Coding Strategy Research Articles

Impact of Dual Coding Strategy to Enhance Students’ Retention of Scientific Concepts in Middle Schools

Impact of Dual Coding Strategy to Enhance Students’ Retention of Scientific Concepts in Middle Schools

Optimizing Water-Light Complementary Systems for the Complex Terrain of the Southwestern China Plateau Region: A Two-Layer Model Approach

This study aimed to optimize the real-time, short-term dispatch of water-light complementary systems in plateau areas. A two-layer nested improved particle swarm optimization-stepwise optimization algorithm trial (IPSO-SOAT) model was devised to address the challenges posed by the intermittent, volatile, and random characteristics of renewable energy, leading to difficulties in renewable energy consumption and severe power cuts. The model, was employed to optimize the load distribution of complementary system power stations. The outer layer of the model employs an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm to introduce uncertainty and enhance prediction accuracy. Additionally, regional optimization and robust optimization were incorporated to improve prediction reliability. The objective function was aimed at minimizing the residual load variance. The inner layer of the model employs a stepwise optimization algorithm, coupled with a two-dimensional coding strategy for the hydropower unit, to optimize the operating status of the hydropower station unit. The objective function in this layer minimizes flow consumption. A water-light complementary system was comprehensively analyzed in the context of the southwestern plateau region, considering the complex terrain characteristics. By comparing three scenarios, the superiority and flexibility of the two-level nested model were visualized. The proposed double-layer nesting model minimizes energy and natural resource consumption while ensuring sustainability, resulting in a reduction of 15,644.265 tons of carbon dioxide emissions per year. This technological innovation makes a significant contribution to sustainable development.

INCONSISTENT AND UNPREPARED: HOW FAMILY CAREGIVERS AND OLDER ADULTS EXPERIENCE HOSPITAL DISCHARGE

Abstract Family caregivers and older adult patients report confusion, inconsistency, and a lack of preparation for post-discharge activities after a hospital stay, leading to hospital readmissions. This multi-disciplinary research project investigated how family caregivers, older adult patients, and hospital clinical and administrative staff experienced the hospital discharge process at a midwestern hospital system. The research team brought together expertise in community-engaged research and bridged multiple specializations, including personal family caregiver experience, community service expertise, community engaged research leadership, and instruction of medical students and social work students. Together, we conducted semi-structured interviews with family caregiver, older adult patients, and hospital personnel via video conference and telephone. We analyzed the data using open coding strategies and principles of thematic analysis. Themes included the importance of the timing of discharge planning, communication between all systems and individuals included in the discharge process, a lack of clarity regarding the roles in the process, inconsistent identification of the family caregiver, conflicting priorities, and the impact of medication errors. Implications are (1) each organization within the older adult/family caregiver system must determine their role in the post discharge process including the type of services and resources that support older adults and family caregivers and (2) the current system of healthcare, public sector, and community must determine how to adapt and change to support older adults and their family caregivers during the post-discharge period.

Asymmetric coding of reward prediction errors in human insula and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex

The signed value and unsigned salience of reward prediction errors (RPEs) are critical to understanding reinforcement learning (RL) and cognitive control. Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dMPFC) and insula (INS) are key regions for integrating reward and surprise information, but conflicting evidence for both signed and unsigned activity has led to multiple proposals for the nature of RPE representations in these brain areas. Recently developed RL models allow neurons to respond differently to positive and negative RPEs. Here, we use intracranially recorded high frequency activity (HFA) to test whether this flexible asymmetric coding strategy captures RPE coding diversity in human INS and dMPFC. At the region level, we found a bias towards positive RPEs in both areas which paralleled behavioral adaptation. At the local level, we found spatially interleaved neural populations responding to unsigned RPE salience and valence-specific positive and negative RPEs. Furthermore, directional connectivity estimates revealed a leading role of INS in communicating positive and unsigned RPEs to dMPFC. These findings support asymmetric coding across distinct but intermingled neural populations as a core principle of RPE processing and inform theories of the role of dMPFC and INS in RL and cognitive control.

Microstructured Polyelectrolyte Elastomer-Based Ionotronic Sensors with High Sensitivities and Excellent Stability for Artificial Skins.

