Code Of Administrative Offenses Research Articles

Characteristics of legislation in the field of health protection

The article examines the essence of administrative and legal regulation in the field of health care through the prism of the systematization of administrative legislation in the specified field. The legal regulation of public administration is defined as a purposeful activity of state authorities regulated by laws and other normative acts, which is aimed at consolidating, organizing and protecting social relations in the specified sphere, which is carried out with the aim of preserving and strengthening health, protecting the rights of patients and medical employees. Attention is focused on determining the role and importance of such types of systematization as incorporation, consolidation, codification, adaptation and their application in the field of health care.
 It was determined that the codification of administrative legislation in the field of health care is the most advanced form of systematization, which is directly related to the change in the form and content of the current legislation by its revision, elimination of conflicts, gaps, obsolescence and multiplicity of legal norms. Special attention is paid to adaptation, as a fundamental component of the European integration course of Ukraine, which consists in the phased adoption and implementation of laws and subordinate normative legal acts of Ukraine, developed considering the European Union legislation, as well as in making appropriate changes to the current legal acts of Ukraine.
 Analysis was conducted and the reasons that complicate the classification of legislation in the field of health care were determined, with the complexity of legal regulation being the main one. The classification of health care legislation according to the principle of hierarchy, subject and scope of legal regulation, as well as by the number of persons is proposed.
 The necessity of supplementing the current Code of Administrative Offences with the section “Offences in the Sphere of Health Care” is substantiated, which will establish responsibility for administrative offences in the sphere of health care, as well as strengthen administrative responsibility for their commission. The specified changes will ensure regulation of relations in the field of medical services, protection of the rights of doctors and patients, and as a result will improve the quality of medical assistance to the population.

Особенности применения ч. 1. ст. 19.3 КоАП РФ при невыполнении законного требования сотрудника полиции о прекращении эксплуатации автомобиля с недостаточной светопропускной способностью стекол

Introduction. Driving a disabled vehicle with windscreens equipped with windows which light transmission does not comply with the requirements of the technical regulations on safety provides for administrative liability under Part 3.1 of Article 12.5 of the RF Code of Administrative Offences. The requirements issued by road safety police officers to stop unlawful actions have no clear legislative regulation; there are no sanctions in case ofreoffending. The purpose of the study is to determine the feature of the objective side of the administrative offence under Part 1 of Article 19.3 of the RF Code of Administrative Offences, when using a car with insufficient light transmission of windows. Methods. The methodological basis of the study is formed by dialectical method of cognition as a fundamental method of scientific analysis of the social and legal reality, as well as general scientific methods of research: theoretical analysis, comparative study of law, technical and legal analysis, specification, clarification and interpretation. Results. According to the legal experience, drivers who disobeyed orders to remove the vehicle malfunction and repeatedly reoffended under Part 3.1 of Article 12.5 of the RF Code of Administrative Offenceshave become subject to administrative liability in accordance with Part 1 of Article 19.3 of the RF Code of Administrative Offences. If a police officer has violatedthe procedure, the judicial authorities stop proceedings due to the lack of evidentiary support based on which the decree was issued. Conclusion. The legal basis for bringing a person to administrative liability under Part 1 of Article 19.3 of the RF Code of Administrative Offences comes into existence at the moment of driving a disabled vehicle, in which the operation of vehicles is prohibited in accordance with the Highway Code. Driving a vehicle with windows, the light transmission of which does not meet the requirements of the technical regulations on the safety of wheeled vehicles, is a violation of the Highway Code. Disobedience to the lawful demand of a police officer to stop the operation of a vehicle with insufficient light transmission of windows shall form the objective side of an administrative offence under Part 1 of Article 19.3 of the RF Code of Administrative Offences.

The Concept and Content of the Principle of Immediacy and Guarantees of its Implementation in Administrative Proceedings

The author elucidates the concept and content of the principle of immediacy and guarantees of its implementation in administrative proceedings. The analysis of the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation, the Arbitrazh Procedural Code of the Russian Federation, the standings of higher courts and law enforcement practice allows us to determine the elements of the principle of immediacy in administrative proceedings. Their systematic consideration indicates the need to consolidate this principle in the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation and eliminate the shortcomings contained in the current legislation. The principle of immediacy in administrative proceedings is defined as procedural requirements, expressed in the fact that the circumstances included in the standard of proof and relevant to the case can be established by evidence, the content of which was investigated during the case consideration according to personal perception of the participants (subjects) of administrative jurisdiction with the provision of equal rights to participants in the proceedings in their study, discussion and analysis by means of mandatory verbalization.

