Code River Research Articles

A Multivariate and Spatiotemporal Analysis of Water Quality in Code River, Indonesia.

The efficacy of a water quality management strategy highly depends on the analysis of water quality data, which must be intensively analyzed from both spatial and temporal perspectives. This study aims to analyze spatial and temporal trends in water quality in Code River in Indonesia and correlate these with land use and land cover changes over a particular period. Water quality data consisting of 15 parameters and Landsat image data taken from 2011 to 2017 were collected and analyzed. We found that the concentrations of total dissolved solid, nitrite, nitrate, and zinc had increasing trends from upstream to downstream over time, whereas concentrations of parameter biological oxygen demand, cuprum, and fecal coliform consistently undermined water quality standards. This study also found that the proportion of natural vegetation land cover had a positive correlation with the quality of Code River's water, whereas agricultural land and built-up areas were the most sensitive to water pollution in the river. Moreover, the principal component analysis of water quality data suggested that organic matter, metals, and domestic wastewater were the most important factors for explaining the total variability of water quality in Code River. This study demonstrates the application of a GIS-based multivariate analysis to the interpretation of water quality monitoring data, which could aid watershed stakeholders in developing data-driven intervention strategies for improving the water quality in rivers and streams.

Analisis Kualitas Air dan Daya Tampung Sungai dengan Metode Qual2Kw (Studi Kasus: Sungai Code, Yogyakarta)

Code River is one of the rivers in the D.I Province Yogyakarta that crosses the administrative areas of Sleman Regency, Bantul Regency and Yogyakarta City. Each administrative region provides input of waste with various contents and affects the capacity of the pollution load with the study area along ± 21 km. The study was conducted at the point of Ngentak, Gondolayu, Sayidan, Keparakan, Tungkak, Ngoto and Wonokromo. The study area is divided into 6 segments for water sampling. In the study conducted with 4 scenario simulations based on existing conditions, prediction of population in the next 5 years, conformity of class I quality standards without pollutant burden and trial error. The method used to analyze water quality is the QUAL2Kw method. By using this software, it can be easier to simulate changes in the upstream to downstream areas. This study aims to analyze the capacity of the pollution load on the concentration of Ammonia, Phosphate and TSS in order to determine the strategy of water quality management in the Code River

Analysis of Sediment Transport on the Upstream Code River, Indonesia

Purpose: The Code River is one of the pathways from debris flows of Mount Merapi that crosses the centre of Yogyakarta City, Indonesia. Along the Code River, there are densely populated areas, mainly when the river flows through the centre of Yogyakarta City. Mount Merapi is one of the most active volcanos in Indonesia, also in the world. Based on the data, the volcano usually erupts in 3-year periods for a small scale and nine years for a large scale. Its eruptions produce a considerable material. The eruption material from Mount Merapi carried by the debris flows affected the sedimentation process in rivers that originated in the volcano, particularly the Code River. This research was conducted to find out the amount of sediment transport and its impact on the upstream area of the Code River. Methodology: Methods used in the determination of sediment transport at Code River are Frijlink, Meyer Petter Muller, and Einstein method. Results: Based on the results, it shows that according to the Frijlink method, the sediment transport occurred is 19.79 – 85.43 m3/day and the sediment transport of MPM method is 15.06 - 77.23 m3/day, whereas the sediment transport of Einstein's method is 8.89 – 70.36 m3/day. The results also showed that the calculation of sediment transport using the three methods, a phenomenon of erosion took place at a location between observation points 1 and 2, and a phenomenon of sedimentation occurred at a location between observation points 2 and 3.

Mewujudkan Desa Ramah Plastik: Replikasi Program Shodakoh Sampah di Padukuhan Blimbingsari, Caturtunggal, Yogyakarta.