High-performance flexible pressure sensors are highly demanded for artificial tactile sensing. Using ionic conductors as the dielectric layer has enabled ionotronic pressure sensors with high sensitivities owing to giant capacitance of the electric double layer (EDL) formed at the ionic conductor/electronic conductor interface. However, conventional ionotronic sensors suffer from leakage, which greatly hinders long-term stability and practical applications. Herein, a leakage-free polyelectrolyte elastomer as the dielectric layer for ionotronic sensors is synthesized. The mechanical and electrical properties of the polyelectrolyte elastomer are optimized, a micropyramid array is constructed, and it is used as the dielectric layer for an ionotronic pressure sensor with marked performances. The obtained sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 69.6 kPa-1 , a high upper detecting limit on the order of 1MPa, a fast response/recovery speed of ≈6ms, and excellent stability under both static and dynamic loads. Notably, the sensor retains a high sensitivity of 4.96 kPa-1 at 500kPa, and its broad sensing range within high-pressure realm enables a brand-new coding strategy. The applications of the sensor as a wearable keyboard and a quasicontinuous controller for a robotic arm are demonstrated. Durable and highly sensitive ionotronic sensors potentialize high-performance artificial skins for soft robots, human-machine interfaces, and beyond.

Fast 3D reconstruction via event-based structured light with spatio-temporal coding.

Event-based structured light (SL) systems leverage bio-inspired event cameras, which are renowned for their low latency and high dynamics, to drive progress in high-speed structured light systems. However, existing event-based structured light methods concentrate on the independent construction of either time-domain or space-domain features for stereo matching, ignoring the spatio-temporal consistency towards depth. In this work, we build an event-based SL system that consists of a laser point projector and an event camera, and we devise a spatial-temporal coding strategy that realizes depth encoding in dual domains through a single shot. To exploit the spatio-temporal synergy, we further present STEM, a novel Spatio-Temporal Enhanced Matching approach for 3D reconstruction. STEM is comprised of two parts, the spatio-temporal enhancing (STE) algorithm and the spatio-temporal matching (STM) algorithm. Specifically, STE integrates the dual-domain information to increase the saliency of the temporal coding, providing a more robust basis for matching. STM is a stereo matching algorithm explicitly tailored to the unique characteristics of event data modality, which computes the disparity via a meticulously designed hybrid cost function. Experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of our proposed method, achieving a reconstruction rate of 16 fps and a low root mean square error of 0.56 mm at a distance of 0.72 m.

Nephrological Complications in Hemoglobinopathies: SITE Good Practice

Background. Hemoglobinopathies, among which thalassemic syndromes (transfusion-dependent and non-transfusion dependent thalassemias) and sickle cell disease (SCD), are the most widespread monogenic diseases worldwide. Hemoglobinopathies are endemic and spread-out all-over Italy, as result of internal and external migration flows. Nowadays, the increase therapeutic options associated to the general aging of patients with hemoglobinopathies related to the improvement in clinical management, contribute to the abnormalities in kidney function going from blood and urine test alterations to chronic kidney disease and end stage renal disease. Methods. Here, we carried out a revision of the literature as panel of recognized experts in hemoglobinopathies with the consultancy and the revision of two nephrologists on kidney alteration and kidney disease in patients with TDT, NTDT and SCD. This is part of the action of the Italian society for the study of thalassemia and hemoglobinopties (SITE). The purpose of this “good practice (GP)” is to provide recommendations for follow-up and therapy for the management of kidney alterations in patients with TDT, NTDT and SCD. The literature review covers the period 1.1.2016 to 31.12.2022. In consideration of the rarity of these diseases, the analysis was extended from 5 to 7 years. Moreover, in the absence of relevant scientific papers in the identified time frame, we referred to pivotal or population studies, when available. Finally, in the absence of evidence-based data from prospective and randomized trials, the authors had to refer to expert opinion (expert consensus) for many topics. Results. We generated question and answer boxes to offer a friendly consultation, using color code strategy and focused answers. Conclusions. The present GP will help in improving the clinical management, and the quality of care of patients with hemoglobinopathies.

Split Inalienable Coding in the East Bird's Head Family

Abstract: This paper discusses the diachrony of inalienable possessive constructions in East Bird's Head, a small Papuan family of the Bird's Head peninsula in northwest New Guinea. In particular, it focuses on a phenomenon known as Split Inalienable Coding, in which a language has two or more possessive coding strategies closely or exclusively associated with the expression of inalienable possession. Based on the available data, Split Inalienable Coding can be reconstructed to the proto-Meax branch of East Bird's Head, but not to proto-East Bird's Head itself. It is argued that Split Inalienable Coding was innovated in pre-proto-Meax, and had begun to erode in proto-Meax; after the divergence of the Meax branch, further changes in the daughter languages have obscured the original system of Split Inalienable Coding. As Split Inalienable Coding is found in other neighboring yet unrelated languages, the role of contact in the development of Split Inalienable Coding in pre-proto-Meax is also discussed. From the present-day distribution, it is inferred that Split Inalienable Coding first developed in an Austronesian/Papuan contact zone in the east of the Bird's Head, before spreading to other nearby Austronesian languages.

