Selective Coding Research Articles

The Role of Corporate Communication in Image Penetration through Podcast Media

In the era of society 5.0, Indonesia and the world are experiencing developments in all fields, especially technology, information, and global competition. It takes hard work from the corporate communication division so that the company has a clear identity that can make it different from similar companies in order to form a good image that stands out. The purpose of this research is to represent BRI's Corporate Communication strategy in shaping its image through podcast media. This research is a descriptive qualitative research with data collection techniques conducted through structured interviews, with guidelines for conducting research virtually through Google Meet, Zoom or Video call and WhatsApp text connection. In selecting informants using purposive sampling technique in determining research subjects. The research instrument used is a list of questions and data analysis techniques using open coding to selective coding which will draw conclusions from these results. In planning a Corporate Communication activity, the author also uses the RACE model from John Marston. The results showed that the penetration of BRI's new image through the BRI Office Break podcast program broadcast on Youtube was considered quite successful. The conclusion of this research: up to the 10th episode of the BRI Office Break Podcast has successfully portrayed BRI's new image, customers and non-customers view BRI as a sophisticated and modern bank, no longer old-fashioned or conventional.

Abordagem da teoria fundamentada: revelando novas perspectivas sobre a participação em esportes por meio da realização de eventos no Irã

AbstractObjective of the Study: This research aims to examine the impact of hosting sports events on Iranian society, seeking to establish a correlation between event hosting and sports participation across diverse demographic segments.Methodology: Employing a qualitative approach, this study conducted semi-structured interviews with 12 experts. The interview questions were meticulously designed to address the central research question comprehensively. Grounded theory analysis, involving open coding, axial coding, and selective coding, was applied to the collected data, ensuring a thorough exploration of emerging concepts and themes. Originality/Relevance: This research is distinctive in its approach by not delineating boundaries, instead aiming to comprehensively explore the effects of hosting sports events on all segments of the Iranian population. Despite recent political constraints limiting Iran's ability to host major international events, the study critically evaluates the significance of such occurrences and elucidates missed opportunities for societal advancement. The study's focus on diverse demographic segments and its exploration of causal, contextual, and intervening factors contribute to its originality and relevance.Main Results: The study unfolds a nuanced interplay of social, cultural, techno-managerial, legal, economical, and socio-cultural factors, shedding light on the multifaceted relationship between event hosting and sports participation. While recognizing the significance of regular physical activity in promoting overall health, the main results highlight the motivational impact of sports events on individuals' increased physical engagement.Theoretical/Methodological Contributions: The research makes theoretical contributions by developing a coherent framework grounded in the qualitative data, explaining the complex relationship between sports events and sports engagement.

Post-pandemic motivations for consumers’ e-retailer preference in an emerging market: a qualitative approach

Purpose This paper aims to explore consumers’ post-pandemic (COVID-19) motivations for an e-retailer preference in an emerging market like India. Design/methodology/approach This study applied qualitative methodology to explore the research question, and 44 in-depth interviews were conducted with online consumers. The interviews were transcribed and analysed using open, axial and selective coding strategies. Findings This study identified seven post-pandemic motivations for consumers’ e-retailer preference, and the motivations were classified into: utilitarian (remote location and fast delivery, product choice and availability, comparative price and discounts and customer service), hedonic (aesthetics of the e-retailer store) and both utilitarian and hedonic (mobile-friendliness and user interface and interactivity). Research limitations/implications Creating knowledge post-pandemic period is essential. This study communicates empirical evidence to suggest consumers are motivated through both utilitarian and hedonic motivation for an e-retailer preference in an emerging market. Furthermore, the researchers are encouraged to collect data from more developing countries and test the proposed e-retailer preference factors. Practical implications The study offers new knowledge to online retail managers to understand how emerging market consumers prefer an e-retailer and strive to attract and retain customers in the market. Originality/value Past studies have highlighted the importance of consumer online shopping motivations and channel preferences. However, there is limited literature investigating how consumers prefer an e-retailer over other e-retailers for online shopping. This study addresses the gap in the existing retailing literature and offers fresh insights into how consumers prefer an e-retailer post-pandemic from an emerging market context.

