Live Coding Research Articles

Clinical Consultation During a Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Community-Based Learning Collaborative: Examination of Consultation Content, Consultative Strategies, and Provider Engagement

Consultation following evidence-based practice (EBP) training enhances the uptake of EBPs. Yet, little is known about what occurs during consultation, and it is often difficult for providers to engage in consultation. This study examined provider engagement in consultation and the content and strategies used during consultation following training in Trauma-focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) as part of a community-based learning collaborative (CBLC). Minute-to-minute live coding of consultation calls revealed most content was clinically-oriented and the most common strategies used by consultants were didactic in nature. Providers with more years of professional experience and those with greater TF-CBT knowledge attended significantly more consultation calls. Providers with a greater average weekly caseload and providers who were supervisors presented significantly more cases on calls. Providers with greater TF-CBT knowledge spoke significantly more minutes on calls. Consistent with previous work, findings highlight difficulties with provider engagement in consultation and that providers with more baseline expertise are most likely to be engaged. Findings suggest tailoring EBP training efforts to better engage providers at greatest risk for low engagement.

The Supersymmetry Genetic Code Table and Quadruplet Symmetries of DNA Molecules Are Unchangeable and Synchronized with Codon-Free Energy Mapping during Evolution.

The Supersymmetry Genetic code (SSyGC) table is based on five physicochemical symmetries: (1) double mirror symmetry on the principle of the horizontal and vertical mirror symmetry axis between all bases (purines [A, G) and pyrimidines (U, C)] and (2) of bases in the form of codons; (3) direct-complement like codon/anticodon symmetry in the sixteen alternating boxes of the genetic code columns; (4) A + T-rich and C + G-rich alternate codons in the same row between both columns of the genetic code; (5) the same position between divided and undivided codon boxes in relation to horizontal mirror symmetry axis. The SSyGC table has a unique physicochemical purine-pyrimidine symmetry net which is as the core symmetry common for all, with more than thirty different nuclear and mitochondrial genetic codes. This net is present in the SSyGC table of all RNA and DNA living species. None of these symmetries are present in the Standard Genetic Code (SGC) table which is constructed on the alphabetic horizontal and vertical U-C-A-G order of bases. Here, we show that the free energy value of each codon incorporated as fundamentally mapping the "energy code" in the SSyGC table is compatible with mirror symmetry. On the other hand, in the SGC table, the same free energy values of codons are dispersed and a mirror symmetry between them is not recognizable. At the same time, the mirror symmetry of the SSyGC table and the DNA quadruplets together with our classification of codons/trinucleotides are perfectly imbedded in the mirror symmetry energy mapping of codons/trinucleotides and point out in favor of maintaining the integrity of the genetic code and DNA genome. We also argue that physicochemical symmetries of the SSyGC table in the manner of the purine-pyrimidine symmetry net, the quadruplet symmetry of DNA molecule, and the free energy of codons have remined unchanged during all of evolution. The unchangeable and universal symmetry properties of the genetic code, DNA molecules, and the energy code are decreasing disorder between codons/trinucleotides and shed a new light on evolution. Diversity in all living species on Earth is broad, but the symmetries of the Supersymmetry Genetic Code as the code of life and the DNA quadruplets related to the "energy code" are unique, unchangeable, and have the power of natural laws.

Code of Life: Unraveling Biological Mysteries through Computational Innovation

Code of Life: Unraveling Biological Mysteries through Computational Innovation

Existential Risk of Synthetic Biology: How Biological Engineering Can Help the World or Destroy It

In the early 2010s, the discovery of the CAS-9 protein thrust genetic editing into the public spotlight. All of a sudden, humans had the power to rapidly and accurately edit DNA, giving us control over the code for life itself. Now, just over a decade later, gene editing and biological engineering have given rise to entirely new industries and fields of research, each with its own possibilities and risks. From synthetic viruses made to target certain types of cancer, to 3D-printed materials that can repair themselves like living tissue, to diseases that have been augmented to carry all of the most dangerous attributes, biological engineering offers some of the most promising, and deadly, technologies of the future. With designer babies, man-made pandemics, and much more on the horizon, it is critical that the global community comes to a consensus about how to properly utilize these technologies without causing our own destruction. This article addresses the promises and dangers of these emerging industries/technologies and offers foresight into the challenges that will arise from biological engineering in the near future. Aside from this, we examine what the international community is doing in terms of oversight for the field, and the steps that we as a species need to take to mitigate the risks of these technologies. Biological engineering offers a future without famine, disease, or maybe even death, but if we are not prepared to guide the technology in the right direction, it also has the potential to be our species' undoing.

