Coefficient Of Use Research Articles

Angular scattering measurements and modelling from building surfaces at sub‐THz frequencies between 92‐110 GHz

AbstractThis letter presents experimental angularly resolved measurements and a model framework for characterizing continuous wideband reflection coefficients at sub‐terahertz frequencies between 92 and 110 GHz. Surfaces that appear “smooth” but with internal features comparable to the wavelength have shown to cause frequency selective scattering. An nth‐degree polynomial regression model is employed to quantify non‐linear multi‐path scattering that cannot be described by a best‐fit line, with least‐squares regression applied to find the best‐fitting polynomial and hence the coefficients. The obtained coefficients are then validated against the delay domain statistics of the propagation channel, demonstrating the proposed model's good agreement with measurements and its efficiency in reproducing angle‐dependent reflection coefficients for use in ray‐tracing tools.

Складові фахової кваліфікації вчителів фізичного виховання Китаю

The process of forming a specialist of a qualitatively new level is significantly restrained by the existing gap between the achievements of science and education, therefore the coefficient of useful use of scientific discoveries and new technologies is sharply reduced, fundamental knowledge is displaced from the content of educational processes by applied knowledge. An important type of professional activity is pedagogical, the specialty of which is a special psychological and pedagogical influence on students, taking into account their age and individual characteristics, on interests, inclinations, expectations, enthusiasm; the specificity of such activity consists in the pedagogical management of the process of personality formation and development. The purpose of the study is to determine the components of the professional qualification of physical education teachers in China. Research methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of data from literary sources, sociological research methods (school health profiles lead physical education teacher questionnaire), mathematical statistics methods. Results. 50 Chinese physical education teachers (27 women and 23 men) took part in the study. The experiment was conducted at the Beijing School of Foreign Languages on the basis of the University of Foreign Languages (Beijing), Haidian Experimental School (Beijing), Tsinghua University High School (Beijing), Qingdao Yucai High School (Shandong-Qingdao Province). It was established that for professional growth and professional development, 50% of teachers note the need to expand the knowledge base on interventions involving children in activities with moderate and high-intensity organized motor activity; technologies aimed at the development of individual motor activity programs are of interest to 36% of the surveyed teachers; 26% of physical education teachers want to deepen their knowledge with the latest technologies for the formation of applied motor skills and skills in various sports activities. Conclusions. Therefore, the professional competence of the teacher is manifested in the set of professional knowledge, abilities and skills that reflect theoretical, practical and methodical preparation, the ability to their creative implementation in various social situations of practical professional activity in the field of physical education.

Spatio‐Temporal Trends of the Relationships Between Surface PM2.5 and Its Chemical Constituents Across Three COALESCE Network Locations in India: A Mass Closure Investigation

AbstractCOALESCE, a collaborative network studying the impacts of carbonaceous aerosols, measured PM2.5 mass and its constituents at several regionally representative sites in India. This study reconciles the reconstructed mass (RCM) from PM2.5 chemical constituents with gravimetric PM2.5 mass measured during 2019 at three COALESCE sites (Bhopal, Mesra, and Mysuru). To evaluate the extent of mass closure, the spatiotemporal variability of organic matter/organic carbon (OM/OC), filter sampling artifacts of OC, nitrate, and aerosol liquid water (ALW) were assessed. The annual loss of total particulate OC from Teflon filters varied across Bhopal (0.46–1.35 μg m−3), Mesra (0.30–0.92 μg m−3), and Mysuru (0.16–0.68 μg m−3). Likewise, the range of nitrate volatilization was 0.7–2.7 μg m−3 at Bhopal, 0.5–2 μg m−3 at Mesra, and 1.3–2.2 μg m−3 at Mysuru. Also, the range of ALW mass was 2.6–6.8 μg m−3 at Bhopal, 3.2–9.5 μg m−3 at Mesra, and 0.8–3.8 μg m−3 at Mysuru. Seasonality was observed in the value of OM/OC with an increase during the pre‐monsoon season at all sites viz., Bhopal (2.20), Mesra (1.61), and Mysuru (2.02) compared to their annual averages, suggesting enhanced contribution of secondary organics to OC. The method developed for estimating RCM in this study resulted in better mass closure compared to using conventional RCM algorithms. Overall, this study provides a robust data validation strategy and India‐specific species coefficients for use in the RCM algorithm. The outcomes of this study can guide regional aerosol sampling, chemical analyses, and model–measurement reconciliation efforts.

