Code Violations Research Articles

Deconstructing Myths Via Humor: A Semiotic Analysis of Philippine Political Internet Memes

The study is a qualitative-descriptive analysis of 12 randomly selected Philippine political internet memes. Utilizing Berger’s (2004) Semiotic Theory of Humor and Barthes’s (1991) concept of myth, the study examined how the humorous signifiers in the political internet memes deconstruct dominant political ideologies of modern (Philippine) society which appear natural and normal. Findings revealed that contrasts and binary oppositions in both images and captions portraying code violations are the humorous signifiers in the memes. Humor in the memes is basically aggressive, as it ridicules and satirizes representatives of power, the political elite, for their undesirable qualities and practices which are in stark contrast with (or violations of) the righteous and moralistic slogan of the present administration, that is, ‘Daang Matuwid.’ Through the internet memes, the belief that a new administration can be a ‘messiah’ who can save the masses from their present sorry condition is deconstructed. As the analysis shows, humor in the internet memes exposes some political ideological constructs which are naturalized or normalized in the Philippine society. Through humor, such ideologies are unmasked and the public is brought to awareness of what is really behind seemingly normal or natural events in the Philippine political arena. This means that Filipino humor, apart from being a mere expression of fun and entertainment, has the potential to express dissent especially against some ills in the society. Recommendations for future research are included.

Supplementing Public Health Inspection via Social Media.

Foodborne illness is prevented by inspection and surveillance conducted by health departments across America. Appropriate restaurant behavior is enforced and monitored via public health inspections. However, surveillance coverage provided by state and local health departments is insufficient in preventing the rising number of foodborne illness outbreaks. To address this need for improved surveillance coverage we conducted a supplementary form of public health surveillance using social media data: Yelp.com restaurant reviews in the city of San Francisco. Yelp is a social media site where users post reviews and rate restaurants they have personally visited. Presence of keywords related to health code regulations and foodborne illness symptoms, number of restaurant reviews, number of Yelp stars, and restaurant price range were included in a model predicting a restaurant’s likelihood of health code violation measured by the assigned San Francisco public health code rating. For a list of major health code violations see (S1 Table). We built the predictive model using 71,360 Yelp reviews of restaurants in the San Francisco Bay Area. The predictive model was able to predict health code violations in 78% of the restaurants receiving serious citations in our pilot study of 440 restaurants. Training and validation data sets each pulled data from 220 restaurants in San Francisco. Keyword analysis of free text within Yelp not only improved detection of high-risk restaurants, but it also served to identify specific risk factors related to health code violation. To further validate our model we applied the model generated in our pilot study to Yelp data from 1,542 restaurants in San Francisco. The model achieved 91% sensitivity 74% specificity, area under the receiver operator curve of 98%, and positive predictive value of 29% (given a substandard health code rating prevalence of 10%). When our model was applied to restaurant reviews in New York City we achieved 74% sensitivity, 54% specificity, area under the receiver operator curve of 77%, and positive predictive value of 25% (given a prevalence of 12%). Model accuracy improved when reviews ranked highest by Yelp were utilized. Our results indicate that public health surveillance can be improved by using social media data to identify restaurants at high risk for health code violation. Additionally, using highly ranked Yelp reviews improves predictive power and limits the number of reviews needed to generate prediction. Use of this approach as an adjunct to current risk ranking of restaurants prior to inspection may enhance detection of those restaurants participating in high risk practices that may have gone previously undetected. This model represents a step forward in the integration of social media into meaningful public health interventions.

Use of the Social Cognitive Theory to Frame University Students’ Perceptions of Cheating

The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the perceptions related to ethics and cheating among a representative sample of primarily female undergraduate students, compared to trends reported in the literature. Focus groups were organized to discuss nine scripted questions. Transcripts and audiotapes were analyzed and four main themes emerged: demographics of those who cheat, students’ perceptions of cheating, the role of technology in cheating, and consequences of cheating, including students’ attitudes and behaviors related to reporting cheating incidents. Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) served as the theoretical framework to understand students’ varying perceptions of and justification for cheating, as well as the dynamics of honor code violations, via group discussion. Viewpoints on cheating were regularly discussed and contradictory views were identified related to frequency and justification for cheating. Utilizing the constant comparative method, students mentioned time limitations, and pressure from peers, parents, and professors as reasons to cheat. They also discussed pressures to achieve high grades for acceptance into graduate programs. Students were also reluctant to report their classmates for cheating incidents. Repeated and comprehensive education on ethical behavior is warranted.