Teachers’ perception on physical activity promotion in kindergarten children in China: a qualitative study connecting social-ecological model

BackgroundGlobally, the majority of kindergarten-aged children face obesity issues and insufficient physical activity (PA) engagement. Regular PA participation can provide various health benefits, including obesity reduction, for kindergarten-aged children. However, limited studies have investigated the factors influencing kindergarten-aged children’s PA engagement from the perspective of their teachers. This qualitative study aimed to identify factors that could help promote PA among kindergarten-aged children from teachers’ perspectives, including facilitators, barriers, and teachers’ recommendations.MethodsFifteen kindergarten teachers (age range: 28–50 years; mean age: 38.53 years) with teaching experience ranging from 2 to 31 years (mean: 16.27 years) were recruited from Shanghai municipality, Henan, and Jiangsu provinces in China. One-on-one semi-structured interviews were conducted via face-to-face (n = 7) or telephone (n = 8) to gather insights into factors influencing PA promotion among kindergarten-aged children. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using a constant comparison approach based on grounded theory, which involved open, axial, and selective coding processes.ResultsThe study revealed mutual theoretical support between themes and the social-ecological model (SEM), as factors identified in the study are distributed at various levels of the SEM. Twelve factors were identified at four levels of the SEM: (1) intrapersonal level (children’s personality and skills), (2) interpersonal level (family, peers, and teachers influence), (3) organizational level (school environment and resources, opportunities for kindergarten teachers’ training and children’s PA, design and organization of PA, and PA that children need), (4) community level (family-school partnerships).ConclusionVarious factors at different levels can influence kindergarten-aged children’s PA. The study’s findings revealed that these factors are distributed across the first four levels of SEM, with the majority being at the organizational level. These multilevel findings are expected to assist in developing and implementing more effective PA interventions for kindergarten-aged children. Future research is warranted to identify strategies for promoting PA among kindergarten-aged children at the policy level of the SEM.

Two decades of research on “masstige” marketing: A systematic literature review and future research agenda

AbstractIn the 21st century, luxury marketing increasingly utilizes “masstige marketing” as a strategic approach. This approach combines luxury and mass brands and targets middle‐class consumers with an aim to make high‐end brands more accessible and affordable. However, despite a surge in research interest over the past two decades, the literature on masstige marketing remains scattered. Therefore, the present moment offers an appropriate time to consolidate the existing literature and lay the groundwork for future researchers. To achieve this aim, this paper endeavors to narrow the literature divide between luxury and affordability to establish a strong conceptual boundary using SPAR‐4 protocol and the TCCM approach. It thoroughly examines 75 papers published between 2003 and 2023 to identify critical research gaps. Furthermore, following manual coding and inductive analysis, the review outlines the theoretical perspective like masstige and bandwagon (Theory); identifies the contextual elements like B2B space and culture (Context); reveals the antecedents, gaps, and outcome variables, that is, CBBE and purchase intention (Characteristics); and suggest diverse approaches, that is, mixed and experimental methods (Methodology). The article also confirms the incorporation of themes, that is, value‐based and masstige‐evolution dimensions, by using Corbin and Strauss open, axial, and selective coding. Lastly, by employing in‐depth knowledge gap analysis, the review proposes future research directions as an efficient path for obtaining a holistic understanding of masstige marketing dynamics.

How do undergraduate nursing students learn to care for families and informal caregivers? A qualitative study with a grounded theory approach

