive tool. The test data and validation of a predictive tool give confidence to the integration of fluid film TBs in cryogenic TPs as well as in other more conventional (commercial) machinery. The USAF Upper Stage Engine Technology (USET) program funded the work during the first decade of the 21st century.

Critical-point models to relate yield and disease intensity of the multiple pathosystem in rice leaf spots disease

ABSTRACT: The occurrence of leaf spots in irrigated rice can reduce the yield and compromise the quality of the grain. However it is unknown the economic damage threshold (EDT) that these spots cause the yield of crop. The objective of this study was to obtain damage functions for models of critical, to relate damage by simultaneous occurrence of blast, brown spot and scald spot with grain yield harvests in 2011/12 and 2012/2013, in Rio do Oeste, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Gradient of diseases intensity was generated by number of applications and fungicides rates. Design was a randomized block with four replications and six treatments consisting of mixing fungicide applications of triazole (difenoconazole) and strobilurin (azoxystrobin). In 2011/12 and 2012/13 growing season were made two and three tests respectively with the same experiment. Before each application it was determined the incidence and severity of fungal diseases. The critical point models were obtained by linear regression between grain yield and incidence (I) and severity (S). In 2011/12 the functions were not significant at the beginning of tillering and 2012/2013 harvest resulted in R=13.404-92.98I and R=10.685-3.804S. Respectively in each harvest resulted in tillering (R=9.141-103.6I; R=7.605-1.538 and R=8.864-73.91I; R=7.202-77S), panicle initiation (R=9.432-188.5I; R=7.,038-1.466S and R=10.176-87.33I; R=8.258-533.55S), booting (R=7.044-71.78I; R=6.881-1.296S and R=9.993-71.74I; R=8.846-763.83S), flowering (R=7.447-82.29I; R=8.731-1.398S and R=8.347-54.36I; R=7.338-681.52S) and milky grain (R=10.143-80.5I; R=7.522-1.402S and R=8.661-60.063I; R=9.754-1.465S). The generated functions allow getting the damage coefficient for use in the calculation of EDT in multiple pathossystem leaf spots in irrigated rice.

Testing actinide fission yield treatment in CINDER90 for use in MCNP6 burnup calculations

Most of the development of the MCNPX/6 burnup capability focused on features that were applied to the Boltzman transport or used to prepare coefficients for use in CINDER90, with little change to CINDER90 or the CINDER90 data. Though a scheme exists for best solving the coupled Boltzman and Bateman equations, the most significant approximation is that the employed nuclear data are correct and complete. The CINDER90 library file contains 60 different actinide fission yields encompassing 36 fissionable actinides (thermal, fast, high energy and spontaneous fission). Fission reaction data exists for more than 60 actinides and as a result, fission yield data must be approximated for actinides that do not possess fission yield information. Several types of approximations are used for estimating fission yields for actinides which do not possess explicit fission yield data. The objective of this study is to test whether or not certain approximations of fission yield selection have any impact on predictability of major actinides and fission products. Further we assess which other fission products, available in MCNP6 Tier 3, result in the largest difference in production. Because the CINDER90 library file is in ASCII format and therefore easily amendable, we assess reasons for choosing, as well as compare actinide and major fission product prediction for the H. B. Robinson benchmark for, three separate fission yield selection methods: (1) the current CINDER90 library file method (Base); (2) the element method (Element); and (3) the isobar method (Isobar). Results show that the three methods tested result in similar prediction of major actinides, Tc-99 and Cs-137; however, certain fission products resulted in significantly different production depending on the method of choice.

Large gas permeability nickel/alumina substrates with hierarchical pore structure for solid oxide fuel cells derived from particle-stabilized emulsions

A new design of high-porosity substrates with large gas permeability for segmented-in-series solid oxide fuel cells (SIS–SOFCs) is presented in this paper. The use of particle-stabilized emulsions provides high mechanical strength struts and hierarchical pore structures in the substrates. Ni–Al2O3 composites with Ni content of 0–30 vol. % are prepared, and their microstructures, flexural strengths, permeability, bending behavior and thermal expansions are investigated. The results show that porous and crack-free substrates are successfully obtained after sintering at 1450 °C for 5 h. Porosities of the substrates range from 75 to 85 % for an initial oil/water volume ratio in the suspension of 1:1. The flexural strength of the samples investigated are ranging from 7.5 to 9.8 MPa. The resulting porous substrates (30 vol% Ni) exhibit a suitable thermal expansion coefficient for use with a Ni-8YSZ anode and good bending behavior during sintering. Most importantly, these substrates have a very large gas permeability of 1.51 × 10−3 [m2].

Optimization of Rolling Modes on the Mill 1700 of JSC "ArselorMittal Temirtau" with Aim to Increase Quality of Sheet Rolled Products

Used the influence of technological factors of the rolling process on the intensity of the rolling out of the defect to determine the value of deformation and the coefficient of use of the plasticity resource. Introduced the notion of residual coefficient of plasticity resource in the second stage of transformation of the defect. Found that the causes of deterioration of the quality of cold-rolled sheet can be numerous defects of mechanical origin, caused by mechanical damage of the sheet surface. Conducted an analysis of profiles rolling modes, rolled on the mill 1700. With the use of existing methods calculated DUPR on workshop modes of rolling of specified profiles with and without considering the surface defects. Carried an optimization of the modes of strip rolling with surface defects.