High-Volume Accuracy: An Empirical Look at an Inquisitorial Experiment

Substantive justice is often seen as elusive in courts dominated by low-income individuals. Complex court rules, coupled with pervasive lack of counsel, can make it difficult for the traditional adversary process to identify and redress legitimate grievances. This Article takes on the social problem of substandard housing and examines whether inquisitorial procedure has the potential to produce accurate outcomes in a tribunal dominated by the unrepresented.Relying on in-court observations of nearly 300 hearings, and a longitudinal review of nearly 75 cases, this Article surfaces the regularized procedures utilized by a purported “problem-solving” housing court, and theorizes that the inquisitorial features of judicially controlled investigation and enforcement may motivate landlords to repair substantiated housing code violations. This Article adds nuance to our understanding of informal justice by identifying the hidden procedural formalisms that may guide alternative decision-making processes. Furthermore, it evaluates the relationship of one iteration of experimental formalism to substantive justice, and suggests that inquisitorial procedures may be correlated with improved accuracy in case outcomes.

Housing Abandonment and Demolition: Exploring the Use of Micro-Level and Multi-Year Models

Policies focusing on enforcing property code violations and the improvement of vacant properties are argued to be more efficacious than demolition policies to fight urban blight. This study applies parcel level data to a multi-year hybrid modeling structure. A fine-grained analysis is conducted on the dynamic patterns of abandonment and demolition for a unique period of four years before and after the City of Buffalo’s stepped-up demolition efforts. Results showed that proximity to vacant and abandoned properties, sustained over the years, had the greatest impact on the possibility of a property being abandoned. The second greatest positive impact on property abandonment was small lot front size. Results also showed that neighborhood vacancy density had the greatest negative impact on surrounding housing sales prices over the years. There was no significant impact of demolition on housing sales prices. These findings suggested that the City should aim to have more incentive programs that are tailored to control the number of vacant properties, rather than focusing primarily on demolition-oriented programs.

Authority of National Police Commission to Enhance The Professionalism of National Police of Indonesia

National Police Commission of Indonesia is regarded by many as an external oversight committee Indonesian National Police, although in reality this assumption wrong. National Police Commission is not an external police oversight commission. It is said not by the external oversight committee is not equipped with the authority to examine and investigate the perpetrators of violations of codes of conduct and abuse of authority other duties. The purpose of the research in this paper is first, to examine and analyze how the existence of the National Police Commission in terms of construction law as an external watchdog Indonesian National Police, second, to examine and analyze why the authority of the National Police Commission did not reflect the external oversight bodies Indonesian National Police, the third, to examine and analyze how forms of authority and duties that should be owned by the National Police Commission as an external watchdog Indonesian National Police. Contributions expected from this research are to enrich the knowledge and understanding to empower an organization, particularly the National Police Commission, related to the functions, duties and authority of the National Police Commission, especially in terms of authority to do inspections and investigations against police officers and the perpetrators of violations of the code of conduct abuse of authority other duties. Conclusion of the study explained that the absence of authority to inspect and conduct an investigation of police officers and the perpetrators of violations of ethics code violations authority other duties affect the effectiveness performance of duties as a watchdog function. National Police Commission is not able to check and investigate the police officers concerned. Keywords : professionalism, oversightor, external, authority, commission

The bold and the fearless among us: Elevated psychopathic traits and levels of anxiety and fear are associated with specific aberrant driving behaviors

In spite of the well-documented connection between personality traits like impulsivity, sensation seeking and fearlessness with aberrant driving behaviors, scarce research exists to examine the association between risky and aggressive driving and psychopathic characteristics, which encompass the above traits. The present investigation examines in two studies the association between specific sub-types of driving misconduct, i.e., unintentional mistakes and deliberate rule violations with psychopathic characteristics, with a focus on the role of levels of fear and anxiety in aberrant driving. Findings support the hypotheses that fearlessness, i.e., the bold, unemotional aspect of psychopathic traits, characterizes drivers who engage in frequent deliberate driving code violations, whereas the more impulsive/antisocial aspect of psychopathy, associated with higher levels of fear and anxiety, is more characteristic of drivers who engage in unintentional mistakes. Fearless features are also associated with higher self-reported driving misconduct and accidents. Study 2 conceptually replicated this finding by showing that mistakes are positively related to high sensitivity to punishment, while violations are negatively related to it. Findings are discussed in light of psychopathy theory and in relation to prevention and intervention.