BackgroundNurses play a crucial role in caring for families of ill individuals in care, requiring high-quality relational and communication skills to care for them. Yet these skills remain underutilized, leading to reported issues of inadequate inclusion and communication. Education is crucial to enhance nurses' competencies in caring for families and informal caregivers. AimTo explore the learning process of undergraduate nursing students to care for families and informal caregivers. DesignQualitative study with a grounded theory approach. SettingsBachelor's degree in nursing from two off-sites of a university and four local health units collaborating with the university in North Italy. Participants15 undergraduate nursing students, 10 nurse preceptors, and 10 nurse clinical teachers. MethodsWe adopted initial and theoretical sampling and conducted semi-structured interviews from December 2023 to January 2024, lasting 16 to 62 min. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed through open, selective, and theoretical coding. ResultsWe developed a theory of learning for undergraduate nursing students in caring for families and informal caregivers, comprising two themes, “Learning areas” and “Learning antecedents,” and nine categories. Learning areas involve five stages of learning to care for families and informal caregivers and the most frequent opportunities to interact with families and informal caregivers. The five stages are “Seeing and considering families and informal caregivers”, “Assessing the families' and informal caregivers' needs and resources”, “Preparing for and planning intervention with families and informal caregivers”, “Acting with families and informal caregivers”, “Reflecting on the intervention with families and informal caregivers”. Learning antecedents encompass student characteristics, interpersonal relationships, and the clinical training setting. ConclusionsIn this study, we delineate a five-stage learning process for undergraduate nursing students to care for families and informal caregivers, influenced by individual, interpersonal, and contextual factors. We emphasised the importance of relational skill development, tailored learning experiences, and supportive mentorship in enhancing students' preparedness to engage with and support families in healthcare settings. The developed theory provides a foundational framework for designing educational interventions to optimise nursing students' capacities in this domain.

Peran Perbankan Syariah dalam Mengimplementasikan Keuangan

This study aimed to analyze the role of islamic banks in implementing financial inclusion in Indonesia. Financial inclusion is a process to provide formal financial access for the poor and low income people (unbankable people). This study was designed which approached qualitatively and quantitatively (mixed research). The qualitative data analyzed by using Straruss and Corbin’s theory consisted three major steps: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. Quantitative analyzed by using comparative analysis of financial statements and financial ratio analysis such as CAR, ROA, ROE, NPF, and FDR period of 2010-2014. This study proved that Islamic banking had great potential in implementing financial inclusion, it was indicated by a significant increase in funding and financing since 2010-2014 and results of financial ratio analysis also shows the performance of Islamic banking and financial condition is good.

The growth of nursing professional values - A grounded theory.

The formation of nursing professional values is crucial to the development of the nursing profession, but it is influenced by various factors. The process of shaping nursing professional values in different growth contexts has been overlooked. In order to establish professional values in the context of Chinese nursing, it is necessary to investigate the evolution of nursing professional values throughout history. To develop a theory of professional values growth from a nursing context. Design: This study adopted a grounded theory approach from Strauss and Corbin. From November 2021 to March 2022, a total of 33 participants were included. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview over telephone or online or face to face and were analysed using open, axial, and selective coding, with the help of MAXQDA 2020. The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the China Medical University. All participants signed the informed consent and agreed to be interviewed before the study. The study has developed a theoretical construct of nursing professional values growth that consists of five dimensions: key aspects, decisive opportunities, drivers, embodiment, and shaping outcomes. And key aspects include four subcategories (the initial stage, the consciousness stage, the core stage, and the action stage). Decisive opportunities come from organisations and individuals. Drivers consist of social culture and self-trait, and embodiment covers two subcategories (humanism and ethical emotions). The last dimension is shaping outcomes, which consists of three subcategories (maintaining the original intention, professionalism, and instilling professional values). The theory demonstrates the individual development process of nursing professional values in different interactive contexts, the context of its interaction with social and personal values is revealed, and the dynamics and mechanisms of the formation of personal psychological qualities in professional values from a nursing context are discovered. This theory reveals the mechanisms that shape nursing professional values and can provide guidance for the growth of nursing students' professional values.

Explaining the process of learning about dignity by undergraduate nursing students: A grounded theory study.

The learning process about dignity and how undergraduate nursing students experience and use this ethical knowledge is an under-represented field in nursing research. To overcome the lack of conceptual clarity, it is important to understand what processes and dimensions students develop to support this learning outcome. This study aimed to explain the process of learning about dignity by undergraduate nursing students. A qualitative study was conducted using the grounded theory method. Data was collected through free reports and in-depth semi-structured interviews with 20 participants. A focus group was held for the selective coding. Sampling began purposefully and evolved into theoretical. Reflective and theoretical memos were generated from the data collection and constant comparison. Data analysis was performed using qualitative data analysis software using Corbin and Strauss' method. The research was approved by a specialized research ethics committee from a Health School. The process of learning about dignity by undergraduate nursing students revealed 'recognition of dignity' as the core category, supported by five main categories: 'proto-conscience of dignity', 'pathway to nursing', 'consciousness of dignity', 'ways of learning', and 'becoming capable'. These categories illustrate the processes and dimensions involved in nursing students' concept translation of dignity learning, allowing a theory to emerge. The 'Recognition of Dignity' theory aims to contribute to developing educational, training, and supervision processes for nursing programs. It seeks to enhance the ethical and moral development of undergraduate nursing students by helping them understand the concept of dignity and its fundamental importance in nursing.