This research aims to increase knowledge and skills in managing the environment, especially plastic waste through systematic and sustainable manner. The research was conducting in Code River community. This research using a Community Based Research (CBR) approach method. By this method researcher is involved in a program that is formulated and applied by the community to solve environmental problems caused by household waste. This research is one of the results of community development practicum conducted by students of Islamic Community Development Study Program UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta. The program carried out in this study uses a garbage shodakoh system where the waste goes through the stages of sorting, recycling and selling. In addition, this system is strengthened with Islamic values in the practice of shodakoh for handling existing waste. The results of this study indicate that there is an increase in community knowledge and skills in optimizing household waste, especially plastics, into various recycling. With this program there are a variety of positive impacts generated in the form of increased community cash income, increasing harmony and increasing public awareness not to throw garbage or waste in the river.

Identification of the Existence and Type of Microplastic in Code River Fish, Special Region of Yogyakarta

Microplastics are plastic fragments with size less than 5mm in length, according to the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Microplastics occur and spread in the environment as a result of plastic pollution. Although further assessment is needed to find the health impact of microplastic exposure to humans, several studies show that microplastic might harm the ocean and aquatic life. Code river is one of the big rivers in Yogyakarta. According to the Regional Environmental Agency of Yogyakarta, Code river was highly polluted by domestic waste and wastewater from the settlement along the river and its tributaries. Therefore, the objectives of this research are to investigate the abundance and characteristic of microplastics in fish from Code River Yogyakarta. Fish samples were collected from the fisherman in the upstream, middle, and downstream areas of Code River from February to May 2019. In the laboratory, the samples were analyzed using Wet Peroxide Oxidation (WPO) method. Fish gills and intestine were oxidized using WPO method followed by density separation for 24 hours. Nikon SMZ445 Stereoscopic Microscope with 35x magnification was used to analyze the shape, color, and total of microplastics. The highest abundance was found in fish samples collected from the upstream area (4.33 particles/gram) compare with the downstream area (3.25 particles/gram). The dominant color is blue, while the dominant type of microplastics is fiber.

Monitoring the Diversity of Frogs and Toads (Amphibia: Anura) along Code River Province of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

The research about frogs and toads diversity in the Code River, Province of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) had been done in 2012 (Yudha et al, 2013). Now, after five years passed, we conduct monitoring activities to updating its diversity and distribution. After five years, we consider that there are many changes along the river that influenced habitat condition for frogs and toads which live along and near the river. Some of the changes are unused land became human settlement or paddy fields and waste land. The purpose of this research is to monitor the diversity of frogs and toads after five years along Code River. The method used was line transect combine with visual encounter surveys (VES) and river bank cruising. Results show that the species number of frogs and toads found in 2012 were slightly higher compare to 2017. The frogs and toads on upstream part were diverse in 2017 compare to 2012 due to natural restoration of riparian vegetation occur on upstream. The frogs and toads on midstream part were less diverse in 2017 compare to 2012 due to increasing human activities near the river and less riparian vegetation. The frogs and toads on downstream part were also less diverse in 2017 compare to 2012 due to increasing human activities near the river and more household waste stuck on riparian vegetation. There was variation of anurans diversity after five years due to changing on physical condition of the river and human activities near the river.

Identification of flood risk zones in the region of Yogyakarta

There are three rivers that cross the center of the Yogyakarta region and through Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta City and Bantul District, namely Code River, Gajah Wong River and Winongo River. The contribution of these three rivers to flood events in Yogyakarta is considered significantly high because the river passes through urban areas, settlements, agricultural land, and densely populated areas. In this study a hazard level map and the level of vulnerability of floods are created in those three watersheds. Map making starts with a study of hazards and vulnerabilities using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, weighting, scoring, and continued with a map depiction using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Map of research results in the form of hazard level maps and flood vulnerability levels for Code watershed, Gajah Wong and Winongo. From the map, it can be concluded that most watershed areas of the Code are included in the level of moderate danger and low level of vulnerability. The entire Gajah Wong watershed is included in a moderate level of danger and most of them are at a high level of vulnerability, while most of the Winongo watershed has a high level of danger and vulnerability.