Measuring body composition in dogs using bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy

Assessment of body composition is an essential aspect of veterinary canine care, particularly as prevalence of overweight and obesity in dogs is increasing. Few quantitative objective methods for body composition measurement are available for routine clinical use. Bioelectrical impedance analysis is widely used in human medicine and nutritional assessment and although it has shown promise in production animals it has not yet been adopted for companion animals. The present study validated bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) against the reference method of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.Resistivity coefficients for use in BIS were determined: ρe = 444.8 and ρi = 1477.8 ohm.cm and used to predict fat-free mass (FFM) in a cohort of 35 mixed breed dogs. Overall, FFM was predicted to within 3.5% of reference values. At an individual level, FFM was predicted within 2 standard deviations (95% confidence) of 10%. BIS provides an objective quantitative alternative to the widely used semi-quantitative body condition scoring. In addition, BIS provides estimates of body water volumes (total, extra-and intracellular), information that can be useful in fluid management. BIS is inexpensive, and simple to perform but does require brief (<5 min) sedation of the animal.

РАСЧЁТ ГОДОВЫХ ЗАТРАТ НА ПРОВЕДЕНИЕ ЛАБОРАТОРНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ СЫВОРОТКИ КРОВИ КРУПНОГО РОГАТОГО СКОТА НА ЛЕЙКОЗ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ САРАТОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ)

A number of regions of the Russian Federation, including the Saratov region, are disadvantaged by bovine leukemia (cattle). The number of cattle is 432.4 thousand heads, and the number of virus carriers is 476 heads: 432,400 – 476 = 431,924 heads, clinically healthy. To calculate the coefficient of studies for leukemia-free farms, digital values were entered into the formula: K= (44 (1) + 6 (1) +19 (1) +31(1) +3 5(1))/100 = 1,350. With the coefficient of research of cattle for leukemia in REED in prosperous farms of the region in 2023 it amounted to 1,350 with an average annual number of cattle in the prosperous farms of the region – 431,924 thousand heads, and therefore 583,097.4 studies are necessary (431 924 ∙ 1,350 = 583 097,4). When calculating the number of studies in disadvantaged farms, it is necessary to apply a coefficient of 4.080, since the average annual number of cattle in disadvantaged farms in the region is 476 heads, therefore: 476 ∙ 4.080 = 1,942.08 thousand studies. To determine the need for the number of diagnostic tools intended for laboratory research, the formula is used: V= K/(B∙C) ∙ (1 + c), where: V is the volume of the drug for veterinary use, expressed in kits; K is the planned number of studies per year; B is the number of studies in the drug kit for veterinary use; C – the coefficient of use of the kit – 0.85; c – the coefficient of rearrangement of the studied samples with an indistinctly expressed (doubtful and / or positive) reaction – 0.1. a) The planned survey of livestock by the REED method is 585,036.48 studies, while the number of studies in safe areas is 583,097.4 and the number of studies in disadvantaged areas is 1,942.08. V=K/(B∙C) ∙ (1 + c) = (585 036,48)/(1000∙0,85) ∙ (1 + 0.1) = 757.13 sets; b) Routine screening of livestock for leukemia by ELISA method is 300 studies, one set is designed to conduct 176 studies; V=K/(B∙C) ∙ (1 + c) = 300/(176∙0,85) ∙ (1 + 0,1) = 3 The set; c) Routine examination of cattle for leukemia by ELISA with a control negative antigen is 100 studies. One set is designed for 88 studies, respectively, for the study of 100 samples it is necessary: V=K/(B∙C) ∙ (1 + c) = 100/(88∙0,85) ∙ (1 + 0,1) = 2 set.