A Grounded Theory of Walking for Health Promotion in Older Urban Adults.

Walking enhances the health, quality of life, and independence of older adults. However, a global decline in urban walking necessitates a re-evaluation of segmented, quantitative approaches to policies and theoretical frameworks in geriatric medicine for promoting walking among older adults. This study conceptualized the perceptions, experiences, and behaviors regarding walking, from a health promotion perspective, among older urban adults. Pedestrian-friendly communities were explored for older adults in Seoul, South Korea, using a grounded theory. Thirty-eight older adults actively engaged in walking were recruited between July and December 2020. A qualitative multimethod approach was used, and the collected data were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding, with axial coding integrating textual and spatiobehavioral information. The open-coding process yielded 92 concepts, 47 subcategories, and 19 categories. Using axial and selective coding principles, a conceptual framework was developed to explain how walking shaped the daily lives of older urban adults and provided multidimensional health benefits. Walking perception attributes were characterized by "embodied subjectivity as a healthy older adult," "autonomy of movement," and "walking as a way to enrich or sustain life." Active walking facilitated interactions between older adults and their neighborhood environment within the context of compact and accessible urban living. A healthy and age-friendly community encourages interactions between older adults and their neighborhood environment by providing opportunities for daily walking for several purposes, such as providing a sense of autonomy, increasing health-promoting behaviors, and creating a sense of community.

Providing an Ethical Marketing Model for Non-Profit Universities in Iraq

The purpose of this study is to develop an ethical marketing model for non-profit universities in Iraq. A qualitative approach, specifically the strategy of grounded theory, is used. The research began with in-depth interviews with 15 nonprofit university administrators, staff, and marketing experts to develop the initial model. Then, using the grounded theory research strategy, the steps of open, central and selective coding were completed and the initial model of the research was obtained. Based on this model, the research findings were categorized into groups of causal conditions, central phenomena, contextual factors, intervening conditions, strategies and consequences of ethical marketing. The central phenomenon in this mixed study is ethical marketing, which is influenced by several causal conditions such as: increased awareness and social demand, competition in the educational market, and legal and regulatory pressures. The findings of this study contribute to the development of an ethical marketing framework suited to the unique context of non-profit universities in Iraq. The purpose of this framework is to enhance their marketing strategies and promote their social and educational missions.

Ten "Cheat Codes" for Measuring Oxidative Stress in Humans.

Formidable and often seemingly insurmountable conceptual, technical, and methodological challenges hamper the measurement of oxidative stress in humans. For instance, fraught and flawed methods, such as the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay kits for lipid peroxidation, rate-limit progress. To advance translational redox research, we present ten comprehensive "cheat codes" for measuring oxidative stress in humans. The cheat codes include analytical approaches to assess reactive oxygen species, antioxidants, oxidative damage, and redox regulation. They provide essential conceptual, technical, and methodological information inclusive of curated "do" and "don't" guidelines. Given the biochemical complexity of oxidative stress, we present a research question-grounded decision tree guide for selecting the most appropriate cheat code(s) to implement in a prospective human experiment. Worked examples demonstrate the benefits of the decision tree-based cheat code selection tool. The ten cheat codes define an invaluable resource for measuring oxidative stress in humans.

Successful School Principals in Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Schools: A Grounded Theory Research from Turkish Context