Проблемные аспекты реализации принципов вины и презумпции невиновности в нормах законодательства об административных правонарушениях

The article examines the relationship with the principles of guilt and presumption of innocence (Article 1.5 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation) of the norms of the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation, which formulate signs of the intellectual component of intent and negligence; regulating the features of bringing to administrative responsibility owners of vehicles, land (other real estate); defining the grounds and conditions of administrative liability of legal entities. The shortcomings of legal regulation are revealed, which exclude in many cases the real possibility of proving the guilt of a person in committing an offense, as well as contradictions of a number of norms of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation to the principles of guilt and presumption of innocence. Proposals are formulated to eliminate the identified shortcomings of legal regulation.

Актуальность поправок в Кодекс Российской Федерации об административных правонарушениях, связанных с ужесточением ответственности за пропаганду нетрадиционных сексуальных отношений

The article is devoted the issue of the relevance of amendments to the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses related to the toughening of responsibility for the promotion of non-traditional sexual relations. The author draws attention to the statistics on a specific administrative offense — Art. 6.21 of the Code of Administrative Offenses “Promotion of non-traditional sexual relations among minors” for the period 2016–2021, after which he concludes about the possible reasons for expanding the area of responsibility, introducing new articles into the Code of Administrative Offenses — 6.21.1 and 6.21.2, respectively.

Федеральный государственный пожарный надзор: проблемы привлечения к административной ответственности физических лиц в связи с изменением законодательства

The article is devoted to the problems associated with bringing to administrative responsibility individuals (citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens and stateless persons) who do not belong to the category of controlled persons for violation of fire safety requirements. The analysis of legislative acts that are the basis for possible administrative impact by the state fire supervision authorities, including the wording of the norm of part 31 of Article 28.1 of the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation, which provides for the possibility of bringing to administrative responsibility only after conducting a control (supervisory) event in cooperation with a controlled person. The result of the conducted systematic analysis of regulatory legal acts was the conclusion that this norm does not apply to individuals who are not controlled persons under the law In order to unambiguously understand the norm of part 31 of Article 28.1 of the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation, the need for state control (supervision) bodies to fulfill their powers, including state fire supervision, the authors formulated proposals to amend the said Code and the Federal Law “On Fire Safety”.

Directions for the development of the criminal procedure science

The article proves that prohibition, as well as the decriminalisation of pornography, is a resonant social issue. In addition to playing the role of a moral and ethical component of public life, it acts as a lever in the international political arena, and also touches upon some matters of financial income and tax revenue. EU legislation generally regards pornography as a phenomenon that does not pose a social or moral and ethical danger. It is noted that with the expiry of the Law of Ukraine “On Protection of Public Morality”, the legal justification for a complete ban on pornography in Ukraine has also been lost. The logical continuation of the above legal changes is the revision of criminal legislation on pornography with due regard to the main trends of progressive legal development.
 The analysis of the information materials to the BRDO’s initiative draft law stipulates that the absence of a regulatory definition of “debauchery” and “place of debauchery” creates conditions under which criminal liability may be imposed on party organisers, hotel and nightclub owners or creators of pornographic materials. Based on this, the BRDO proposes to exclude Article 302 from the Criminal Code of Ukraine as a whole. The BRDO’s argument is indeed convincing. However, it does not take into account the risks of such crimes and offences as: pimping or involvement of a person in prostitution (Article 303 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine); prostitution (Article 181-1 of the Code of Administrative Offences of Ukraine). In addition, if Article 302 is removed from the Criminal Code of Ukraine, its parts 3 and 4 will also be lost, which may reduce the protection of minors and young persons.
 In view of the above, we believe that it would be appropriate to amend the content of part 1 of Article 302 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine as follows:
 “Article 302. Organisation of activities for places to provide paid sexual services and engage in prostitution
 
 Organisation and receipt of remuneration from the activities of places for the face-to-face provision of paid sexual services and prostitution – …”.