Simulating strong gravity-lensing effect using python with 10 source and 20 lensing galaxies

This report explores using Python, a coding language, to create simulated images of a gravitational lens system, using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) parameters. With Pythons helpful tools, like NumPy for math operations and Astropy for astronomy tasks, we build algorithms that recreate the interactions within our chosen group of galaxies and take into account HSTs unique imaging capabilities. Our method combines theory of gravitational lensing with practical coding strategies to make simulations show these complex light-bending interactions. The report walks through how the algorithms are developed with specific scientific simulation models like Sersic profile and point-spread function (PSF), showcasing the important role of computer simulations in deepening our understanding of space. In this report, I will introduce how we can use python code to create simulation images of a gravitational lens system. This system involves with 10 source galaxies ,20 lensing galaxies and with consideration of dark matter halo.

Disability and Belonging in an Inclusive Christian Faith Community

Abstract The voices of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are underrepresented in research examining their participation in faith communities. This qualitative case study examined the participation of people with ASD (autism spectrum disorder, a type of IDD) in one intentionally inclusive Christian faith community with a primary focus on the perceptions of faith community members with disabilities. This community was unique in its theological stance toward inclusion and in the steps the community had already taken to be inclusive. We conducted two types of interviews (in-depth individual and PhotoVoice) with people with severe and moderate disabilities who were active in the community to explore their perceptions of participation and belonging in the community. We supported interview data with field observations and a document review. We prioritized the voices of people with disabilities by using in-vivo coding strategies based on their words and used thematic analysis across data sources. Three primary themes emerged from this analysis including: Leadership, relationships, and traditions and routines. The implications of this study include suggestions to support authentic participation of people with IDD in faith community settings, implications for research with people with IDD in these settings.

What evidence exists on the impact of climate change on real estate valuation? A systematic map protocol

BackgroundAs natural disasters increase in both frequency and magnitude because of climate change, assets, such as buildings and infrastructure, are exposed to physical climate risk. In addition, as our societies transition towards a greener economy, the transitional climate risk will manifest itself in different forms: reputational issues, market solutions that may drive out those that do not comply, technological disruptions and policy initiatives. How both risks, physical and transitional, impact the economic value of real estate assets is not well understood and will be investigated as the main scope of this systematic map.Methodwe use systematic mapping to collate and configure existing evidence on how climate risk has affected the economic value of real estate assets. After designing a search string, English language peer-reviewed publications will be retrieved from the two largest and most popular scientific research databases, as well as a database containing policy documents. This corpus will be tested for comprehensiveness using a benchmark of 50 highly relevant articles. Once the comprehensiveness test is passed, a consistency test will be carried out on the screening of a randomly selected list of 200 articles by three reviewers. If a kappa score of at least 0.6 is achieved, one of the reviewers will carry out the remainder of the screening, with another reviewer quality assuring 10% of the screening. The retained corpus will then be distributed over the three reviewers, who will carry out the extraction of metadata according to an agreed coding strategy. The final output of the coding will consist of a heat map, showcasing where substantial evidence is available, and research gaps, providing recommendations for further research. In addition, the results will provide insight into the methodology to quantify the impact of climate risk on real estate value. Figures and tables will be designed to make it easy to comprehend the results of the mapping.

Rapid and signal crowdedness-robust in situ sequencing through hybrid block coding.

Spatial transcriptomics technology has revolutionized our understanding of cell types and tissue organization, opening possibilities for researchers to explore transcript distributions at subcellular levels. However, existing methods have limitations in resolution, sensitivity, or speed. To overcome these challenges, we introduce SPRINTseq (Spatially Resolved and signal-diluted Next-generation Targeted sequencing), an innovative in situ sequencing strategy that combines hybrid block coding and molecular dilution strategies. Our method enables fast and sensitive high-resolution data acquisition, as demonstrated by recovering over 142 million transcripts using a 108-gene panel from 453,843 cells from four mouse brain coronal slices in less than 2 d. Using this advanced technology, we uncover the cellular and subcellular molecular architecture of Alzheimer's disease, providing additional information into abnormal cellular behaviors and their subcellular mRNA distribution. This improved spatial transcriptomics technology holds great promise for exploring complex biological processes and disease mechanisms.