Caring with Computers

Computational Mama met with Diwas Raja Kc for an online conversation about her practice in relationto artist-led public pedagogies. Computational Mama’s work explores live coding and computationalthinking as forms of friendship and care. She currently lives in Udaipur, India, in a multi-generationalhousehold of all women and her 5-year-old son. In this rich exchange ranging from feminist theorists,artists, and coders, they discuss how she chose this moniker as care-giving and motherhoodincreasingly impact her practice and strategies of creative facilitation with community.

شرعی سزائیں: منٹگمری واٹ اور رابرٹ اسپنسر کی آرا کا تقابلی جائزہ

Islam is a complete code of life that encompasses faith, culture, law and the social order. It proposes a society of righteousness and justice. Criminal behavior is not tolerated in the Islamic order of society. This type of behavior is breach of God’s sovereignty, hence stiffer penalties are prescribed. This paper examines opinions of two western scholars found in their Quran commentaries about hudud punishments in Islamic penal system. The writers apply historiography, comparing and content analyzing methodologies in this study. The findings suggest that both orientalists thinking and approaches have shown a debatable point of view and biased judgment in evaluating Islamic legal system.

Teaching Data Science with Literate Programming Tools

This paper presents a case study on using Emacs and Org-mode for literate programming in undergraduate computer and data science courses. Over three academic terms, the author mandated these tools across courses in R, Python, C++, SQL, and more. The onboarding relied on simplified Emacs tutorials and starter configurations. Students gained proficiency after undertaking initial practice. Live coding sessions demonstrated the flexible instruction enabled by literate notebooks. Assignments and projects required documentation alongside functional code. Student feedback showed enthusiasm for learning a versatile IDE, despite some frustration with the learning curve. Skilled students highlighted efficiency gains in a unified environment. However, the uneven adoption of documentation practices pointed to a need for better incorporation into grading. Additionally, some students found Emacs unintuitive, desiring more accessible options. This highlights a need to match tools to skill levels, potentially starting novices with graphical IDEs before introducing Emacs. The key takeaways are as follows: literate programming aids comprehension but requires rigorous onboarding and reinforcement, and Emacs excels for advanced workflows but has a steep initial curve. With proper support, these tools show promise for data science education.

The Principles of Islamic Polity in the Qur’an and Sunnah: Revisiting Modern Political Discourse

Polity is a global phenomenon that refers to the political system, structures, and processes for shaping and governing society. Islam, as a complete code of life, addresses all issues of polity. This study attempted to explore the political system of the Holy Qur’an, Practiced by the Prophet (SAAS) and the Khulafa-e-Rashidun as well. This study found that essential principles of the Islamic polity mentioned in the Qur’an are Tawhid (Islamic Monotheism), Shari`ah (Way of life), ‘Adalah (Justice), Hurriyah (Freedom), Musawah (Equality), Shura (Consultation), Al-Wasatiyyah (Moderation), Khilafah (Vicegerency), Ummah (Commonwealth), Muhasabah (Accountability), and Muʿāmalāt (Civil Conduct) etc. Regarding the Prophetic tradition, it is evident that the Madinan Charter, also known as the first written Constitution of the world and the Hudaibiyah Peace Pact were historically significant examples of a multicultural society where peaceful co-existence, freedom of all religions, and women’s participation had been ensured. Moreover, this study also discovered that the major Polity practiced by the Khulafa-e-Rashidun were Free and fair elections, Decision Process by Shura, Respecting Public Opinion, and Ensuring Transparency and Accountability etc.