The purpose of this study was to delve into the characteristics, professional competencies, leadership attitudes, and behaviors of successful school principals (SSPs) in socioeconomically disadvantaged schools. Utilizing a systematic grounded theory method (SGTM), we conducted research in the provinces of Amasya, Çorum, Samsun, and Tokat in Türkiye. Purposeful and theoretical sampling methods were employed to recruit successful school principals, deputy principals, teachers, students, and parents from secondary schools affiliated with the Ministry of National Education (MoNE). The data draws on unstructured individual and focus group interviews, as well as documents and observations. All the data obtained were inductively analyzed through open, axis, and selective coding stages. Based on the codes, sub-categories, categories, themes, and dimensions from the analyses, we designed the Contextual Successful School Principalship Model (CSSPM), which falls into four dimensions as follows: individual, managerial, organizational, and instructional. SSPs in this study mostly tend to display paternalistic leadership attitudes and behaviors in terms of dedication and self-sacrifice, serving, intrinsic motivation, and influencing stakeholders. They exhibit almost all the attitudes and behaviors of servant leadership, act according to some national and moral values, and experience national attitudes such as patriotism and nationalism intensely. By giving importance to the academic socialization of students' mothers, successful school principals exhibit transformational and instructional leadership behaviors. They act strategically to directly involve mothers in enhancing student achievement, demonstrating their commitment to fostering an inclusive and supportive educational environment.

STUDY OF PREFERENCES FOR STUDENT COMMUNAL SPACE IN THE UPN VETERAN JAWA TIMUR

The communal space for students in the university is important to support academic activities, considering that student activities on campus are not only in classrooms, studios, laboratories, and libraries. However, these shared areas are often poorly designed, leading to disruptions and discomfort for users. This research aims to gather preferences for student communal spaces at UPN "Veteran" Jawa Timur. The research objectives include identifying perceptions of the availability of student communal spaces and the activities carried out in these spaces. Furthermore, it aims to identify expectations for the atmosphere and facilities in these communal spaces. The results of the analysis of these expectations for the atmosphere and facilities are then linked to the types of activities. This research is conducted using a qualitative method. Data is collected through online questionnaires distributed to UPN "Veteran" Jawa Timur students and then analyzed using content analysis with stages including open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. The results show that psychological atmosphere factors, as well as thermal, auditory, and visual comfort, are dominant in the desired atmosphere by respondents. Additionally, the expected facilities are electronic and electrical.

Individual psychological characteristics of under-17 football players in Indonesia and Malaysia: sport psychology approach

Football is complex because it involves physical aspects, technical competence, the ability to understand tactics, and psychological conditions. This study focuses on exploring the psychological characteristics needed by U17 football players in Indonesia and Malaysia to become professional football players in the future. The researcher used a qualitative method with a grounded theory approach to find these psychological characteristics. The researcher conducted interviews, observations, and document analysis to collect data from 25 football coaches in Indonesia and Malaysia who already have a football coaching license and have at least five years of experience as U17 football coaches who were participants in this study. The license and knowledge of the coaches are expected to be valuable sources of information in this study. The data collected were analyzed through several steps, starting from open coding, axial coding, and selective coding, to find themes that emerged from the coach's information. In addition, to facilitate data grouping, the researcher also conducted data analysis with the help of software in qualitative research, namely NVivo 14. This study found five psychological characteristics that can help U17 football players to rise professionally. The first characteristic is the cognitive aspect of the player's intellectual ability, goal setting, imagery, focus, and willingness. Second, affective factors involve self-confidence, happiness, motivation, and self-control. Third, behavioral factors include discipline, attitude, commitment, and respect. Fourth, personality factors include courage, adaptability, and mental toughness. The last factor is the spiritual aspect, which requires players to have ritual and social worship. The psychological element is not the main factor in the success of football players, but it is a determining factor. With the development of scientific collaboration for football, football coaches or stakeholders in Indonesia and Malaysia can use the results of this study as a basis for creating programs for the development of football in both countries. Keywords: individual, psychological characteristics, developmental pathways, football, Indonesia, Malaysia

Lean and Agile Supply Strategies in Distribution Centres to Deliver Value-Added Services (VAS)

Background: This paper examines how logistics mangers increase performance by incorporating VAS in their distribution centres in the context of different natures of customer demand. The study is underpinned by the principles of lean and agile strategies as two key concepts that can be applied to respond to different customer expectations. Methods: Based on the phenomenological interpretivist paradigm, an empirical multiple-case study was conducted in German distribution centres operated by six companies. The empirical data were collected through semi-structured interviews, built on the triangulation of sources. Open, axial, and selective coding were employed to analyse data collected through eighteen in-depth interviews with managers from the distribution centres. Results: The findings indicated that the construct of customer demand forms different benefits that the logistics service providers can achieve through VAS. Simultaneously, various customer demands on VAS requires the distribution centres to focus on developing different operational capabilities to gain superior performance. Conclusions: Based on the research findings, a conceptual model was created. This model can support logistics service providers in improving company performance through effectively managing VAS in their distribution centres. The high dynamic VAS customer demand can bring more financial and non-financial benefits but needs higher flexibility in the warehouse operation system. Stable and predictable VAS, in turn, require a higher degree of standardisation.