Constrained modulus of fine-grained soils from in situ-based correlations and comparison with laboratory tests

The Constrained Modulus of soil is an important parameter to quantify compressibility of soils and calculate consolidation settlements, especially for clays. It is often expressed in terms of 1D constrained modulus, M or its inverse coefficient of volume change, mv. One method that has been suggested to assess M is from Cone Penetration Testing (CPTU) measurements through various correlations. Although, this is sometimes difficult, because of uncertainties regarding the appropriate stress, σ’v0, which are highly affected by the groundwater and bulk density γ, of soils. The usual method to measure M (or mv) is from oedometer tests in laboratory. Correlating in situ tests with laboratory tests results is crucial to increase the quality of soils strengths and stiffness information for design. However, most of the times it is a challenging process, which involves many uncertainties from different soils’ tests. This paper will look at comparison of CPTU derived M to oedometer tests taking into consideration various types of soils mostly from well-documented testbed sites where high quality in situ (CPTU for all sites and SDMT where available) and oedometer tests are carried out. The importance of CPTU measurements and site-specific correlations with laboratory tests to establish unique soil type coefficients for use in equations to derive CPTU-based M will be highlighted.

Raises advance using emulsion explosives

Using the well-known laws of the theory of elasticity and the basic principles of the quasi-static wave hypothesis of the mechanism of destruction of a solid medium by an explosion, methods have been developed for calculating the parameters of drilling and blasting (D&amp;B) for raises advance using the methods of blast-hole and borehole charges. It has been established that the calculating D&amp;B parameters is carried out in the same sequence as when drifting operation. To check the calculating D&amp;B parameters using the new method during raise advance, a numerical simulation of changes in the stress-strain state of a rock mass under the influence of an explosion was carried out. According to the results of numerical simulation, the formation of zones of inelastic deformation in the face of a rising mine working under blast load, uniform grinding of the rock was obtained, which will avoid the release of oversized pieces after the explosion. The developed methodology was tested in the conditions of the “Yuvileina” mine of PJSC “Sukha Balka” during the raise advance of a 1420 m level using a sticked emulsion explosive (EE) Anemix P. Test explosions obtained good results in blasting the face of a raise, uniform crushing of the rock and a high coefficient of use of bore-holes has been established.

Thermal effects of pretreatment of dark fermentation feedstocks in a vortex layer apparatus

Anaerobic digestion is an efficient way to process organic waste to produce biogas. At the same time, one of the stages of anaerobic digestion so called dark fermentation (DF), which makes it possible to obtain biohydrogen. To increase the bioavailability and efficiency of mass transfer between feedstock particles and hydrolytics and, as a result, increase the DF efficiency, it is advisable to pretreat organic waste by various methods. One of the most promising and energy efficient methods of preparing the feedstock for anaerobic fermentation, including DF, is its processing in the vortex layer apparatus (VLA). However, not all aspects of VLA application in anaerobic digestion feedstock pretreatment systems have been fully considered: in order to introduce the VLA into the organic waste DF system, it is necessary to determine, among other things, the energy characteristics of VLA under various modes of its operation, and the data obtained must be used in the development of the energy balance of the anaerobic processing system. Thus, the purpose of this work is to experimentally determine the thermal effects of pretreatment of DF feedstocks in VLA under various modes of its operation using the response surface methodology. To achieve this goal, an experimental setup was developed and created, which made it possible to conduct an experiment based on the central composite design (CCD) using Design-Expert software. The resulting models and their response surfaces have a determination coefficient of more than 0.99, which indicates their adequacy. The coefficient of conversion of electricity into heat on the VLA coil is on mean at the level of 0.54 ± 0.11, and the coefficient of useful use of heat VLA for heating the feedstock is 0.42 ± 0.06, which indicates a high potential for using waste heat. Thus, the obtained models of thermal effects of pretreatment of DF feedstocks in the VLA can be used to determine both the heat directly introduced into the feedstock during pretreatment and the heat removed by the heat exchanger to maintain the VLA operating mode. In this case, the heat removed by the heat exchanger can be used as a source of low-grade heat.