Voter Reaction to Government Incompetence and Corruption Related to the 1999 Earthquakes in Turkey

Two major earthquakes which struck northwestern Turkey in 1999 exposed rampant corruption involving construction and zoning code violations. The government's relief efforts were tainted by corruption as well, and exhibited a great deal of incompetence. How voters responded to these in the next election held in 2002 is investigated. The fact that different group of parties were responsible for the construction of the shoddy buildings, and for the corruption and mismanagement related to relief, provided us with a unique opportunity to determine whether and how the electorate punished the culprits for each of these. Vote equations are estimated for the seven major political parties. These are fitted to cross-provincial data individually, using OLS, Robust Regression methods, and Seemingly Unrelated Regressions procedures. The same picture emerges from each of these methods. Not just those ruling at the time of the earthquakes, but also other parties which were in power when the substandard buildings, were built were held accountable by the electorate. Furthermore, the Turkish voters appear to have allocated the blame rationally, taking into consideration the division of labor in the central government, and the relative influences the parties had on local administrations. Reaction of the voters to government incompetence and corruption was one of the factors which resulted in the emergence of a new party system. In 2002, the AKP, established only a year before, captured almost all of the far-right Islamist, about half of the far-right nationalist, and more than half of the center-right votes in 2002.

Compliance Culture & Analyst Forecast Quality

This study examines the relationship between financial institutions’ integrity culture and analysts’ forecast accuracy. Integrity culture represents the extent to which norms and values within a financial institution promote high ethical standards and honesty. Using data collected from the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA), I measure the weakness of integrity culture in financial institutions based on security code violations arising in business areas unrelated to equity research. I find that FINRA violations are associated with lower quality forecasts, and that these results are robust to a host of alternative explanations, including poor internal controls, weak governance, and other cultural forces. Specifically, violations are associated with less accurate, more strategically biased and less informative earnings forecasts. This study sheds light on how cultural forces can influence the behavior of security analysts.

Lab Death Defense Cost $4.5 Million

The University of California paid $4.5 million to outside law firms to defend itself and UCLA chemistry professor Patrick Harran from felony charges of labor code violations relating to the death of a staff researcher. The numbers were released by the UC Office of the President in response to a public records request filed by C&EN. Researcher Sheharbano (Sheri) Sangji was using a syringe to transfer tert-butyllithium, which ignites spontaneously in air, when the plunger came out of the syringe barrel. Sangji was not wearing a flame-resistant lab coat, and her clothes caught fire. She died from her injuries on Jan. 16, 2009. She was 23 years old and had received her bachelor’s degree in chemistry from Pomona College in May 2008. The Los Angeles County District Attorney’s Office filed charges against UC and Harran on Dec. 27, 2011. The charges cited failure to correct unsafe workplace conditions and procedures ...

Housing code violation density associated with emergency department and hospital use by children with asthma.

Local agencies that enforce housing policies can partner with the health care system to target pediatric asthma care. These agencies retain data that can be used to pinpoint potential clusters of high asthma morbidity. We sought to assess whether the density of housing code violations in census tracts-the in-tract asthma-relevant violations (such as the presence of mold or cockroaches) divided by the number of housing units-was associated with population-level asthma morbidity and could be used to predict a hospitalized patient's risk of subsequent morbidity. We found that increased density in housing code violations was associated with population-level morbidity independent of poverty, and that the density explained 22percent of the variation in rates of asthma-related emergency department visits and hospitalizations. Children who had been hospitalized for asthma had 1.84 greater odds of a revisit to the emergency department or a rehospitalization within twelve months if they lived in the highest quartile of housing code violation tracts, compared to those living in the lowest quartile. Integrating housing and health data could highlight at-risk areas and patients for targeted interventions.