Network Automation

Purpose: The article "Network Automation in the Contemporary Economy" explores the concepts and methods of effective network management. The application stack, Jinja template engine, automation architecture, Nornir inventory management, application flow, logging, debugging, and live code testing are just a few of the subjects it covers. Network administrators are more important as digital technologies evolve quickly in order to maintain a safe and dependable network connection. The purpose of this article is to give network administrators the information and abilities they need to successfully traverse the intricacies of network management. It starts by going through the application stack and explaining the roles and relationships between each layer. The Ninja template engine is then described, along with an explanation of how its potent grammar makes network configuration management simple.
 Methodology: The research design employed in this study is a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches. It involved an extensive literature review to gather existing knowledge on network automation and management practices. Additionally, empirical data was collected through surveys and interviews with network administrators to understand their experiences, challenges, and perspectives on network automation.
 Findings: The study found that network automation offers numerous benefits, including increased efficiency, reduced human errors, and enhanced network security. The application stack was identified as a critical component of network architecture, and its proper management can significantly impact network performance. The Jinja template engine proved to be an effective tool for simplifying network configuration tasks and promoting standardization across the network infrastructure.
 Recommendations: To policymakers, we recommend investing in training programs and resources to equip network administrators with the necessary skills to implement and manage network automation effectively. Developing clear guidelines and standards for network automation can also help organizations adopt automation practices seamlessly.
 Theory: The study was informed by the "Network Automation Theory," which posits that automating network management tasks can streamline operations, enhance reliability, and free up human resources for more strategic initiatives. The theory suggests that proper implementation of automation tools and frameworks can lead to a more agile and resilient network infrastructure. The validation of the theory was achieved through empirical data collected from network administrators and their experiences with network automation. The findings aligned with the propositions of the theory, confirming that network automation indeed brings significant benefits to organizations.
 Policy: For policymakers, we propose the formulation of a comprehensive policy framework that encourages the adoption of network automation technologies. The policy should focus on providing financial incentives for businesses to invest in automation tools, fostering partnerships between government and private sectors to promote knowledge exchange, and establishing regulatory guidelines to ensure network security and data privacy in automated environments.
 Practice: To network administrators and practitioners, we recommend staying updated with the latest advancements in network automation technologies and tools. Investing time in training and upskilling can help practitioners gain expertise in using automation frameworks like Nornir and Jinja template engine. Additionally, fostering a culture of continuous learning and experimentation within organizations can lead to successful implementations of network automation practices.

Livecoderas Latinoamericanas: Diversity, educational access and musicking networks in live coding in Latin America

Live coding in Latin America has always been tied to educational access concerns and has been disseminated through the region by way of free workshops offered outside of academic institutions. Although there is significant live coding activity in Latin America, live coding outside of the European context has been little explored. We interviewed 11 female practitioners active in live coding nodes in Latin America to uncover the challenges this group faces in terms of access to music education and live coding with the aim of determining what strategies can be implemented to mitigate these challenges and promote diversity in the future. We also consider the role of collective activity and how interaction between live coding nodes in the region has led to the formation of safe spaces in which participants can share resources. The results show that live coding offers attractions for those who have faced challenges in music academia while those with non-music backgrounds found an introduction to sound creation through live coding. This suggests that live coding provides new opportunities for inclusiveness that could be taken advantage of by music academics.

Live Coding Poetry: The narrative of code in a hybrid musical/poetic context

Live coding is a celebrated practice that is used in many areas, combined with a variety of artistic fields. Code poetry is a form of poetry with many variations, all of which have a common rule: the code that is or produces the poem must compile without errors. The meeting point of live coding and code poetry seems to have not yet been thoroughly explored, leaving space for experimentation and research. Certain attempts have already been made, where live coding is either approached through natural language or used to break up and merge chunks of existing poems, forming new ones. Computer code has also been used to write deterministic opera librettos, following the code poetry paradigm. This article focuses on the literary and artistic attributes of code, on code poetry and on the existing attempts to combine it with live coding. It also highlights the narrative attribute of musical live coding to formulate a rationale for combining live coding with code poetry in a musical context. The goal is to examine the possibilities of this combination, as well as how this can be achieved, from a technical point of view.