Modeling of dislocation properties in Fe40Cr25Ni35 and Fe50Cr20Ni30 systems

Steels are used extensively in many industries due to their excellent balance of mechanical strength, manufacturability, costs, and acceptable corrosion resistance. Steels are being considered for structural components that are exposed to particularly challenging environments in advanced nuclear reactors. In this context, force-field molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed on austenitic steel surrogates with Fe40Cr25Ni35 and Fe50Cr20Ni30 compositions to compute the lattice parameter, elastic constants, bulk modulus, Poisson ratio, the dislocation velocity as a function of shear stress, and the phonon drag coefficient for use in discrete dislocation dynamics (DDD) simulations. The accurate computation of these parameters is essential to obtain correct results by the evolution of the dislocation network of the materials using DDD simulations. The dislocation velocity was extracted from the MD calculations for both steel compositions at 30 different values of stress. Because no significant migration of dislocations was observed at stresses below 200 MPa, the dislocation velocity and mobility were calculated at stresses of 200 MPa and higher. Subsequently, the dislocation density and strain–stress relationship were then computed using the DDD approach. The elastic and plastic deformations in the Fe40Cr25Ni35 system were found to be considerably larger than those of the Fe50Cr20Ni30 system. Our study illustrates the ability of atomistic and dislocation dynamics simulations to elucidate qualitative descriptions of the elasticity and plasticity in steel materials, and thus can assist experimental efforts to evaluate the impact of deformation in austenitic steels.

EVOLUTION OF AUTONOMOUS MOBILE FIRE EXTINGUISHING EQUIPMENT

It is shown that the evolution of autonomous mobile fire-extinguishing means includes four stages, in which these fire-extinguishing means are divided into portable, wearable, mobile and mobile. All these fire extinguishing means are united by the presence of a human operator. Portable fire extinguishing equipment is characterized by a small weight, which does not exceed 20 kilograms. Portable fire extinguishing equipment has a greater mass (up to 30 kilograms) and, as a result, a longer duration of extinguishing agent supply (up to 75 seconds). Such tools have improved ergonomic characteristics, and the possibility of using gel-forming substances as fire-extinguishing substances gives them new properties. It is noted that such fire-extinguishing substances provide record values of the coefficient of use. Mobile fire extinguishing equipment provides a longer duration of extinguishing agent supply and relieves the operator. All these fire extinguishing means are united by the fact that their operational capabilities are limited by the low speed of their movement, the value of which does not exceed 1.2 meters per second. The fourth stage of the evolution of autonomous mobile firefighting equipment is characterized by the placement of firefighting equipment on a mobile base. A segway can act as such a base, as a result of which the operational capabilities of the fire extinguishing agent are significantly expanded. It is noted that the speed of movement of such fire extinguishing means can reach 50 kilometers per hour with a radius of action of up to 50 kilometers. The mass of the fire-extinguishing substance in such fire-extinguishing means can reach (40-50) kilograms, and the duration of its supply is up to 40 seconds. It is shown that in mobile fire-extinguishing equipment, the task of matching the characteristics of the operator with the technical characteristics of the fire-extinguishing equipment is relevant. This is especially important for mobile fire extinguishing equipment. Examples of determining the parameters of the human operator and their use in mobile fire extinguishing equipment are given. Key words: fire-extinguishing means, fire-extinguishing substance, mobile means, human operator.

Evaluation of the influence of the row of tillage implements on their work indicators