STUDI KRITIS MENGENAI KEWENANGAN DEWAN KEHORMATAN PENYELENGGARA PEMILU DALAM MENGAWAL ELECTORAL INTEGRITY DI INDONESIA

Honorary Council Election (DKPP) is considered very progressive because in less than two years from its inauguration, it has solved around 127 cases. However, there are several decisions made by DKPP which are controversial because they make decisions and give sanctions to not only violations of ethical codes, but also administrative sectors and conflicts related to general elections. The problems of this research are: first, what are the limits of DKPP’s authority in investigating and making decisions on ethical code violation during general election? Second, how is the relationship pattern among KPU (Election Supervisory Committee), Bawaslu (Election Watchdog), and DKPP which is based on electoral integrity in conducting general election? This research employed statute and conceptual approach as well as qualitative analysis. The findings show that: first, the limits of DKPP’s authority have been governed in the Constitution of Elections. DKPP only has authority to investigate and make decisions on the notions of ethical code violations which are done by election committee. Second, the pattern of the relationship among election committees in Indonesia has actually adopted the electoral integrity principles, but it will be better if DKPP, in doing its duties, does not overlap with the authority of other agencies or institutions so that they can work professionally.

Risk, Feasibility, and Cost Evaluation of a Prisoner Condom Access Pilot Program in One California State Prison.

This study evaluated the safety and security impact, feasibility, and cost of a program to provide condoms to inmates. A 1-year pilot study of wall-mounted condom dispensing machines in one California state prison compared pre- and post-intervention rates of penal code violations related to sexual misconduct, contraband, controlled substances, and violence. The rates of penal code violations were unchanged or decreased compared to the pre-pilot year. Discreetly located condom dispensers were vandalized less frequently than those in plain view (p < .05). Distributing condoms using the pilot model would cost less than $2 per inmate annually. Results suggest that the use of discreetly located dispensing machines is an acceptable, feasible, low-cost option to prevent the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases and poses no safety or security risk in a typical medium-security prison setting.

Impact of a Practical Training Program for Hospital Cleaning Staff on Prevention of Hospital Acquired Infection.

and maintaining temperatures, and deficiencies in maintenance of equipment. PROJECT: The CMS survey Results stressed the importance of training staff to prevent foodborne illnesses. Infection Prevention rounded with management daily in order to help identify areas of improvement, and offer guidance to management in an effort to better protect our patients, visitors, and staff from behaviors that could result in foodborne illnesses. They became certified food managers, assisted in the development of an audit tool, ensured proper maintenance of equipment, and providing “just in time” training on the federal and state food code. RESULTS: Critical food code violations were identified during the daily rounds. These findings prompted immediate process changes and staff education with ongoing monitoring and feedback to ensure retention and implementation of knowledge. Other interventions included more effective labeling, maintaining proper time and temperature controls, developing a pest control plan, and enhanced cleaning and sanitizing in nutrition services. LESSON LEARNED: Regular infection prevention rounding of Nutrition Services Departmentwill continue to ensure that the food products provided to our patients, visitors, and staff is safe to consume. By increasing the rounding and providing immediate intervention, with routine checks, the systematic approach to food preparation, service, and storage has improved, which creates a safer facility for patients and employees alike.

Maintaining Art-World Membership

In this article, we examine how a group of aging black artists, labeled The Florida Highwaymen, maintained membership in a self-taught art world. Based on fieldwork, interviews, and Web sites, we analyze how the artists constructed identities in ways that enabled them to continue benefiting from the art world, even when they appeared in violation of membership criteria or codes. Such identity work involved affiliating with the artist collective, aligning with the self-taught identity code, and denying and reframing code violations. Rather than adopting racist imagery employed by art-world insiders, they drew from color-blind tactics and cultural discourses to maintain membership in the self-taught art world, and their dignity. Our study demonstrates the usefulness of an identity work approach for the sociology of art worlds and has implications for exploring how people construct selves to maintain membership benefits in other social arenas.

