Communication Code Research Articles

A Variationist Sociolinguistics Study of Ewe Kente at Agortime Traditional Area in the Volta Region

The proud kente cloth has knowledge and cultural heritage which has ceremonial, symbolic and authority about the wearer that is best known and mostly widely recognized of all textiles in Africa. Its unique features are wide and invokes powerful emotions as well as symbolizes the fundamental nonverbal codes ever imagined in Ghana which cuts across religion, ethnicity and instill national pride. The purpose of the study was to establish the unique message kente possesses and communicates to society as well as its status. Most of the existing writers center on textile weaving, tools and techniques in textile weaving and the aesthetic nature of kente. Though these writings are important contributions to kente, its nonverbal communicative codes have not been well documented. The adoption of the kente among Agortime-Kpetoe weavers was primarily influenced by sensory experience, fit, and interpersonal impact, which serves as an example of how several parts of the kente clothing are interconnected. The sociolinguistic theory is used as a theoretical lens in this work as well. The study made use of qualitative data for its purpose. 15 people were chosen to take part in the study using purposive sampling methods. Participants included kente cloth consumers and weavers. Data for the study was collected using an interviewing guide. Present the study’s findings before you conclude. The study finds that the Agotime Kente mostly use non-verbal codes to communicate. The study's conclusions showed that while most modern kente cloths do not communicate, certain distinctive ones do, particularly those that are currently being woven. These include clothes that express concepts of religion, rivalry, position, authority, and royalty to the user. This supports the belief of the Agotime society that non-verbal codes are more reliable and plausible for expressing royalty, authority, status, and communication between people. Keywords: Ewe kente, Symbols, Sociolinguistics, Communication, Agortime-Kpetoe

Integrated visible light communication and positioning CDMA system employing modified ZCZ and Walsh code.

In this paper, an integrated visible light communication and positioning (VLCP) code division multiple access (CDMA) system is proposed for recovering original user data and obtaining positioning information simultaneously. A generalized modification method for balanced bipolar code set is presented, which can be applied to VLCP-CDMA system with intensity modulation. Both modified bipolar code sets, zero correlation zone (ZCZ) code set and Walsh code set, are employed and evaluated in VLCP-CDMA systems. When considering synchronous and quasi-synchronous (QS) systems, it is demonstrated that the modified ZCZ code set with ideal zero correlation zone properties performs better communication and positioning performance than the modified Walsh code set by system simulations and experiments. As a result, a bit error rate (BER) of 1.8×10-3 and an average positioning error of 1.50 cm are successfully obtained by adopting modified ZCZ code set in a 4-user real-time VLCP-CDMA system. It will offer a promising solution to meet both communication and positioning requirements of future intelligent systems.

Influence of Aikido and Taijiquan-Tuishou on Contact Improvisation

Oriental Martial Arts such as Taijiquan-Tuishou and Aikido represent some of the Asian influences on western culture resulting from immigration from China and Japan to the United States of America during the middle of the 20th century. Contact Improvisation, a style of post-modern dance performed in pairs, is one of the manifestations enriched by this oriental influence. The purpose of this manuscript is to document which dynamic, proprioceptive and somatic elements were transferred to the choreographic language of Contact Improvisation from these martial arts. In the case of Contact Improvisation, the most important technical components highlighted include: center of gravity, weight sharing, point of contact, sphericity, rolling, the embryonic relationship of axial axis and limbs, ki and proprioceptive communication. Although an evolution in the interpretation of the meanings and uses of this particular dance form may exist, we can nonetheless establish some kinesthetic communication codes and strategies derived directly from its original sources. These sources belong to martial arts such as Aikido and Tuishou or Taijiquan and are essential to the intercultural communication component of the Contact Improvisation duo since they involve the learning of fundamentals and principles of non-verbal interaction considered as specific for the mastery of intercorporeality. This is discussed in light of the work of Mark Young, a Contact Improvisation choreographer who maintains Paxton's legacy of roll technique documented in “Material for the Spine” by perfecting the execution and technical variations of helix rolls in a constructed system of spirals. This concurrence of strategies adopted from Aikido and Taijiquan and the usefulness of these elements in terms of performing this partner dance would appear to be key in the understanding of Contact Improvisation.