Comparative analysis of administrative and criminal punishments in Ukraine and some foreign countries and prospects for changes

The process of European integration necessitates the reform of the system of Ukrainian legislation. In this case, the issue of the ratio of norms that establish administrative and criminal punishments in Ukraine, namely their improvement and unification, is relevant. Thus, the purpose of the study was to determine the prospects for changes in approaches to the legislative consolidation of articles on criminal and administrative liability in Ukraine as well as abroad. The methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, formal-legal, and deduction were used. The results of the study indicate that there are similarities in the structure of certain provisions of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offences with the corpus delicti of crimes provided for in the articles of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. This phenomenon is highlighted as an important aspect of the Ukrainian legal system that requires careful analysis and comparison. The study also identified the main historical preconditions for the codification of the rules governing criminal and administrative liability into separate codes. By analysing the historical contexts, the study examined how the evolution of legal principles contributed to the formation of the modern liability system. In addition, the study focused on the current relationship between the Code of Administrative Offences and the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The analysis of the interaction between these two codes has become an important component for understanding the law and order system in Ukraine and identifying possible aspects of improving this system. The researchers were particularly interested in studying foreign experience, in particular the practices of Kazakhstan, Germany, France, Germany, Estonia and the United Kingdom. This comparative approach allowed us to identify similarities and differences in the legal systems of different countries, as well as to take into account effective practices that can be used to improve the legal system of Ukraine. The results obtained in the study should be used in the process of making changes to the provisions of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses and the Criminal Code of Ukraine, in particular their improvement in the context of the European integration process

THE INSTITUTE OF INITIATING CASES OF AN ADMINISTRATIVE OFFENSE IN THE LIGHT OF CONTROL (SUPERVISION) REFORM

The modern concept of regulation of state control (supervision), municipal control assumes its coordination with the legislation on administrative responsibility to ensure the orderly application of state coercion. At the same time, the basic prerequisites for adjusting the grounds for bringing to administrative responsibility are currently set precisely by the legislation on control (supervision), which is focused on preventing and suppressing violations of mandatory requirements, and not on punishing them. The measures taken to achieve this goal indicate that at the regulatory level in Russia, a model of subordination of proceedings on administrative offences in relation to control and supervisory proceedings is being formed by limiting the grounds for initiating cases of administrative offenses, expressed in noncompliance with mandatory requirements. Within the framework of this model, the legislator introduces special restrictions to the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation regarding the initiation of cases of administrative offences related to noncompliance with mandatory requirements, which are aimed at reducing the administrative burden on economic activity. However, in practice, the relevant legal regulations are applied restrictively and not to the full extent, which makes it dificult to implement the model of administrativelaw measures enshrined in the legislation, by virtue of which bringing to administrative responsibility should follow the conduct of control (supervision), not ahead of them.

Fundamentals of Forensic Tactics in the Commission of Expertise for Extremism Cases in Proceedings on Administrative Offenses

In the article the authors integrate the provisions of forensic tactics into the proceedings on cases of administrative offenses. Despite the classical understanding of the subject of criminology, which is intended only for the needs of criminal proceedings, the authors believe that the provisions of criminology are applicable to other types of proceedings. As an example, the authors integrated the provisions of forensic tactics in relation to the commission of expertise for extremism cases in the proceedings on administrative offenses. Based on the analysis of the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation, legislation on forensic expertise, current judicial practice and the provisions of the science of forensic expertise, a specific algorithm of actions is proposed for the court, state authorities and officials in need of special knowledge in the administration of justice. The algorithm of actions proposed by the authors is a consistent manual that allows to organize the work of the law enforcement officer and avoid procedural errors in the commission and performance of expertise.

The Problem of Ensuring Equality Before the Law at Relief of Liability when Qualifying an Administrative Offense as Insignificant

The present paper considers the problem of ensuring compliance with the principle of equality of all before the law when applying the institute of insignificance to the committed administrative offense. The Author examines the chronology of the appearance of the norm of insignificance in the legislation of Russia. He compares procedural legislation in cases of administrative offenses of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Republic of Belarus in the context of the institute of insignificance. Study of Article 2.9 of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses, judicial acts of the courts of the first and subsequent instances, the analysis of scientific works devoted to the problem of the application of the institute of insignificance allow studying the problem of the application of the institute of insignificance to all material norms establishing administrative responsibility under Article 2.9 of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses. In the aspect of the principle of equality of all people and citizens before the law, questions are raised about the validity of assigning the status of “exceptional” to the norm under study. Comparison of the practice of application of Article 2.9 of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offences by courts of general jurisdiction and arbitration courts clearly demonstrates the application of the institute of insignificance in the judicial process. The problem of the application of Article 2.9 of the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation by authorized executive authorities in the administrative process is also considered in this paper. Arguments against the existence of a discretionary power in the institute of insignificance are given. The constitutional norms violated by the presence of discretionary authority in the institute of insignificance are called. The constitutional rights of delinquents violated due to the existence of discretionary powers in the institute of insignificance are named. The Author discusses the possibility of changing the existing legislation in order to ensure compliance with the balance of interests of delinquents and other participants in the case of an administrative offense to increase the effectiveness of public prosecution and the preventive value of administrative responsibility. The Author proposes to state Article 2.9 of the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation in the wording that ensures the right of all delinquents to equality before the law and the court in order to ensure their constitutional rights, including to maintain the balance of interests of delinquents and other participants in the case of an administrative offense to increase the effectiveness of public prosecution and the preventive value of administrative responsibility.