Study of Physical Arrangement with M3K Concept Based On Element Urban Design in Gemblakan Bawah Village Kota Yogyakarta

The river boundary is a buffer zone between the river and terrestrial aquatic ecosystems. The community’s lack understanding of river border functions causes the use of river boundary as residential areas. This condition occurs in the River Code boundary, Yogyakarta. To restore the river border, Pamerti Kali Code (a community engaged in the Code River observer) initiated the concept of M3K (Mundur Munggah Madhep Kali). The physical arrangement of settlements with the M3K concept has been realized in the slum village in Gemblakan Bawah Village located on the banks of the Code River. This village is the 1st segment of 4 segments that are planned for structuring. After the M3K concept was implemented, this village was transformed into a tourist village. In the urban design context, every city must pay attention to element urban design so that the city has clear characteristics. So structuring settlements with M3K needs to be assessed based on the elements of urban design. The purpose of this paper is to identify the application of elements urban design in physical arrangement with the concept of M3K in Kampung Gemblakan Bawah. This research used quantitative methods with quantitative descriptive and frequency distribution analysis. The author obtained data by conducting surveys and questionnaires to 78 families. The analysis was carried out by analyzing the physical condition of the Gemblakan Bawah Village after applying M3K concept based on urban design elements (land use, building and massing, circulation and parking, open space, signage, pedestrian ways, and activity support). The results of the study prove that settlement arrangements with the M3K concept make urban design elements in residential areas increase. Among them are improvements in the form of the regularity of buildings, improvement of river bank circulation into non-motorized lanes as well as new open spaces and the existence of new spaces, support activities in the form of tourism activities that result in improved environmental quality in Gemblakan Bawah Village.

Assessment of the quality of well water in the spatial terraces of river code in Yogyakarta Indonesia

Many residents live on the banks of the Yogyakarta Code River. Some of them are still there who dispose of liquid waste directly into the river so that it has the potential to pollute the environment. Pollution also occurs in population wells. In general the condition of the riverbank is terraced, so that liquid waste originating from terrace 1 (the top) will flow to terrace 2 (the middle part), then flow to terrace 3 (bottom), and finally enter the river. The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of well water on the banks of the River Code, based on DO parameters, pH, DHL, Temperature, TDS, and E-Coli bacteria and to ascertain whether there was a direct correlation of pollution accumulation from high elevation to low elevation. The methods used include: identification of wells, measurement of the position of the well with GPS, plotting the location of wells to maps, sampling of well water, analyzing the quality of well water in the laboratory, and assessing the spatial water pollution of the well. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that there is a decrease in the quality of well water from high elevation to low elevation so that the quality of well water at low elevations is worse than the quality of well water at higher elevations. So that there is a direct correlation of accumulated pollution from well water at high elevations to lower elevations in the terraces of the Code River banks.

Analisa Struktural Batuan Andesit di Desa Laksanamekar Bandung Jawa barat

This article discusses structural analysis in Laksanamekar Village, Bandung. The sample is in the form of andesite D and A *. Sample size (1 x 1) cm, with thickness (x) 0.4 cm. Sample D comes from the mountains of Laksanamekar Village Bandung at depths (15-20) m and samples (A *) from the Code River Yogyakarta. The results showed that the sample was a type of dry andesite rock and had layers in the grain. Andesite D has a denser composition, higher iron content and smoother surface texture than A*. The XRD results are known to be phase-identified andesite A * Sodium aluminum Silicate with a composition of 46.5% and andesite D phase of Titanium Calcium Sodium Magnesium Iron Manganese Silicon Aluminum Oxide of 10% so that andesite rocks have higher quality than A * samples.

Physical Environmental Assessment of ‘Colorful Village’ on the Banks of the Code River, Yogyakarta

In the past, the village on the bank of the Code River looked shabby but was renovated into a colorful village. The problem is whether colorful villages have become ideal settlements or remain slums. The novelty of this study is to find out the level of slums in the colorful village associated with the new policies of improving the quality of slums. The scope of the material is on the assessment of the physical environment in a colorful village. The study aimed to assess the physical environment of the village and to find the cause of slums. The research method for assessment is slum level analysis using weight analysis tools. Data collection methods used are observation, interviews and secondary data processing results. The scope of the area is the Sayidan village area which is on the bank of the Code River, Yogyakarta. As a result, even though the colorful village looks aesthetically beautiful, their physical environment is actually still included in high slums. In conclusion, the level of high slums is due to, the condition of buildings and the condition of infrastructure, that is still not fully following the applicable requirements.