The purpose of the presented study is a quantitative assessment of the influence of the rows of tillage implements, using the example of steam cultivators, on their technological, operational and economic characteristics. An analysis of the data from the test reports of these implements showed that the most common three-row cultivators provided slightly worse performance than two- and four-row ones. At the same time, it was found that there is a direct relationship between the row and working width of cultivators. Two-row and four-row cultivators provided approximately equal quality of work in terms of such indicators as deviation from the specified cultivation depth (1.1-1.2 cm); degree of crumbling (91.7-92.2 %) and ridges (2.3 cm) of the field surface. The shift time utilization coefficient for two- and three-row implements (0.73-0.74) is noticeably lower than that for four-row implements (0.82), which can be indirectly explained by the fact that such implements are indeed less clogged with vegetation. remains and soil in comparison with analogues, however, it is not clear why such an effect is not observed when comparing two- and three-row tools. The specific fuel consumption of MTA with cultivators of different rows is approximately the same - 4.0 ... 4.1 kg / ha, i.e. from the energy point of view, the advantages of the multi-row tool layout are not obvious, which does not fully correspond to the earlier hypothesis about the lower clogging of multi-row tools. The material consumption of two-row guns (and hypothetically, the cost) is almost 1.1 times less than that of three-row ones, and almost 1.3 times less than four-row ones. At the same time, the increase in material consumption significantly exceeds the increase in the increase in the coefficient of use of the shift time. In general, the study conducted (on the example of steam cultivators) did not allow us to identify obvious advantages in terms of agrotechnical and energy indicators of the tendency to increase the rows of tillage implements, with the obvious disadvantage of this approach from a technical and economic point of view.

Экономика сельскохозяйственного транспорта

Abstract. The purpose of the study is assess the performance of a variety of different types of vehicles used in agricultural production. Methods. An interpretation of the technical and economic indicators characterizing agricultural transport is proposed, the features of determining the productivity of a tractor transport unit, the cost of one transported ton are considered. Probability theory was used to determine the indicators “Load waiting time”, “Vehicle loading time”. The conditions of operation of vehicles as part of harvesting and transport complexes are considered. Results. Based on the field research, when harvesting corn for silage, the economic efficiency of the use of vehicles was determined. A comparative analysis was carried out using cars and tractor transport units. As a result of the research, it was revealed that for energy-saturated tractors, with tractor trailers corresponding to them in traction properties, the productivity is higher than for MTZ-82 tractors with trailers PST-9 and 2PTS-6 by 2.1–2.3 times than for KamAZ-5511 vehicles by 1.9 times. At the same time, unit costs are lower by 10–-13 % and 5.7 %, respectively. It is recommended that agricultural organizations harvesting fodder crops ensure the optimal ratio of forage harvesters and vehicles; if possible, when transporting green mass, use energy-saturated tractors with appropriate tractor trailers and heavy trucks with trailers. The scientific novelty consists in clarifying and supplementing such technical and economic indicators that characterize the operation of vehicles in agriculture, such as Coefficient of use of working time, Coefficient of use of load capacity, etc. Mathematical dependencies are proposed to calculate these indicators and assess their impact on transport economics.

Экономика сельскохозяйственного транспорта

Abstract. The purpose of the study is assess the performance of a variety of different types of vehicles used in agricultural production. Methods. An interpretation of the technical and economic indicators characterizing agricultural transport is proposed, the features of determining the productivity of a tractor transport unit, the cost of one transported ton are considered. Probability theory was used to determine the indicators “Load waiting time”, “Vehicle loading time”. The conditions of operation of vehicles as part of harvesting and transport complexes are considered. Results. Based on the field research, when harvesting corn for silage, the economic efficiency of the use of vehicles was determined. A comparative analysis was carried out using cars and tractor transport units. As a result of the research, it was revealed that for energy-saturated tractors, with tractor trailers corresponding to them in traction properties, the productivity is higher than for MTZ-82 tractors with trailers PST-9 and 2PTS-6 by 2.1–2.3 times than for KamAZ-5511 vehicles by 1.9 times. At the same time, unit costs are lower by 10–-13 % and 5.7 %, respectively. It is recommended that agricultural organizations harvesting fodder crops ensure the optimal ratio of forage harvesters and vehicles; if possible, when transporting green mass, use energy-saturated tractors with appropriate tractor trailers and heavy trucks with trailers. The scientific novelty consists in clarifying and supplementing such technical and economic indicators that characterize the operation of vehicles in agriculture, such as Coefficient of use of working time, Coefficient of use of load capacity, etc. Mathematical dependencies are proposed to calculate these indicators and assess their impact on transport economics.