RESEARCH OF ENGINEERING TRAFFIC IN COMPUTER UZ NETWORK USING MPLS TE TECHNOLOGY

Purpose. In railway transport of Ukraine one requires the use of computer networks of different technologies: Ethernet, Token Bus, Token Ring, FDDI and others. In combined computer networks on the railway transport it is necessary to use packet switching technology in multiprotocol networks MPLS (MultiProtocol Label Switching) more effectively. They are based on the use of tags. Packet network must transmit different types of traffic with a given quality of service. The purpose of the research is development a methodology for determining the sequence of destination flows for the considered fragment of computer network of UZ. Methodology. When optimizing traffic management in MPLS networks has the important role of technology traffic engineering (Traffic Engineering, TE). The main mechanism of TE in MPLS is the use of unidirectional tunnels (MPLS TE tunnel) to specify the path of the specified traffic. The mathematical model of the problem of traffic engineering in computer network of UZ technology MPLS TE was made. Computer UZ network is represented with the directed graph, their vertices are routers of computer network, and each arc simulates communication between nodes. As an optimization criterion serves the minimum value of the maximum utilization of the TE-tunnel. Findings. The six options destination flows were determined; rational sequence of flows was found, at which the maximum utilization of TE-tunnels considered a simplified fragment of a computer UZ network does not exceed 0.5. Originality. The method of solving the problem of traffic engineering in Multiprotocol network UZ technology MPLS TE was proposed; for different classes its own way is laid, depending on the bandwidth and channel loading. Practical value. Ability to determine the values of the maximum coefficient of use of TE-tunnels in computer UZ networks based on developed software model «TraffEng». The input parameters of the model: number of routers, channel capacity, the number of streams, the average flow velocity. As a result of the model «TraffEng» choices variants of TE-tunnels with the corresponding values of the maximum coefficient of their use are presented.

Characteristics of psycholeptic and psychoanaleptic medicine use in general population in Subotica for the period 2009/2012

Introduction: Mood disorders are of great medical, social and economic importance. These diseases are considered one of the greatest public health problems, because they affect significantly the quality of life of the patients and their everyday functioning. According to research, the risk factors of these diseases include demographic factors. Regional disparities in the rate of morbidity and mortality have been observed in Serbia. Objective: The aim of this study is the analyze of financial and quantitative parameters of use of psycholeptics and psyhoanaleptics during the period 2009-2012 prescribed and recollected at a pharmacy in Subotica in comparison to the consumption of these drugs in the Republic of Serbia. Methods: The survey was conducted in the City of Subotica, and included data on issued prescription drugs at the pharmacy Subotica, during the period 2009-2012. The methodology that was used was ATC / DDD. Results: The trend of using psycholeptics for the reference period, expressed in DDD / 1000 inhabitants / day was negative in the Republic and in Subotica. According to the Pharmacy Subotica, the trend that was observed showed that the group consumption of drugs was uneven, which was the highest value recorded in 2009 (95.75), then it suddenly dropped (2012 / 48.32). Oscillations were present at the level of Serbia, with the proviso that after the fall of 2009 (119.77) in 2010 (77.26), the values in the coming years were to grow, and the maximum was recorded in 2012 (104.51). The correlation coefficient was 0.4947. The structure was dominated by the use of anxiolytics. Psyhoanaleptics consumption in Serbia was the highest in 2012, when it was recorded that the value for DDD / 1000 inhabitants / day was 31.42, and 12.27 in Subotica. The correlation coefficient of use of psyhoanaleptics in Serbia and Subotica was 0.884. The structure of the use of psyhoanaleptics, antidepressants in Serbia as well as in Subotica represents a subgroup with the highest share in the intensity of use. Conclusion: The use of psycholeptics and psyhoanaleptics in Subotica and Serbia was not most directly correlated. It can be assumed that the difference was caused by the differences in the demographics, health treatments and prescribing habits, inheritance and other factors.

The creation, destruction, and transfer of multipole moments in electron- and proton-impact ionization of atoms and ions

Expanding on previous works that involved elastic and inelastic scattering of electrons by atoms and ions, we use the wave-packet propagation scheme of Dollard to define multipole moment creation, destruction and transfer cross sections for electron- and proton-impact ionization of atoms and ions. The electron-impact cross sections can then be used by defining appropriate rate coefficients for use in Fujimoto’s population-alignment collisional-radiative model for cylindrically symmetric plasmas. Our result for the alignment creation cross section is in agreement with those formulae that were obtained earlier intuitively or by semi-classical collisional methods. The multipole cross sections obtained here can be used also for modelling the relaxation behaviour of laser-excited plasmas under cylindrical symmetry conditions. We have also derived the electron- and proton-impact ionization multipole cross sections in terms of Liouville-space quantities, which then enabled us by using group theoretical methods to obtain the azimuthal-angle dependence of the multipole cross sections and symmetry properties that are results of reflection across a plane over the collisional axis.