Experiment analysis on optimization of 7 km urban space laser communication link

In this paper, multi-aperture transmission technology and bit-interleaved coded modulation techniques are used to optimize the space optical link from the aspects of laser communication optical transceivers and communication coding modulation. Through the experiment, it is concluded that in the 7 km complex urban link, the use of multi-aperture transmission technology can effectively alleviate the channel fading caused by atmospheric turbulence, thereby reducing the scintillation of light intensity and improving the communication effect. Compared to non-coding modulation, the entire communication link can be optimized using bit-interleaved coded modulation techniques. When the light intensity scintillation is less than 0.25, the communication bit error rate will be reduced by 1 to 3 orders of magnitude. These technologies can effectively improve the performance of space optical communication, optimize the complete three-dimensional communication network system such as air and ground, ground and ground, etc., and realize rapid transmission of information. It is used in the connection of local area networks, temporary deployment in special environments and emergency disaster relief, etc., and provides some technical and data support for complex space optical communication fields.

Arbitrary-Order and Multichannel Optical Vortices with Simultaneous Amplitude and Phase Modulation on Plasmonic Metasurfaces.

The highly localized and uneven spatial distribution of the subwavelength light field in metal metasurfaces provides a promising means for the generation of optical vortices (OVs) with arbitrary topological charges. In this paper, a simple and reliable way for generating multichannel OVs on gold nanoporous metasurfaces is reported. The instantaneous field of arbitrary-order OVs can be regulated and concentrated on the same focal surface by adapting photonic spin–orbit interaction (SOI) and geometric phase. The focal ring energy distribution of OVs along the conical propagation path is accurately calculated, and the double phase of units induced by spin rotation is confirmed. Based on the parameter optimization of the nanohole arrangement, the simultaneous amplitude and phase modulation of multichannel OVs has been realized. Furthermore, the average multichannel signal-to-noise ratio exceeds 15 dB, which meets the requirements of high resolution and low crosstalk. Our study obtains broadband and efficient OVs, which can contribute to improving the capacity storage and security of optical information and possess great application prospects in beam shaping, optical tweezers, and communication coding.

Queue-Aware Finite-Blocklength Coding for Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communications: A Cross-Layer Approach

To provide reliable transmissions with low-latency requirements, we focus on Finite-Blocklength Coding (FBC) in Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communications (URLLC). However, ensuring the reliability and latency of FBC has remained an open issue in URLLC. In this paper, we develop a queue-aware FBC scheme under random arrivals. With the awareness of queue length, we employ variable-length coding to jointly encode packets, through which we obtain a benefit on reliability. Meanwhile, we optimize latency under a cross-layer approach, in which two classes of variable-length codes are investigated with resources allocated in the frequency and time domains, respectively. To obtain an optimal reliability-latency tradeoff under variable-length FBC, we first present the reliability and latency performance for single links based on a Constrained Markov Decision Process (CMDP). Providing reliability with a power allocation, we then obtain the optimal tradeoff by a Linear Programming (LP) problem, in which the probability of violation of the constraints on queue length and the number of transmitted packets is minimized under average constraints on resources. Moreover, we show an optimal threshold-based policy under Bernoulli arrivals. We finally consider some extensions of the optimal tradeoff for multi-user downlinks as well as single links with retransmission.