Live Coding and Music Production as Hybrid Practice

This article discusses incorporating live coding as part of a new Foundation pathway for music production at a UK university that started in September 2022. The inclusion of live coding, using the application Sonic Pi, is situated alongside music production using a DAW, initially through the process of drum programming. The role of Sonic Pi is also to provide a means for producers to take their productions into the live performance space. This article’s contribution is in three areas. The first is to provide a short history of live coding at the current institution coupled with a longer account of my fragmented journey into live coding to provide some context. For the second discussion area, information about the foundation, its structure and how it fits into the overall degree programme is discussed. This section also includes some short code examples to illustrate the approach and links to video materials. For the last discussion area I outline an area of crossover between production and live coding which opens up a number of critical discussion points. This concerns the use of a breakbeat, what this means when used in productions, in live coding and when shipped with paid for or free software.

Live Coding Outside, Live Coding Inside: Listening, participation and walking

This article is a text on the encounter of live coding with soundscape, soundart installation and soundwalking. This combination involves leaving the studio or a stage for live coding outside or moving to a participatory event inside a gallery, as in the case of an art installation. The article presents four cases of live coders and artists who have worked with this mixture. To understand how these artists combine live coding with these sound practices, I interviewed them and observed their works and performances in videos posted on internet platforms. The article shows that live coding sound, commonly performed within a concert space, can happen in listening, participation or walking contexts. The cases explore the sound of nature and the city to integrate it into the live coding practice of each artist. This shows that live coding can be expanded, combined or hybridised with other sound practices and establish a dialogue between different communities.

The Unknowing Side of the Algorithm: Decolonising live coding from Latin America

In this article we discuss and critically analyse some colonial assumptions of live coding from the Global North in contrast to the practice of live coding in Latin America (LATAM). To do so, we first look at different colonial problems that arise from different contemporary approaches. This results in a recommendation to consider more complex conditions of power that exist in the Global South and shows how live coding can put into practice greater complexity in the social system of art that could contribute to the structural reinforcement of the next society, as well as a critique of the inherited tonality in different media. We then proceed to criticise other sound colonial assumptions by using the decolonial praxis-theory from LATAM live coders and propose different forms of sound decolonisation. Finally, we propose a way to reconcile the convergence of interests between live coding in Latin America, the ‘methodology’ of Black studies, and the ‘theory’ of sonic fiction. In the conclusion, we pose several critical questions that could serve as the basis for further investigations.

Musical Live Coding in Relation to Interactivity Variations

This article explores the similarities and differences between live coding and traditional music performances. The focus is on how bodily movements are expressed and whether pre-reflective processes may be activated during a live coding performance. While reports from practitioners vary on percepts of embodiment, the community is missing a theoretical background that reflects on practice. Understanding pre-reflective processes in live coding can benefit performance practices and tool development. As a live coder, I reflect on personal experiences and explore what I call ‘interactivity variations’, a term to denote different gestural manners of interactions during a performance. I observe patterns of embodiment among various live coders who use diverse performance systems from online videos. Out of 11 examples of performance systems, two cases demonstrate interactivity variations that can activate pre-reflective processes while another exploits direct manipulation. I present some implications for the patterns of bodily movement during a live coding performance and discuss how descriptive and prescriptive notation can be important and potentially influence our sensorimotor network. The article contributes a first account of a sensorimotor theory on live coding performances, reflecting on practice and embodied music cognition by presenting an aesthetic analysis of 11 online video examples.