A calculation of basic thermophysical, gasodynamic and electropower parameters of electric explosion is in the gas environment of metallic explorer

Goal. Receipt and analysis of close analytical correlations for the engineering calculation of maximal temperature of Tm and pressures of Pm in a plasma channel, time of tex explosion of explorer, active resistance of Rc and specific conductivity of γp of plasma channel, to entered in explorer Wi and selected in the channel of Wc of thermal energy and high speed of vmw distribution of shock acoustic wave in the plasma products of electric explosion (EE) in gas of explorer under the action of large impulsive current (LIC). Methodology. Basis of thermophysics, thermodynamics, theoretical and applied electrical engineering, electrophysics bases of technique of high-voltage and large impulsive currents, basis of heavy-current electronics, theory of explosion and plasma, measuring technique and electromagnetic compatibility. Results . Close formulas are got for the analytical calculation of temperature of Tm and pressures of Pm in a plasma channel, time of tex explosion of explorer, active resistance of Rc and specific conductivity of γp of plasma channel, to entered in explorer Wi and selected in the channel of Wc of thermal energy and speed of vmw of shock acoustic wave in «metallic plasma» at EE in gas of explorer, testing action LIC in the discharge chain of high-voltage generator of impulsive currents (GIC) with the stocked energy of W0. It is rotined that at EE in atmospheric air of copper explorer long 110 mm and by a radius 0,1 mm in the bit chain of GIC of the microsecond temporal range (Imc≈−190 кА; tmc≈42 μs; ωc≈26,18·103 s-1; W0≈121,4 кJ) levels of temperature of Tm, to time of tex explosion, pressures of Pm and speeds of vmw in the area of his explosion can arrive at numeral values: Tm≈121,6·103 K, tex≈3,32 μs; Pm≈14,19·109 Pa and vmw≈4693 m/s. The ways of receipt are formulated in the bit chain of GIC of «record» (most) values of temperature of Tm, pressures of Pm and speeds of vmw. It is set that at EE in atmospheric air of the indicated short thin copper explorer the coefficient of the useful use of ηc of electric energy of W0 of condenser battery of GIC arrives at the numeral value of ηc≈(Wi+Wc)/W0≈0,326 (32,6 %). Arising up in the plasma channel of discharge, initiated EE in gas of explorer, temperature of Tm and pressure of Pm, time of tex explosion of explorer, specific conductivity of γp of channel, thermal energy of Wc and speed of vmw of shock acoustic wave selected in a channel in «metallic plasma» can be certain experimental a way on results decoding of oscillograms of discharge current of ic(t) and high-voltage of uc(t) on an explorer in the chain of GIC. A formula is resulted for the close calculation of critical integral of current of Jk at EE in gas of explorers from different metals. Executed on powerful GIC heavy-current experiments were confirmed by substantive provisions offered approach near the analytical calculation of basic parameters of electro-explosive process for the probed explorer. Originality. Offered and the engineering going is scientifically grounded near the analytical calculation of the indicated thermophysical, gasodynamic and electroenergy parameters of Tm, Pm, tex, Rc, γp, Wi, Wc and vmw at EE in gas of metallic explorer, plugged in the discharge chain of GIC. Practical value. Application in electrophysics practice of the offered engineering going near a calculation in the chain of GIC of basic parameters of electro-explosive process will allow to facilitate labour of workers of scientific laboratories and promote efficiency of work of technicians-and-engineers during practical realization by them different electro-explosive technologies.

Justification of compactor parameters for cleaning and transportation of raw cotton

The article substantiates the method of compaction and the parameters of the compactor of raw cotton in an elastic container, which make it possible to increase the productivity of cotton pickers due to the large capacity of the container and the increase in the coefficient of use of shift time. A layered compaction method has been studied, which makes it possible to compact the cotton mass with its continuous flow from the bottom to the neck of the container. Theoretically, the pressure in various layers of the cotton mass, the distance between the inner ends of the sealing elements, the magnitude of the stroke and the speed of movement of the sealer, and the volume of the container are determined, the coefficients taking into account the elongation of the height of the container and the layering of the seal are found. All parameters are substantiated by the condition of ensuring high productivity and reliability of the cotton pickers.