The Lead Exposure Risk Due to Wells Water Consumption in Code Riverside Community, Yogyakarta City

The environmental conditions of Code River were strongly influenced by anthropogenic activities that include industry, hospitals, domestic, and agriculture. The contamination status on the Code River according to BLH Yogyakarta reported in 2014 was heavily polluted based on STORET (≤-31). The riverside community were misusing the river for final disposal site, potentially contaminating it with lead (Pb). Local communities were potentially exposed to Pb toxicity through well water consumption. An Environmental Health Risk Assessment (EHRA) study of ingestion exposure of heavy metals was never conducted in the Code Riverside, making it interesting for further studies. The study aimed to determine human health risks of consumption of well water containing Pb in Code Riverside, Yogyakarta City using an observational design with an Environmental Health Risk Assessment approach. There were 9 environmental samples and 47 respondents selected based on certain criteria. Data was collected through environmental inspection and human health assessment, interviews and anthropometric data measurement of respondents. Data was analyzed by univariate (frequency distribution) and EHRA methods. The result showed that the noncarcinogenic risk level of Pb due to well water consumption from majority of research sites have RQ value (Risk Quotient) > 1, which means high potential risk to human health.

Distribution of Nitrate Household Waste and Groundwater Flow Direction around Code River, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

The nitrate concentrations in shallow groundwater of the Yogyakarta City and its surroundings has increased to about twenty times in the period 1985-2018. The objective of this study was to analyse the distribution of nitrate concentrations in water well around the Code River, Yogyakarta. Flownets mapping was performed to find out the distribution and direction of potential groundwater pollution. Nitrate concentration was analysed by taking 18 groundwater samples scattered in the upstream, midstream and downstream areas of the Code River. The results of this study indicate that nitrate concentrations in the water well of upstream and downstream areas could still be used as a source of drinking water and recreation-irrigation-livestock. Meanwhile, the nitrate concentration in water well of the midstream area of the Code River, Yogyakarta City, mostly (80% of the sample) did not meet all classes of water quality standards. Human activities in the densely populated settlements were the main factors that influence nitrate pollution. Furthermore, groundwater flow in the study area leads from north to south and towards the Code River. This condition indicates that the nitrate concentrations in the groundwater can be a source of a pollutant for the Code River.

ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN IN KAMPUNG KALI CODE ON CRIME PREVENTION BASED ON PERCEPTION OF CITIZENS

<p><em><em><em>Kampung Kali Code is a dense village located along the Code River Gondokusuman District with the condition of a contoured settlement. The development of the environmental design of the Kampung Kali COde which also developed along the Code River continues to increase with the maintenance of the physical elements of the area. However, the current development of environmental design has not included the element of crime prevention. This is based on the existence of criminal acts that occur in the Kampung Kali Code area such as the theft of bicycles, motorbikes and helmets. In addition, in 2017 there were 10 cases of theft from 59 cases in the District of Gondokusuman. The approach to preventing crime through environmental design or Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) is the appropriate use of the built environment to improve the quality of life through crime prevention and reduction in fear of crime. CPTED itself consists of natural surveillance, teritorial reinforcement, accessibility, and activity support maintenance. Analysis of the Kampung Kali Code environmental design on crime prevention uses the Spearman rank correlation analysis technique with the connection of existing conditions of environmental design and community perceptions of the influence of environmental design on crime prevention. Based on the research there are findings in the form of environmental design variables that will influence crime prevention, namely accesibility and maintenance of activity supporters. Some related indicators include availability of access for motorize and non-motorize vehicles, maintenance of public circulation lighting, and availability of patrol posts in guarding the area. The indicator is expected to be able to assist in the prevention of crime through the design of the Kampung Kali Code neighborhood.</em></em></em></p>