Modernization of Criminal Legislation in the Context of Criminalization of Responsibility for Social and Domestic Violence

The present study is devoted to the lack of proper legal regulation in the Russian criminal law of responsibility for violence in family relationships. The amendments and additions made in 2016–2017 to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation regarding responsibility for inflicting beatings or other violent acts that caused physical pain, but did not entail the consequences specified in Article 115 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, in particular, the decriminalization of beatings against loved ones, are currently questionable and a number of questions. The article analyzes the proposals of researchers on the problem of domestic violence, as well as their own conclusions on the issue of legal regulation of domestic violence. The authors recommended criminalizing domestic violence as a separate crime.

Некоторые размышления об эволюции и правовом значении статьи 15.33.2 Кодекса Российской Федерации об административных правонарушениях

The article discusses some issues that have arisen in practice regarding the simultaneous functioning of two mechanisms for bringing to public liability for violation of the procedure and deadlines for submitting information (documents) in the compulsory insurance system, one of which is provided for by Federal Law No. 27-FZ of April 1, 1996 “On Individual (Personalized) Accounting in Compulsory Pension Insurance systems and compulsory social insurance”, the other is Article 15.33.2 of the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation. The law enforcement practice of the implementation of both mechanisms is investigated, as well as some theoretical and practical issues of consistency and proportionality of legislative regulation establishing both mechanisms.

LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR VIOLATIONS OF THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES

The purpose of the article is that its authors have attempted to identify the nature of different types of legal responsibility for the violation of specific socio-economic rights of people with disabilities. For this purpose, through the use of dialectical, comparative legal methods, grouping methods, documentary analysis and analysis, the theoretical-practical and legislative aspects of material (financial), administrative, civil, criminal and disciplinary responsibility for the violation of the rights of persons with disabilities to work, strike, rest, entrepreneurial activity, social protection and social security, housing, health care and rehabilitation and a number of other rights. As a result, specific examples of violations of the social and economic rights of persons with disabilities are given. Emphasis is placed on rare cases of violations of the right to reproductive health of persons with disabilities who wish to become parents, as well as those who are aware of the disability of an unborn child. In this context, the critical situation of persons with disabilities living in prisons, where they are effectively deprived of the right to create a family, is noted. A separate level of violations of the rights of people with disabilities is related to discrimination on the grounds of disability, which manifests itself in all spheres of life of representatives of this category of the population in relation to practically all rights provided for them at the legislative level. The article also mentions frequent cases of violation of the right to an adequate level of social security, to the provision of medicines, to education, to employment, to parking in specially designated places, to free travel on public transport, etc. In connection with such a situation, the institution of responsibility (administrative, civil, criminal, disciplinary and material) for the violation of socio-economic rights of people with disabilities functions. Its grounds and mechanisms of application are defined to varying degrees in the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the Criminal Code of Ukraine, the Code of Administrative Offences of Ukraine, as well as the following laws of Ukraine: "On the Fundamentals of Social Protection of Persons with Disabilities in Ukraine", "On Rehabilitation of Persons with Disabilities in Ukraine", "On Liability for Offences in the Field of Urban Development" and other regulatory acts. The above conclusions are supported by a series of statistical data on the situation of accessibility of the environment for people with disabilities, their employment, the level of impoverishment of this category of the population, the protection of violated rights before the courts, etc. The value of the proposed article is reduced to the fact that it is a complex scientific work reflecting the author's view of the current state, problems and prospects for development of the field of legal responsibility for violation of socio-economic rights of people with disabilities.