Improved Cauchy Reed-Solomon Codes for Cloud Data Retrieval and Secured Data Storage using Role-Based Cryptographic Access and forensic investigation

Doling out client consent strategies to PC frameworks presents a huge test in guaranteeing legitimate approval, especially with the development of open frameworks and scattered stages like the cloud. RBAC has turned into a broadly involved strategy in cloud server applications because of its versatility. Granting access to cloud-stored data for investigating potential wrongdoings is crucial in computer forensic investigations. In cases where the cloud service provider's reliability is questionable, maintaining data confidentiality and establishing an efficient procedure for revoking access upon credential expiration is essential. As storage systems expand across vast networks, frequent component failures require stronger fault tolerance measures. Our work secure data-sharing system combines role (Authorized) based access control and AES encryption technology to provide safe key distribution and data sharing for dynamic groups. Data recovery entails protecting data dispersed over distributed systems by storing duplicate data and applying the erasure code technique. Erasure coding strategies, like Reed-Solomon codes, guarantee disc failure robustness while cutting down on data storage expenses dramatically. They do, however, also result in longer access times and more expensive repairs. Consequently, there has been a great deal of interest in academic and business circles for the investigation of novel coding strategies for cloud storage systems. The objective of this study is to present a novel coding method that utilizes the intricate Cauchy matrix in order to improve Reed-Solomon coding efficiency and strengthen fault tolerance.

Performance analysis of versatile video coding for encoding phase-only hologram videos.

In recent decades, holographic technology has made significant progress with the development of novel hologram generation methods and three-dimensional rendering devices. Nevertheless, the substantial size of holographic data presents a significant challenge to its practical applications and thus necessitates the implementation of an efficient coding solution. In this study, we evaluate the efficiency of various coding tools within the state-of-the-art video coding standard, Versatile Video Coding, for encoding video of computer-generated phase-only hologram. Specifically, we examine the coding performance of transform/in-loop filter/screen-content coding tools. Through extensive encoding experiments and various statistical analyses, we investigated the limitations of existing standard codecs that do not account for the unique signal characteristics of phase-only holograms (POHs). The effects of coding artifacts on the visual quality of numerical reconstructions rendered from compressed POHs are also analyzed in detail. These comprehensive performance evaluations will provide valuable insights for developing efficient coding strategies for POH videos.

“As safe as possible”: a qualitative study of opioid withdrawal and risk behavior among people who use illegal opioids

BackgroundOpioid withdrawal is a regular occurrence among many people who use illicit opioids (PWUIO) that has also been shown to increase their willingness to engage in risk-involved behavior. The proliferation of fentanyl in the illicit opioid market may have amplified this relationship, potentially putting PWUIO at greater risk of negative health outcomes. Understanding the relationship between withdrawal and risk-involved behavior may also have important implications for the ways that problematic drug use is conceptualized, particularly in disease models of addiction, which position risk behavior as evidence of pathology that helps to justify ontological distinctions between addicts and non-addicts. Examining withdrawal, and its role in PWUIO’s willingness to engage in risk, may aid in the development of alternative theories of risk involvement and create discursive spaces for de-medicalizing and de-othering people who use illegal drugs.MethodsThis article is based on 32 semi-structured interviews with PWUIO in the New York City area who also reported recent withdrawal experience. Interviews were conducted remotely between April and August 2022 and recorded for later transcription. Data were then coded and analyzed based on a combination of inductive and deductive coding strategies and informed by the literature.ResultsParticipants described a strong relationship between withdrawal and their willingness to engage in risk-involved behavior that was exacerbated by the proliferation of fentanyl. Yet, their descriptions did not align with narratives of risk as a product of bad decisions made by individuals. Rather, data demonstrated the substantial role of social and structural context, particularly drug policies like prohibition and criminalization, in the kinds of risks that PWUIO faced and their ability to respond to them.ConclusionsWithdrawal should be taken more seriously both from an ethical perspective and as an important catalyst of risk behavior. However, theories that position activities taken to avoid withdrawal as irrational and as evidence of pathology are poorly aligned with the complexity of PWUIO’s actual lives. We recommend the use of less deterministic and less medicalized theories of risk that better account for differences between how people view the world, and for the role of socio-structural forces in the production of risk.