Pharmacy educators’ experience and views on academic dishonesty

ObjectivesTo determine faculty experiences with and perceptions of academic dishonesty and if there are inconsistencies in interpretation and handling of such violations. MethodsFaculty members within two departments at a college of pharmacy were surveyed to collect their experiences with and perceptions of academic dishonesty. These faculty were also asked to interpret and respond to potential violations via hypothetical case scenarios. ResultsOf the 46 faculty members who participated in the survey, 75% reported having never experienced an Honor Code violation. Most respondents agreed that it is the responsibility of the faculty member to address every alleged Honor Code violation (95.3%) and that violations should be handled consistently (97.7%). Few respondents (34.9%) indicated that they have had adequate mentoring and training in handling situations of academic dishonesty. Most faculty respondents identified each hypothetical scenario as an Honor Code violation but reported a variety of methods to manage these potential violations. ConclusionsFaculty at one college of pharmacy, reported minimal academic dishonesty experience, but have congruent beliefs on what Honor Code violations are and how they should be handled. However, methods chosen for managing hypothetical and real violations varied widely. A uniform process for managing violations should be considered to reduce academic dishonesty in pharmacy education.

Flexible access control for javascript

Providing security guarantees for systems built out of untrusted components requires the ability to define and enforce access control policies over untrusted code. In Web 2.0 applications, JavaScript code from different origins is often combined on a single page, leading to well-known vulnerabilities. We present a security infrastructure which allows users and content providers to specify access control policies over subsets of a JavaScript program by leveraging the concept of delimited histories with revocation. We implement our proposal in WebKit and evaluate it with three policies on 50 widely used websites with no changes to their JavaScript code and report performance overheads and violations.

Inspection of I-Joists in Residential Construction

AbstractI-joists may be used as floor joist and roof-rafter members in residential construction but require different installation practices compared with solid-sawn lumber because of I-joist geometry and design. The building codes in this paper contain clear specifications for the installation of sawn-lumber products. Because I-joists are proprietary and installation requirements vary by brand, manufacturer literature is incorporated by reference into the building codes discussed herein. The engineered and proprietary nature of I-joists may be unfamiliar to carpenters and other trade professionals, resulting in installation errors. I-joist installations that do not comply with manufacturer specifications are considered code violations. Through use of the Delphi method, an expert-validated inspection methodology was developed by interviewing code officials, home inspectors, and engineered-wood-product manufacturers. This paper summarizes the results, including best practices for inspection methods and I-j...

Development of a Methodology for the Visual Inspection of Engineered Wood Products and Metal Hangers in Residential Construction

This paper presents the development of a visual inspection methodology for engineered wood products that are commonly used in residential construction in the USA. Engineered wood products include wood composite structural elements such as I-joists, oriented strand board, and structural composite lumber products, and metal plate connected wood trusses. Due to the proprietary nature of wood composite engineered products, there are no uniform standards between different manufacturers for installation and use. If improper installation methods are used, engineered wood products may not be able to safely carry design loads. Improper use or modifications constitute prescriptive code violations. Construction errors that result from the unique installation requirements demonstrate the need for specific inspection methods to detect installation errors early in the construction process. The goal of this research is to develop an expert-validated visual inspection methodology, associated knowledge base, and software application for selected engineered wood products and hanger hardware for non-compliance at the pre-drywall stage of new residential construction. A modified Delphi method was used to solicit and refine inspection methods from subject matter experts. Based on these results, an inspection method and computer software application were developed. The method establishes a systematic expert-validated inspection procedure that identifies known high-risk areas for installation problems for engineered wood products. The software contains the instructions for implementing the inspection method, a reference library of authoritative installation guidelines and illustrations, the ability to document observed defects, and a vehicle to create a report. The experts validated the method and software application, and confirmed the usefulness for detecting construction errors.

An Empirical Evaluation of the US Beer Institute’s Self-Regulation Code Governing the Content of Beer Advertising

We evaluated advertising code violations using the US Beer Institute guidelines for responsible advertising. We applied the Delphi rating technique to all beer ads (n = 289) broadcast in national markets between 1999 and 2008 during the National Collegiate Athletic Association basketball tournament games. Fifteen public health professionals completed ratings using quantitative scales measuring the content of alcohol advertisements (e.g., perceived actor age, portrayal of excessive drinking) according to 1997 and 2006 versions of the Beer Institute Code. Depending on the code version, exclusion criteria, and scoring method, expert raters found that between 35% and 74% of the ads had code violations. There were significant differences among producers in the frequency with which ads with violations were broadcast, but not in the proportions of unique ads with violations. Guidelines most likely to be violated included the association of beer drinking with social success and the use of content appealing to persons younger than 21 years. The alcohol industry's current self-regulatory framework is ineffective at preventing content violations but could be improved by the use of new rating procedures designed to better detect content code violations.