Marine Endangered and Threatened Species in Russia: A Review of Current Conservation Strategies and Management Legislative Tools

Despite the global decline in marine species biodiversity, relatively few countries have enacted national endangered and threatened species legislation. Tailoring an adequate legislative framework with clear objectives and regulations consistent with the available scientific evidence is fundamental for the effective conservation of marine endangered and threatened species. This paper analyzes the legal framework and current institutional tools for the conservation of marine endangered and threatened species in the Russian Federation. In this regard, important legislative tools include federal laws, as well as internationally binding signed agreements, among others, such as the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar). A strategy and an action plan for the conservation of biological diversity were also developed. Besides, the most important tool for the conservation and protection of marine endangered and threatened species is the Red Book of the Russian Federation (RBRF) and other regional Red Books. Responsibility for causing harm to the species listed in the RBRF and their habitat is specified in the code of administrative offenses and the criminal code of the Russian Federation. Finally, conclusions and identified gaps were highlighted in the last section, including, among other things, that legislation is still limited in how it takes the impacts of climate change into account. Such type of study is highly recommended, considering the relatively few number of papers dedicated to the study of the impact and/or implications of the conservation tools and strategies mentioned in this paper on the status of the marine endangered and threatened species.

Theoretical and legal perspective on the content of the objectivity of Article 178 of the Ukrainian Code of Administrative Offences: thesis, antithesis, arguments, presentation

The article is structured according to the elements of the logical operation of “proof”, which includes the following elements.
 Thesis: it is impossible to bring a person to administrative liability for violation of Article 178 of the Ukrainian Code of Administrative Offences for drinking beer, alcoholic or soft drinks in public places, if the person drinks these beverages, for example, in the apartment building entrance.
 Antithesis: administrative liability under Art. 178 of the Ukrainian Code of Administrative Offences is incurred for drinking beer, alcoholic or soft drinks in an entrance hall as a place prohibited by law, i.e. a public place, in accordance with para. 1, Part 1, Article 1 of the Law of Ukraine “On Measures to Prevent and Reduce the Use of Tobacco Products and Their Harmful Effects on Public Health”. The application of the Law regulating the state policy on prevention of smoking of tobacco products to regulate legal relations in the field of public order and public safety, in terms of drinking spirits in public places, is justified by using a specific method – analogy of law.
 Arguments: firstly, the presence of the phrase “other places prohibited by law” contained in part 1 of Article 178 of the Ukrainian Code of Administrative Offences does not indicate incompleteness of legal provisions, referring to part 3 of Art. 15-3 of the Law of Ukraine “On State Regulation of Production and Circulation of Ethyl Alcohol, Cognac and Fruit Alcohol, Alcoholic Beverages, Tobacco Products, Liquids Used in Electronic Cigarettes and Fuel”, and therefore there are no grounds for applying the analogy of the law; secondly, when establishing the objective side of Art. 187 of the Ukrainian Code of Administrative Offences in terms of drinking beer (except for non-alcoholic), alcoholic and soft drinks, it is necessary to distinguish between the categories of “public places” and “places prohibited by law”; thirdly, according to the current legislation, the application of the analogy of the law is the privilege of judges, while police officers do not have such powers, and the opposite may indicate a violation of the principle of legality of proceedings in cases of administrative offences.
 Presentation: the combination of the above arguments confirms the thesis that a person cannot be brought to administrative liability for violation of Article 178 of the Ukrainian Code of Administrative Offences.

Problematic aspects of defining a child as a victim of domestic violence

The article focuses on the issues of ensuring the rights of a child who has witnessed domestic violence. It has been noted that if police officers draw up procedural documents improperly, in particular, a protocol on an administrative offence, the child will not be granted the official status of a victim. It has been proved that there is a significant difference between such concepts as “domestic violence committed in the presence of a child” and “a child who witnessed (eyewitnessed) domestic violence”. It has been concluded that when drawing up a report on an administrative offence, a police officer must take into account the age characteristics of a child and his/her ability to fully realise and understand the events that have taken place.
 It has been noted that due to the lack of proper legal regulation in domestic legislation of the procedure for documenting the facts of domestic violence witnessed by a child, there is a problem of closing administrative proceedings in courts due to the absence of an offence or due to insignificance. It has been noted that if a child who has witnessed domestic violence does not have the status of a victim, he or she cannot be fully provided with the assistance provided by law.
 It has been pointed out that the presence of a child who was aware of this during the commission of domestic violence is its psychological form. It has been emphasised that this form of domestic violence requires proof of the consequences, so it is important to involve a psychologist for further mandatory attachment of a specialist’s opinion on the child’s psychological state to the administrative offence case file.
 It has been substantiated that in order to ensure the best interests of a child who has witnessed domestic violence, a police officer should draw up two separate reports on administrative offences under Art. 173-2 of the Code of Administrative Offences: the first for committing domestic violence against an adult, and the second for committing the said act in the presence of a child (provided that the latter was aware of this fact). At the same time, the police officer must notify the police station of such an event in order to enter information into the register of unified statements and reports of criminal offences and other events.