ESTIMATION OF WILLINGNESS TO PAY TOWARDS RIVERSIDE LANDSCAPE DESIGN

Riverside landscape design is developed not only to enhance amenity but also to address disaster risks. This study aims to estimate the value of the design of riverside landscape, in terms of amenity and disaster mitigation. Contingent valuation method (CVM) is used for valuation of the proposed design of riverside landscape. The case study was taken place in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia, that has three main rivers flowing through the city; Winongo River, Code River and Gajahwong River. As the rivers are headed from Merapi volcano, the community that occupied the riverside areas is threatened by the risks of cold pyroclastic debris flow, beside the regular riverine flood. Respondents are family representatives that chosen randomly from the total population of Yogyakarta City. There are 580 samples, consists of 333 samples of Type A and 247 samples of Type B. Visual image with explanation of amenity obtained higher WTP rather than with explanation of disaster mitigation indicates that the explanation of amenity features of the design is valued higher rather than disaster mitigation features. In addition, the value of extrapolated WTP results considerable amount in monetary term that represents the cost of realization of the design and also serves as feasibility of the project. However, visual image contain mixed value of the design to some extends, and the explanation increases the value of the design, due to the respondents may grasp other aspects than explained by viewing the visual image of the design. Reasons of willing to pay are all positively related to WTP, implies that people behaviour towards the riverside area is influencing the value, specifically related to their financial state. CVM as valuation technique for public good can be used to understand the perception and also to measure the acceptance of the public towards the proposed design.

Characteristic of non-point source biochemical oxygen demand from agricultural land in the part of Code River

Non-point source (NPS) is one of the global issues dealing with water quality. This pollutant source contributes a lot to pollution and it is relatively hard to control. Agricultural land is one kind of NPS. Cultivation activities that aim to prepare land for the crop planting could increase the potency of pollution load. It is important to know the characteristic of pollution load in agricultural land. The amount of pollution load in agricultural land tends to be fluctuating. The objective of this study is to know the characteristic of pollution load in agricultural land. The method used in this research is the statistic test. Scatterplot as a data presentation technique. The independent variable used in the statistic test is the interval between the last rain and the time of sampling (X1), the thickness of the rain (X2), and the discharge (X3). Test F shows that the independent variable gives simultaneous influence to the concentration of BOD in agricultural land. Test T shows that the influences every independent variable to the concentration of BOD. The relation between the concentration of BOD (Y) and the independent variable is formulated as follow: Y = 0,810 - 0,160 X1 − 0,490 X2 + 21,704 X3. Pollution load of NPS is temporally fluctuating. The maximum pollution load from agricultural land happens when the rainfalls. In normal condition, the pollution load is minimum.

Beban Pencemaran Sumber Limbah di Sungai Code

Sungai Code merupakan salah satu sungai yang melalui wilayah Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY)dan memiliki lokasi straregis, bagian tengah daerah pengaliran sungai Code melintasi daerahperkotaan yang padat penduduk. Pemantauan yang dilaksanakan tersebut merupakan pemantauankualitas air sungai, belum pada kualitas sumber limbah. Penelitian mengenai pemantauan debit dankadar BOD sumber limbah yang membebani sungai Code perlu dilakukan. Lokasi penelitian disepanjang sungai Code dari Jembatan Gondolayu sampai Jembatan Mas Suharto, panjang sungaikurang lebih 2 km, dengan pertimbangan lokasi penelitian melalui wilayah perkotaan. Identifikasisumber limbah yang membuang ke sungai Code sebanyak 25 lokasi di sisi timur dan 41 lokasi di sisibarat. Aktifitas pembuangan limbah tidak serempak dan tidak semua saluran limbah yang ada dilokasi penelitian melakukan aktifitas pembuangan. Titik 12A merupakan sumber limbah dengan debitdan kadar BOD terbesar serta saluran yang terus menerus mengalir. Titik 12A merupakan salurankomunal yang berasal dari rumah-rumah di kawasan Kota Baru yang cukup padat dan saluran tersebutberfungsi juga sebagai riool kota. Total air limbah domestik pada saat penelitian ini sebesar 5,44L/detik. Dari 66 lokasi sumber limbah, sebagian besar kadar BOD berada di bawah atau lebih kecildari nilai ambang batas (NAB) sehingga masih memenuhi baku mutu limbah domestik. Secarapemantauan kuantitas didapat beban pencemaran aktual (BPA) BOD sebesar 46,83 kg/hari lebih besardibandingkan dengan beban pencemaran maksimum yang diizinkan (BPM) BOD sebesar 25,80kg/hari, sehingga dapat disimpulkan beban pencemaran dari sumber limbah pada lokasi penelitianmencemari sungai Code. Upaya pengendalian pencemaran di sungai Code adalah perlu pemantauankualitas dan kuantitas sumber limbah secara periodik dan berkelanjutan, serta perlu mengikutsertakanmasyarakat, swasta, industri dan pemerintah untuk terlibat aktif dalam pengelolaan sungai.