Investigation of The Technological Process of Work and Justification of the Parameters of Raw Cotton

The article substantiates the method of compaction and the parameters of the compactor of raw cotton in an elastic container, which make it possible to increase the productivity of cotton pickers due to the large capacity of the container and the increase in the coefficient of use of shift time. A layered compaction method has been studied, which makes it possible to compact the cotton mass with its continuous flow from the bottom to the neck of the container. Theoretically, the pressure in various layers of the cotton mass, the distance between the inner ends of the sealing elements, the magnitude of the stroke and the speed of movement of the sealer, the volume of the container are determined, the coefficients are found that take into account the elongation of the height of the container and the layering of the seal. All parameters are substantiated from the condition of ensuring high productivity and reliability of the cotton pickers.

Экологические особенности Pinus sylvestris L. и видов рода Populus L. в озеленении Благовещенска (Амурская область)

This study evaluates the efficiency of phosphorus absorption from soil and fertilizers by modern varieties of oats of Tyumen selection. The studies were carried out in field and laboratory conditions. The scheme of the experiment provided for options with the introduction of increasing doses of mineral fertilizers, calculated for the planned yield from 3.0 to 6.0 t / ha. The following doses of fertilizers were applied in the experiment: N60P20; N90P40; N150P60; N200P80 kg/ha of active substance. The option without mineral fertilizers was taken as a control. Varieties of oats were sown: Talisman; Otrada; Foma. During three-year experiments, it was found that the phosphorus content in the grain of the studied varieties of oats is 0.86–1.11%; in straw - 0.26-0.27%. The application of mineral fertilizers increases the phosphorus content in the grain to 0.97-1.15%. The phosphorus content in straw increases only with the addition of N150P60 and N200P80 kg /ha – 0.47-0.53%. In the absence of fertilizers, the economic removal of phosphorus is for the variety: Talisman – 20 kg / ha; Otrada and Foma – 28 kg/ ha. With an increase in the level of mineral nutrition of household takeaways increases to 95 kg / ha. Varietal features are manifested only when fertilizers are applied at doses of N90P40 and N150P60 kg/ha. For the formation of 1 ton of grain in the absence of fertilizers, 12-14 kg of phosphorus is required. The application of fertilizers for the planned yield of up to 4.0 t / ha of grain does not affect the specific removal of phosphorus. Further increase in the level of mineral nutrition (N150P60 and N200P80) increases the specific removal to 17-19 kg / t of grain. This indicator mainly depends on the level of mineral nutrition and to a lesser extent on the varietal characteristics of oats. The use of the element balance method for the planned yield of oats ensures maximum absorption of nutrients from fertilizers - the balance coefficient of phosphorus use from fertilizers is more than 100%, while the bulk of the crop is formed due to the active consumption of soil phosphates. Scientific novelty. It was found that the Foma oat variety most effectively absorbs phosphorus from fertilizers and soil, relative to the standard Talisman variety. Keywords: AGROCHEMISTRY OF OATS; ECONOMIC REMOVAL, COEFFICIENTS OF USE FROM FERTILIZER, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GRAIN, VARIETAL AGROTECHNICS, MODERN BREEDING, PLANNED YIELD, SPECIFIC PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL, LEVEL OF MINERAL NUTRITION, FERTILIZERS

PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTIVITY OF MEADOW CLOVER CROPS COVERLESS AND UNDERCOVER CROPS, DEPENDING ON THE NORMS OF THEIR SOWING