When the alienability contrast fails to surface in adnominal possession: bound nouns in Harakmbut

Abstract This article investigates the nature and behavior of independent, bound and deverbal nouns at various levels of linguistic organization in Harakmbut (isolate, Peru), and assesses the explanatory potential of the alienability contrast for the data observed. While the distinction between bound and independent nouns is to a great extent motivated by the conceptual distinction between inalienably and alienably possessed items, the behavior of bound and independent nouns in adnominal possession is not. Whereas independent (and deverbal) nouns use a genitive-marked two-word construction, bound nouns can use the same one, when keeping their noun prefix, or they can use a genitive-marked one-word construction, in which they drop their prefix. It is thus argued that there is no alienability split in adnominal possession, that is, there is no coding split according to which bound nouns behave fully differently from independent nouns. This is supported by the finding that bound nouns (unlike independent and deverbal ones) also show the same choice between a two-word and a one-word coding strategy in non-possessive adnominal modification. In noun-noun compounding, the data merely reveal different preferences of bound and independent nouns for the N1 versus N2 position; here deverbal nouns behave identically to bound nouns in dropping their prefix in N2. In noun incorporation, finally, the relevance of the alienability contrast is similar to that for the two-way noun class system. Inalienable semantics (and morphological boundness) could be argued to determine the incorporability of nouns, but there are also exceptions.

Latin America and the Caribbean Code Against Cancer 1st Edition: 17 cancer prevention recommendations to the public and to policy-makers (World Code Against Cancer Framework)

Preventable risk factors are responsible of at least 40% of cases and almost 45% of all cancer deaths worldwide. Cancer is already the leading cause of death in almost half of the Latin American and the Caribbean countries constituting a public health problem. Cost-effective measures to reduce exposures through primary prevention and screening of certain types of cancers are critical in the fight against cancer but need to be tailored to the local needs and scenarios. The Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) Code Against Cancer, 1st edition, consists of 17 evidence-based recommendations for the general public, based on the most recent solid evidence on lifestyle, environmental, occupational, and infectious risk factors, and medical interventions. Each recommendation is accompanied by recommendations for policymakers to guide governments establishing the infrastructure needed to enable the public adopting the recommendations. The LAC Code Against Cancer has been developed in a collaborative effort by a large number of experts from the region, under the umbrella strategy and authoritative methodology of the World Code Against Cancer Framework. The Code is a structured instrument ideal for cancer prevention and control that aims to raise awareness and educate the public, while building capacity and competencies to policymakers, health professionals, stakeholders, to contribute to reduce the burden of cancer in LAC.

Learning From Coding Features: High Efficiency Rate Control for AOMedia Video 1

Rate control, which typically includes bit allocation and quantization parameter (QP) determination, plays an important role in real-world video coding applications. In this paper, we propose a novel rate control scheme for AOMedia Video 1 (AV1) which enjoys adaptive bit allocation and effective QP determination. In particular, two supporting vector regression (SVR) models are learned for the hierarchical bit allocation and frame-level parameter estimation. To train the models, the multi-pass coding strategy is utilized for training data acquisition. Compared to the default scheme in AV1 and the state-of-the-art method, the proposed rate control scheme achieves superior performance in terms of bitrate accuracy and coding efficiency.

Network Coding for Efficient File Transfer in Narrowband Environments

Achieving efficient end-to-end file transfer is challenging in a narrow-band communication environment with high latency and high packet loss rate. The traditional TCP-based scheme and the UDP-based automatic retransmission scheme have defects in the transmission performance, which cannot meet the increasing user demands. This paper proposes a high-efficiency file transfer scheme based on random linear network coding and the Kalman filtering algorithm to implement efficient end-to-end file transfer in narrow-band environment. The scheme predicts the link quality of file transmission through the Kalman filter algorithm and designs an adaptive coding strategy for file transfer through random linear network coding. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms traditional file transfer schemes.

Split Inalienable Coding in linguistic Wallacea: typology, origins, spread

AbstractThis paper is a typological survey of inalienable possessive constructions in the linguistic area of Wallacea and its surrounds. In a sample of 189 Austronesian and non-Austronesian languages, 13 have a phenomenon not previously recognised in the theoretical or typological literature: Split Inalienable Coding (SIC), whereby a language has two or more possessive coding strategies that are closely or exclusively associated with expressing inalienable possession. This paper focusses on semantically conditioned splits, where minimally one strategy encodes the possession of body parts, and another the possession of kin terms. Geographically, all of the sampled languages with semantic SIC are located in Wallacea; special attention is therefore given to the development of split inalienables in this region. In most of these languages, SIC has developed very recently. I argue that there have been multiple causes of SIC: Austronesian languages are predisposed to develop SIC, due to the inheritance of a structurally defined class of kin terms that favours the distinction; and contact has also played a role in Northwest New Guinea, with SIC diffusing both across and within genealogical groupings.