Analysis of temporal variation characteristics on water quality along Code River, Indonesia

Physicals, chemicals, and microbial parameters were analysedalong the Coder River to reveal the temporal influence on water qualitycharacteristics. From December 2017 to March 2018, we collected twice amonth surface water sample at the nine monitored sampling site. Theresults indicate that the temporal factor has a significant impact, particularly in wet and dry seasons, on increasing the chemical oxygendemand (COD), ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), total coliform (TC), andfaecal coliform (FC) above the local government standard. Overall, thewater quality in the Code River is mainly influenced by the anthropogenicpollution sources that did not decrease during the dry season because of thelow water flow.

Land use, climate parameters and water quality changes at surroundings of Code River, Indonesia

Regional development of an area has the potential of adverse impact on land use, vegetation, or green space. The reduction of green open space is known to contribute to global warming. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), global warming has become a serious and significant phenomenon in human life. It affects not only ecological environment but also social and cultural environment. Global warming is a rise in global annual temperature due to, one of which, greenhouse gases. The purpose of this research is to determine the effects of land use change on water pollution and climate parameters at Code river. The results showed that Code River is experiencing land use conversion. Rice field was the most extensively reduced land use, by 467.496 ha. Meanwhile, the other land uses, namely plantation, grass, and forest, were reduced by 111.475 ha, 31.218 ha, and 1.307 ha, respectively. The least converted land use was bushed, whose decreased 0.403 ha. The land use conversion in the study area deteriorated the water quality of river, as proven by the increasing trend of COD and BOD from 2012 to 2016. The COD from 2012 to 2016 was 14, 16.6, 18.7, 22.5, and 22.8 ppm, respectively. Meanwhile, the BOD from the same observation years was 6, 7.2, 8.9, 9.3, and 10.3 ppm, respectively.

Relation of knowledge and level of education to the rationality of self-medication on childhood diarrhea on the Code River banks in Jogoyudan, Jetis, Yogyakarta

Self-medication as an alternative is used to reduce the severity of diarrhea. Optimal treatment can be done by increasing the rationalization of self-medication on diarrhea. This can be achieved with good knowledge about self-medication, which is in turn influenced by level of education. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of knowledge and education level to rationality of self-medication on childhood diarrhea around the Code River in Jogoyudan, Jetis, Yogyakarta. The study was conducted by cross-sectional analytical observational design. The subjects were mothers who had children aged 2-11 years who had experienced diarrhea and had self-medication. Questionnaires were used to assess the rationality of self-medication on children's diarrhea by the parents. The respondents were askeds to fill out about indications, right drugs, doses, time intervals and periods of drug administration. Data were analyzed using chi- square. It was showed that of 40 respondents, 14 respondents (35%) performed rational self-medication on children's diarrhea and 26 respondents (65%). did not rationalize the treatment. The results of a bivariate test obtained a chi-square value of 9.808 (> 3.841) and a p value of 0.002 (<0.05) on the relationship between education level and rationality of self-medication and a chi-square value of 19.476 (> 3.841) and a p value of 0.000 (<0.05) on relationship between knowledge and rationality of self- medication. The conclusion of this study is that there is a correlation between knowledge and level of education and rationality of self-medication on childhood diarrhea on the Code River banks in Jogoyudan, Jetis, Yogyakarta.