The productivity of under-cover and no-cover sowings of meadow clover under different sowing rates of cover and under-sowing crops in the forest-steppe remains insufficiently studied, the choice of sowing method is determined by biological, soil-climatic conditions, economic and economic possibilities of the farm. The article presents the results of studies on the influence of the method of creating a grass stand and different sowing rates of cover crops and under seeding on the formation of photosynthetic productivity of meadow clover crops in the conditions of the right-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine. Research has established that the method of creating a grass stand and the rate of sowing of cover crops and seed crops significantly influenced the level of yield, the formation of indicators of the assimilation surface, photosynthetic potential and the use of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) by meadow clover grass stands. Research has established that the method of creating a grass stand and the rate of sowing of cover crops and seed crops significantly influenced the level of yield, the formation of indicators of the assimilation surface, photosynthetic potential and the use of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) by meadow clover grass stands. At the same time, it should be taken into account that no-cover sowing was in the second year, while under-cover sowing was in the first year of using the grass stand. In coverless crops, with an increase in the rate of sowing seeds, the area of the leaf surface increased. In all cases, increasing the sowing rate of cover crops reduced the leaf surface area of clover in the second year of life. The conducted studies showed that grass clover accumulates solar energy most effectively in the first year of use. The coefficient of use of PAR was in the range of 2,01-1,66%. Its maximum value was noted on the option with clover under-sowing under millet with the minimum rate of its sowing and the average meadow clover – 2,01%.

Comparative analysis of the results of the calculation of the frame node in the IDEA STATICA СCONNECTION software and according to the methods of normative documents

The development of modern construction increases the requirements for the reliability and accuracy of determining the stress-strain state of structures, nodes and details of designed objects. At the same time, today it is difficult to imagine the calculation of any structure without the use of modern software. When calculating the building as a whole, all joints, abutments and connections, as a rule, are specified in a simplified manner. At the same time, the special attention should be paid to the calculation of nodes connecting structures to each other, since, depending on the operating conditions of the node, a different distribution of the stress-strain state is possible, which in turn affects the geometric characteristics and operation of the structures. Thus, the calculation scheme of the node should reflect its real behavior as part of the structure, which, in turn, can lead to the complication of model creation, significant time costs and errors in calculations. Models of materials and individual components (bolts, welds) should also match the real ones as much as possible. This process is most relevant in the design of nodes of metal structures. The design of typical nodes is carried out using serial solutions, standard methods and manuals, but in the case of non-standard nodes of a complex shape, it is advisable to use the component method of finite elements reflected in foreign literature. This approach is implemented in the Idea StatiCa software complex. The model made in this program gives the modern engineer a sufficient amount of information about the behavior of the unit, its stress-strain state and the coefficients of use of individual components, as well as about the results of joint inspections. The results obtained during the calculation of the frame unit using this complex were compared with the calculations performed manually according to the methods of various regulatory documents.

Peri-Intubation Cardiorespiratory Arrest Risk in Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review

AbstractEndotracheal intubation is associated with an increased risk of cardiorespiratory arrest. Various factors modulate the risk of peri-intubation cardiorespiratory arrest. The primary objective of this study was to determine the risk of peri-intubation cardiorespiratory arrest in pediatric patients in a hospital setting, and the secondary objective was to determine the effect of various factors on the peri-intubation cardiorespiratory arrest risk. A systematic review was performed to identify eligible manuscripts. Studies were deemed appropriate if they included pediatric patients in a hospital setting not exclusively intubated for an indication of cardiorespiratory arrest. Data were extracted from studies deemed eligible for inclusion. A pooled risk of cardiorespiratory arrest was determined. A Bayesian linear regression was conducted to model the risk of cardiorespiratory arrest. All data used in this were study-level data. A total of 11 studies with 14,424 intubations were included in the final analyses. The setting for six (54.5%) studies was the emergency department. The baseline adjusted risk for peri-intubation cardiorespiratory arrest in pediatric patients was 3.78%. The mean coefficient for a respiratory indication for intubation was −0.06, indicating that a respiratory indication for intubation reduced the per-intubation cardiorespiratory arrest risk by 0.06%. The mean coefficient for use of ketamine was 0.07, the mean coefficient for use of a benzodiazepine was −0.14, the mean coefficient for use of a vagolytic was −0.01, and the mean coefficient for use of neuromuscular blockade was −0.40. Pediatric patients during the peri-intubation period have the risk of developing cardiorespiratory arrest. The pooled findings demonstrate associations that seem to highlight the importance of maintaining adequate systemic oxygen delivery to limit this risk.