Marriage and Divorce: A Qualitative Study from the Perspective of Iranian Academic Experts, Counselors, and Clients

ABSTRACT Over the recent few years, divorce rates have increased steadily, and marriage rates have decreased in Iran, which highlights the necessity to study. Obviously, the unidimensional study is insufficient due to the complex nature of the issue. Therefore, the qualitative study was conducted through the grounded theory approach and a purposeful and theoretical sampling method and data collection through triangulation, including semi-structured interviews with academic experts, counselors, and young adult clients. The data were analyzed in a cyclical process using open, axial, and selective coding. Macro factors are not only known as the causes of marriage reduction and divorce increase; they also play a role as a double pressure of marital conflicts and some micro factors such as addiction and violence. Accordingly, in addition to considering the micro and macro factors, necessary to pay attention to their impacts and influence on each other systemically.

Gaining by losing: The daily living experience of international female doctoral students in Aotearoa New Zealand

ABSTRACT This Straussian grounded theory study explored how female doctoral students from South East Asia managed their daily occupations while studying in Aotearoa New Zealand. Twenty-three participants who were living or had lived in Auckland, one of Aotearoa New Zealand’s metropolitan cities, completed semi-structured, in-depth interviews on their experiences of occupation in that context. Data were also collected via participant observations. The analysis of data through open, axial, and selective coding yielded a substantive theory: Gaining by Losing , which entailed a three-stage process of Choosing to be International Students, Meeting Challenges, and Returning Transformed. Each stage was characterised as being in dynamic tension of initially exploring opportunities/making sacrifices, then encountering difficulties/making adjustments to daily occupations while studying, and ultimately living with their choice/experiencing changes. The findings revealed that temporarily moving to a city with a high cost of living elicited changes in the way they performed daily occupations, such as studying, cooking, shopping, caring for children, and so forth.

La teoría fundamentada en la investigación social: experiencia en un estudio sociocultural en salud

The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the process of theory building based on Grounded Theory, from the analysis of empirical data on the right to health information (RHI) in the detection and medical care of breast and cervical cancer. These data derive from qualitative research, in which focus groups and in-depth interviews were conducted with women between 25 and 45 years of age in a city in northern Mexico, to find out how they exercised the DIS in medical care, what their experiences in management were and what their perceptions of care were like. In the analysis of the first data and at the beginning of the open coding, self-perception was identified as an emerging category, defined as the interviewees' self-perception of their position vis-à-vis the physician and the health institution during the management of care. This category was analyzed in axial and selective coding, showing its explanatory potential for understanding the practices of women in exercising their right to health information. This empirical exercise shows that grounded theory implies a systematic and rigorous process of codification, comparison and integration of data and theory. This paper contributes to the understanding of theoretical and methodological decisions based on grounded theory in social research.

External Factors and Endogenous Elements Fostering Critical Thinking of Tertiary EFL Learners in China: A Grounded Theory Study

The cultivation of critical thinking (CT) skills is a fundamental aim within the realm of higher education. It assumes particular significance within the domain of Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL). This study directs its focus on the Chinese tertiary TEFL context and endeavours to explicate what the external factors are, as well as endogenous elements and ways to foster students’ critical thinking. Methodologically, the study adopted grounded theory (GT) and drew upon qualitative data gathered through interviews with 36 participants, including both students and instructors recruited from prestigious universities, mid-tier colleges, and less developed college across China. The data analysis, utilizing NVivo12 software, encompasses a multilevel coding process, including open, axial, and selective coding, in accordance with the principles of GT. The outcome of this meticulous analysis results in the formulation of a comprehensive model revealing the interplay among external influences, endogenous elements, and ways to foster the development of CT skills among tertiary English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students. The implications of these findings extend pedagogically to multiple stakeholders within the tertiary TEFL context.