Simulation of a robot arm that can supplant the dynamic activities of human arm

The research was tenaciously conducted to model and simulate a robot arm using MATLAB Simulink software. The research activities included modification of a robot arm that mimics the controlling performance of a real human arm in MATLAB and the controlling effects of each joint as per the angle of rotation of the robot arm. The controlling moment (forces) of the robot arm was mathematically modeled. Euler-Lagrange equation of motion was applied to determine vector of control moments (forces). During the simulation process, the first to achieve was to model equations of motion in MATLAB symbolically and then (further) to generate function blocks directly in Simulink followed by use of Sims cape toolbox to model the robot arm similar to 3D modeling. The robot arm end effecter followed certain reference trajectory as computed torque chosen in feed forward plus PD (Proportional Derivative) controller in feedback division. Effective control of the robot arm was ensured by connecting the robot arm to a personal computer (PC) using a microcontroller. The complete control process was accomplished through two divisions of CUBLOC microcontroller program (to write code of interference between PC and the robot arm) and MATLAB Program (containing serial communication code and the graphical user interface). The stages employed in the activities of the complete system functions consist of kinematics, trajectory planning and a controller. The output was tested and it showed that the simulated robot arm performed the dynamic activities, particularly the control, of a real human arm in the software environment.

PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PELAYANAN PUBLIK BERBASIS APLIKASI PEKANBARU DALAM GENGGAMAN

Services are increasingly developing times experiencing changes from service, it is undeniable that public services known in government are electronic-based services (Electronic Government), one of which is the Pekanbaru government through the Pekanbaru statistical informatics communication service and coding, namely the Pekanbaru application in hand. 
 Of course, after the community uses the application, it gives rise to several perceptions or assessments which are one of the factors in the description of how the service that is felt or obtained by the community through the Pekanbaru application is in the grip of whether it is in accordance with service users. This study aims to determine and explain the public's perception of public services based on the Pekanbaru application in hand. The theory used by the author in this study is a theory about the dimensions of public services, service is one of the rights that must be obtained by the community.
 This study uses a quantitative descriptive research, with data collection techniques, namely questionnaires, to the community using the Pekanbaru application in hand with a sample of 99 respondents determined through incidental sampling technique, for data processing the questionnaire test is carried out using a product and service solution statistical program. (SPSS) windows version 25.
 Test the validity of the instrument using product moment correlation and reliability test using Cronbach's alpha. The results of each of the indicators are usability (usability) worth 61.09% or good, information quality indicators (information quality) 78.75% or good, Service Interaction Quality indicators (Service Interaction Quality) 80.11% or good, and overall indicators (overall) 81.21% or very good so that the results obtained are 75.04% categorized as good.

Adaptive Packet Coding for Reliable Underwater Acoustic Communications

This work investigates adaptive random linear packet coding (RLPC) for reliable underwater acoustic (UWA) communications. Our goal is to minimize the total transmission time of data blocks by adjusting the packet coding rate. We first consider the application of RLPC with the conventional automatic repeat request (ARQ) scheme. We dynamically adjust the coding rate to fit the time variations of UWA channels by choosing the optimal number of packets in each transmission. The optimal number of packets in each transmission is obtained based on a dynamic programming (DP) algorithm according to the feedback messages, which contain the number of successfully transmitted packets in the last transmission and the channel state information. Furthermore, considering the long propagation delay of UWA communications, we propose a modified juggling-like ARQ (J-ARQ) for the RLPC scheme, for which the duration of each transmission can be adjusted based on the characteristics of RLPC. A two-step DP algorithm is proposed to find out the optimal solutions for this case. Simulation results show that the proposed schemes can improve the throughput efficiency and reduce the outage probability.

The Impact of Information Sessions on Women’s Anxiety When Facing a Voluntary Termination of Pregnancy (VTP)—A Case Study about Geneva University Hospitals (Switzerland)

Women going through a termination of their pregnancy (VTP) face a stressful situation that should be managed by hospitals in a multidisciplinary way: law, public health, and communication. This paper aims to analyze how the information sessions organized by hospitals influence women’s decisions when facing a VTP. To achieve that, we resorted to four main methodologies: (a) literature review about law, public health, and communication; (b) a 4-week participant observation at Port Royal Hospital (France) and in a social restaurant in Katowice (Poland), as well as three focus groups in the first institution (2012); (c) an online survey addressed to 500 women in Poland, France, and Switzerland (2012–2014); and (d) two focus groups and one deep interview with doctors and nurses from Geneva University Hospitals and Lausanne University Hospital in Switzerland (2017–2018). Based on our quantitative results, we developed a medical protocol to help doctors interact with patients going through a VTP. This protocol was approved by the Geneva University Hospitals’ Ethics Committee (BASEC 2018-01983). We concluded that women’s informed consent is an intimate, reciprocal decision; doctors should help them to make independent decisions; and hospitals need to establish a harmonized discourse based on a code of internal communication, train their doctors in communication skills, and help them adopt a more flexible approach when taking care of these patients.