Visual Representations to Stimulate New Musicking Strategies in Live Coding

In live coding, the code can be considered as an archetypal form of score that notates formal processes. We aimed at investigating the possibility of using graphic visuals as a complementary form of descriptive score by visualising sound events using different time representations. To this end, we devised two visualisation systems (Time_X and Time_Z). Time_X represents time along thex-axis, while in Time_Z the objects overlap along an imaginaryz-axis. Based on our previous personal experience with the system, such forms of visual scores can help to develop new musicking strategies while live coding. In this article, we wanted to broaden such reflections, and we used them as probes in a study with three live coders. After tailoring the two systems to the usual practice of the three participants, we asked them to use the systems for three weeks and keep a diary. At the end, we interviewed them. Based on their comments, we present some reflections on the use of graphic forms of visualisation in live coding, on how they can support musicking process, and to what extent such visuals can be considered scores.

Live Coding Patterns and a Toolkit for Pure Data

Creative activities often involve specific processes and techniques that reflect the unique nature of the activity. For live coders, these processes and techniques can be expressed as algorithms and functions in live coding languages. In many fields, these idiomatic processes are referred to as design patterns. Design patterns are important to understand because they can structure thought and direct users towards particular outcomes. This article examines the design patterns in live coding practices and languages, specifically focusing on the Live Coding Toolkit for Pure Data. Pure Data is a visual programming language, but few live coders have traditionally used it. This article explains how the Live Coding Toolkit allows Pure Data to effectively express the patterns of practice required for successful music live coding performance.

On the Integration of Machine Agents into Live Coding

Co-creation strategies for human–machine collaboration have recently been explored in various creative disciplines and more opportunities for human–machine collaborations are materialising. In this article, we outline how to augment musical live coding by considering how human live coders can effectively collaborate with a machine agent imbued with the ability to produce its own patterns of executable code. Using machine agents allows live coders to explore not-yet conceptualised patterns of code and supports them in asking new questions. We argue that to move away from scenarios where machine agents are used in a merely generative way, or only as creative impetus for the human, and towards a more collaborative relationship with the machine agent, consideration is needed for system designers around the aspects of reflection, aesthetics and evaluation. Furthermore, owing to live coding’s close relationship with exposing processes, using agents in such a way can be a useful manner to explore how to make artificial intelligence processes more open and explainable to an audience. Finally, some speculative futures of co-creative and artificially intelligent systems and what opportunities they might afford the live coder are discussed.

Discovering Creative Commons Sounds in Live Coding

This article reports on a study to identify the new sonic challenges and opportunities for live coders, computer musicians and sonic artists using MIRLCa, a live-coding environment powered by an artificial intelligence (AI) system. MIRLCa works as a customisable worldwide sampler, with sounds retrieved from the collective online Creative Commons (CC) database Freesound. The live-coding environment was developed in SuperCollider by the author in conversation with the live-coding community through a series of workshops and by observing its use by 16 live coders, including the author, in work-in-progress sessions, impromptu performances and concerts. This article presents a qualitative analysis of the workshops, work-in-progress sessions and performances. The findings identify (1) the advantages and disadvantages, and (2) the different compositional strategies that result from manipulating a digital sampler of online CC sounds in live coding. A prominent advantage of using sound samples in live coding is its low-entry access suitable for music improvisation. The article concludes by highlighting future directions relevant to performance, composition, musicology and education.

Anatomical Intelligence: Live coding as performative dissection

This article describes the method of ‘dissective’ live coding, as developed through the artistic-research project Anatomies of Intelligence. In this work we investigate how live coding can be used as an approach for performative explorations of a data corpus and a machine learning algorithm operating on this corpus. The artistic framework of this project collides early Enlightenment-era anatomical epistemologies with contemporary machine learning, creating a fertile space for novel, embodied artistic methods to emerge. We engage audiences in an immersive, live-coded experience where image and sound are driven by our dissective approach, revealing the underlying rhythms and structures of a machine learning algorithm running live on an artist-made dataset. To support these performances we have developed a custom browser-based software, the Networked Theatre, used for both hybrid in-person/online audiovisual performances. In this article we describe this work and reflect on our experience as performers and audience feedback, which suggests that our dissective method of live coding, based on examining ‘ready-made’ algorithms, offers a unique experiential entryway into the bodies of machine learning and data corpi.