Legal characteristics of maritime safety

The growing importance of international maritime shipping, and the complication of its operation conditions in modern times, necessitate the study of legal issues and improvement of its legal regulation with strict observance of the law in the area of countering negative manifestations in the field of maritime safety.The article examines the definitions of the concept and essence of security in general and with due regard for the specifics of maritime conditions. Maritime security is defined as a set of its types: technical, technological, telecommunication, and economic. The activities of its participants are determined by regulations. The legal regulation of maritime safety is characterized by the norms intended to define the rights and obligations of their participants by special provisions on combating offenses in this area, namely: Merchant Shipping Code, Code of Administrative Offenses, Civil Code, Criminal Code, Customs Code. Therefore, we can conclude that there is a special legal framework for maritime security. Legal security is ensured by the norms of international law and domestic legislation of Ukraine, which, according to the Constitution of Ukraine, cannot contradict the norms of international law.International legal norms on maritime safety are contained in maritime conventions. Maritime legislation is represented by the Merchant Shipping Code of Ukraine, which defines the rights and obligations of maritime navigation participants, and which creates the basis for criminological measures to prevent socially dangerous manifestations. Along with improving the regulatory framework for maritime security, the effectiveness of countering it depends on the special training of maritime security personnel. Employees of this industry undergo special training. They must receive it in special educational institutions and have two diplomas: a diploma of graduation from the relevant educational institution and a diploma of work experience in the field of navigation. In the course of their work, they are obliged to improve their knowledge of the application of the Law by undergoing retraining in the study of relevant regulations. Such retraining is mandatory and scheduled. Administrative authorities control its implementation. At the same time, measures are taken to ensure maritime safety, the nature of which is determined by the specific conditions of combating offenses. Thus, the effectiveness of ensuring maritime safety requires: first, continuous improvement of legal norms and, second, training of maritime workers in their application. Professional development of maritime transport workers is a necessary link in ensuring maritime safety.It is also concluded that it is necessary to intensify the scientific interpretation of the provisions of international conventions and domestic legislation in the field of maritime security in modern conditions. The development and in-depth study of problems in combating offenses in the field of maritime security will specify Ukraine’s practical participation in international maritime conventions and stabilize our State’s participation in ensuring maritime security

Problems of Qualification of an Administrative Offense Provided by part 1 of Article 20.20. of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses

The object of the study is the public relations arising between a police officer and a person brought to administrative responsibility for committing an administrative offense provided for in part 1 of Article 20.20 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. The subject of the study was the legal norms contained in Part 1 of Article 20.20 of the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation. The proposed article analyzes the composition of an administrative offense provided for in part 1 of Article 20.20. of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses and law enforcement practice in cases of this category. The purpose of the work was to formulate, based on the analysis of theoretical provisions and law enforcement practice, proposals and recommendations for improving police activities in the qualification of an administrative offense provided for in part 1 of Article 20.20 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.

On the issue of legal liability for war crimes

The article examines the issues of legal liability for war crimes. The article aims to analyze certain provisions of the current legislation on legal liability for military offenses. The author analyzes the current legislation providing for legal provisions for military administrative and criminal offenses, as well as the provisions of the draft new version of the Criminal Code of Ukraine.
 The analysis of the legislation on legal liability for military offenses shows that it needs to be improved. The significant increase in military crime between 2014 and the present requires bringing certain provisions of the statutes of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the Code of Administrative Offenses, and the Criminal Code of Ukraine in line with the needs of today. Currently, there is a request from military authorities and military command for more effective legislation in the military sphere, the legal norms of which would contribute to a more effective fight against military crime, one of the ways of which should be the prevention of military offenses.
 The article draws attention to the need for a more effective mechanism for combating war crime aimed at preventing military offenses. The scientific analysis is prompted by the issues of further legislative improvement of the norms providing for legal liability for military offenses.