Reinforcement Learning Based Network Coding for Drone-Aided Secure Wireless Communications

Active eavesdropper sends jamming signals to raise the transmit power of base stations and steal more information from cellular systems. Network coding resists the active eavesdroppers that cannot obtain all the data flows, but highly relies on the wiretap channel states that are rarely known in wireless networks. In this paper, we present a reinforcement learning (RL) based random linear network coding scheme for drone-aided cellular systems to address eavesdropping. In this scheme, the network coding policy, including the encoded packet number, the packet and power allocation, is chosen based on the measured jamming power, previous transmission performance and BS channel states. A virtual model generates simulated experiences to update Q-values besides real experiences for faster policy optimization. We also propose a deep RL version and design a hierarchical architecture to further accelerate the policy exploration and improve the anti-eavesdropping performance, in terms of the intercept probability, the latency, the outage probability and the energy consumption. We analyze the computational complexity, drone deployment, secure coverage area and the performance bound of the proposed schemes, which are verified via simulation results.

The spatial scale of somatostatin subnetworks increases from sensory to association cortex.

Incoming signals interact with rich, ongoing population activity dynamics in cortical circuits. These intrinsic dynamics are the consequence of interactions among local excitatory and inhibitory neurons and affect inter-region communication and information coding. It is unclear whether specializations in the patterns of interactions among excitatory and inhibitory neurons underlie systematic differences in activity dynamics across the cortex. Here, in mice, we compare the functional interactions among somatostatin (SOM)-expressing inhibitory interneurons and the rest of the neural population in auditory cortex (AC), a sensory region of the cortex, and posterior parietal cortex (PPC), an association region. The spatial structure of shared variability among SOM and non-SOM neurons differs across regions: correlations decay rapidly with distance in AC but not in PPC. However, in both regions, activity of SOM neurons is more highly correlated than non-SOM neurons' activity. Our results imply both generalization and specialization in the functional structure of inhibitory subnetworks across the cortex.

V2X Communication for Message Transmission and Warning Detection

Currently, the way that smart cars operate is that they have sensors all around the vehicle to identify and learn about adjacent objects. However, the precision of these sensors frequently has a relatively short range. Reliable long-distance data collection is becoming increasingly important as autonomous driving systems gain in popularity. The suggested remedy for this problem is a gadget that would be mounted on every moving vehicle. This gadget would transmit data about the car (size, speed, acceleration, position, heading, etc.) and receive data about nearby cars with comparable equipment. This eliminates the need for intelligent vehicles to guess what other vehicles are doing around them. Vehicles can instead get this information directly from other vehicles on the road and spend more resources monitoring/tracking non-vehicular objects and feed their information directly to an intelligent system for further complex decision making. This report mainly consists of collecting data for M2M communication and analyzing data for V2V based protocols; establishing simple V2V communication with software tool and sample data; code for V2V communication using CCA with the help of AoDV; design and simulation of hardware architecture in its application. The simulation is performed on an open-source software which is created on its latest release. The test cases run is in a simulated environment of nodal communication representing clusters of vehicles on the radar interacting with each other. These nodes have reactive protocols such as Co- operative Collision Avoidance (CCA) and Ad-Hoc On Demand Distance Vectoring (AoDV). These aim at providing early warning and message routing using unicast and multicast. The results presented in this report show that the through-put, network-life, energy consumed and distance between the nodes are crucial factors that help route message passing between nodes in a given Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). The results obtained from the project discuss WSN communication using AoDV and CCA, along with this the hardware application is built on the idea to transfer vehicle information such as acceleration and displacement using the ESP-32 control module to establish communication that validates the message transmission between these modules in offline mode.

Nonlinear Transform Source-Channel Coding for Semantic Communications

In this paper, we propose a class of high-efficiency deep joint source-channel coding methods that can closely adapt to the source distribution under the nonlinear transform, it can be collected under the name nonlinear transform source-channel coding (NTSCC). In the considered model, the transmitter first learns a nonlinear analysis transform to map the source data into latent space, then transmits the latent representation to the receiver via deep joint source-channel coding. Our model incorporates the nonlinear transform as a strong prior to effectively extract the source semantic features and provide side information for source-channel coding. Unlike existing conventional deep joint source-channel coding methods, the proposed NTSCC essentially learns both the source latent representation and an entropy model as the prior on the latent representation. Accordingly, novel adaptive rate transmission and hyperprior-aided codec refinement mechanisms are developed to upgrade deep joint source-channel coding. The whole system design is formulated as an optimization problem whose goal is to minimize the end-to-end transmission rate-distortion performance under established perceptual quality metrics. Across test image sources with various resolutions, we find that the proposed NTSCC transmission method generally outperforms both the analog transmission using the standard deep joint source-channel coding and the classical separation-based digital transmission. Notably, the proposed NTSCC method can potentially support future semantic communications due to its content-aware ability and perceptual optimization goal.

Automation identifier approach for library management information system

Rapid technological developments provide benefits for library management. One of them is the application of automatic identifiers in library management, through RFID and QR Code implementation. Some problems that are faced by libraries at the moment, include the lack of guarantees for the safety management of books in the library, lack of services human resources library management, and book availability information has not been accurate. This research conducts the development of a library management information system to solve the problems by using automatic identifiers utilizing Near Field Communication and QR Code technology. The implementation scenario is each library member has the NFC Card and their personal information stored in the NFC card, also each book in the library is put with a QR Code label containing book code information. Transaction of book loan and book return are done by initially tapping NFC Card to record visitor returned or borrow the book and then continue to scanning QR Code label of each book borrowed or returned. In the final stage, the application tested by tapping the NFC card (RFID) on the reader/writer device, and it found the NFC Card could be read or record data from the device at a maximum of 7 cm, while testing phase conducted QR Code label could be read at a maximum distance of 40 centimeters from the device. Implementing automatic identifier help to manage transaction in library more accurate, improve services and provide added value for the library.

Visually communicating exclusiveness: how specialist music secondary schools in England represent themselves on the web

ABSTRACT This article examines how specialist music secondary schools in England present themselves on their websites and social media platforms. We consider visual communication codes and how such patterns reflect cultural distinctions and social boundaries. Multimodal critical discourse analysis is used to demonstrate how the choice of semiotic resources convey the meaning of specialisation in a socially exclusive manner. Although the schools in question use different resources, similarities in function can be noted in their self-promotion. A school’s social matrix and use of classical aesthetics are conveyed through non-verbal, visual communication. An elite code associates advanced musical training with certain principles of behaviour and social values. Those, in turn, represent class-based distinctions, cultural boundaries, and characteristics of privileged education.

F. M. Dostoevsky in Iran: “Triple” Translation

The creative heritage of F. M. Dostoevsky has always aroused interest among Iranian researchers and lovers of Russian literature. The article is devoted to the study of Dostoevsky’s influence on the formation and development of Persian literature. This influence found expression in such a peculiar phenomenon as a triple translation: the translation of Dostoevsky’s novel into Persian, the translation of literary text into cinematic language, and the translation of Christian content into the language of Islamic culture. The article contains an analysis of the film adaptation of “White Nights,” which was released in 2002. The author of the script for the film is Saeed Aghighi, the author of the production is an outstanding Iranian film director Farzad Motamen. The feature film is a free adaptation of Dostoevsky’s novel “White Nights” to modern Persian spatial, temporal, cultural and religious features. It can be considered the only successful Iranian film adaptation of the works of Russian classics. The film was the result of a creative dialogue of the translator, screenwriter and director with the author, interaction and mutual enrichment of different types of arts, national cultures and confessions, literary, philosophical and religious codes of communication.

RNN-Based Sequence to Sequence Decoder for Run-Length Limited Codes in Visible Light Communication.

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with visible light communication (VLC) technology can simultaneously offer flexible communications and illumination to service ground users. Since a poor UAV working environment increases interference sent to the VLC link, there is a pressing need to further ensure reliable data communications. Run-length limited (RLL) codes are commonly utilized to ensure reliable data transmission and flicker-free perception in VLC technology. Conventional RLL decoding methods depend upon look-up tables, which can be prone to erroneous transmissions. This paper proposes a novel recurrent neural network (RNN)-based decoder for RLL codes that uses sequence to sequence (seq2seq) models. With a well-trained model, the decoder has a significant performance advantage over the look-up table method, and it can approach the bit error rate of maximum a posteriori (MAP) criterion-based decoding. Moreover, the decoder is use to deal with multiple frames simultaneously, such that the totality of RLL-coded frames can be decoded by only one-shot decoding within one time slot, which is able to enhance the system throughput. This shows our decoder’s great potential for practical UAV applications with VLC technology.

Using weapons instead of perfume: chemical association strategies of the myrmecophilous bug Scolopostethus pacificus (Rhyparochromidae)

A vast diversity of parasites associates with ants. Living in and around ant nests of these organisms must overcome ant colony defenses. As ant defensive behavior is mainly mediated by species-specific cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) or alarm pheromones, and ant-associated parasites can either crack their hosts’ chemical communication code by modifying their own CHC profiles or use pro-active strategies like chemical weaponry for distraction and repellency. While the chemical nature of ant–parasite interactions has been intensively studied for highly host-specific parasites, the chemical-deceptive strategies of the rather rare ant-resembling heteropterans are unknown. To gain insight into this system, I studied the bug Scolopostethus pacificus (Barber 1918) which can be found near the nests of the ecologically dominant and aggressive velvety tree ant (Liometopum occidentale, Emery 1895). Using behavioral, chemical, and molecular approaches, I disentangled the relationship of S. pacificus and its host ant. Chemical profiling of the bug and the ant revealed that the bug does not make use of CHC insignificance or mimicry, but instead uses a cocktail of volatile compounds released from its metathoracic glands that likely moderates encounters with its aggressive host. Feeding trials with armed and artificially disarmed bugs revealed a defensive function of the gland exudates. Targeted molecular gut barcoding showed that S. pacificus does not feed on L. occidentale. These results suggest that chemical weaponry, rather than a chemical code-cracking CHC matching or chemical insignificance, enables S. pacificus to get along with and live in close proximity to its host ant.

Latinity: Rhetoric and Anxiety after Antiquity

This introduction sets the scene for six essays devoted to the study of the discourse of Latin. Despite the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the fifth century, Latin remained the dominant code of communication in European society for a millennium. And yet in the minds of many of its most prolific users and commentators, it has experienced a continuous cycle of existential crises. After multiple reappraisals and re-fashionings of Latinity in the early and high Middle Ages, the self-conscious definition of language and its relationship to culture which arose in fourteenth-century Italy led to the bestowal of the much-controverted title of “renaissance” on the ensuing age. But, with respect to Latinity, was (and is) this label a distinction without a difference? Not only in the Quattrocento, but also in earlier and later eras, cultivating “good Latin”, however this was defined, and indeed being seen to cultivate it were matters of the utmost importance, an inexhaustible wellspring of sociocultural capital. Our object here is to study the language of the language itself: the valueattributed to Latin, its standing vis-à-vis other languages, the qualities linked with it, and the issues in which it was implicated. Our remit is Latinity after Antiquity, and the six essays which follow range from late antique North Africa to nineteenth-century Hungary.