Response Code Research Articles

The role of spatial processing in verbal serial order working memory

Abstract In a sequence, at least two aspects of information—the identity of items and their serial order—are maintained and supported by distinct working memory (WM) capacities. Verbal serial order WM is modulated by spatial processing, reflected in the Spatial Position Association of Response Codes (SPoARC) effect—the left-beginning, right-end positional association between space and serial position of verbal WM memoranda. We investigated the individual differences in this modulation with both behavioral and neurobiological approaches. We administered a battery of seven behavioral tasks with 160 healthy adults and collected resting-state fMRI data from a subset of 25 participants. With a multilevel mixed-effects modeling approach, we found that the SPoARC effect’s magnitude predicts individual differences in verbal serial order WM capacity and is related to spatial item WM capacity. With a graph-theory-based analytic approach, this interaction between verbal serial order WM and spatial WM was corroborated in that the level of interaction between corresponding cortical regions (indexed by modularity) was predictive of the magnitude of the SPoARC effect. Additionally, the modularity of cortical regions associated with verbal serial order WM and spatial attention predicted the SPoARC effect’s magnitude, indicating the involvement of spatial attention in this modulation. Together, our findings highlight multiple sources of the interplay between verbal serial order WM and spatial processing.

The Use of Barcode Scan (CBS) Learning Media Based on Quick Response Code to Improve Student Learning Outcomes

Introduction: Banking is fundamental in the global economic cycle and is particularly relevant in efforts to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through green banking adoption. Objective: Therefore, this research aimed to conduct bibliometric analysis to address the knowledge gaps by examining the status, impact, and quality of scientific publications on green banking. Method: Five stages were followed in the analysis, namely data collection, cleaning and formatting, inclusion criteria, data analysis, and discussion. After cleaning and formatting, the total number of articles reviewed amounted to 333 articles all obtained from SCOPUS and published between 2015 and 2024. The data analysis used tools such as Publish or Perish, Mendeley, R Bibliometric Package, and VOS viewer. Results and Discussion: Furthermore, the research analyzed scientific production trends and author productivity using Bradford and Lotka's bibliometric laws. This analysis led to three key conclusions and suggested future publication directions. The results were crucial for understanding how banking can address global climate change issues from the perspective of financial institutions, benefiting policymakers, companies, and investors as key stakeholders. Recommendations: Further publications were recommended specifically focusing on green banking adoption in both developed and developing countries.

Coordination-Defect-Driven Construction of Responsive Pure-MOF Microspheres for Switchable Mode-Dependent Anticounterfeiting Labels.

Luminescent metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with exceptional dynamics and diverse active sites possess tremendous potential in information security and anticounterfeiting applications. However, traditional MOF systems are based on broadband spectral signals with spectrum overlap, which easily leads to low-resolution signal identification, compromising the overall security level. Here, we report the coordination-defect-induced amorphous pure-MOF microsphere with switchable whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) signals as a mode-dependent security platform. Amorphous MOF microspheres are prepared by a chlorine coordination-defect-driven growth strategy based on the aperiodic arrangement in coordinate networks. The as-prepared amorphous MOF microspheres with well-defined circular morphology display the typical WGM resonance with dimension-dependent character, permitting the creation of photonic barcodes with substantial encoding capacity. Furthermore, the amorphous MOF microspheres exhibit optical mode switching behavior due to reversible framework shrinkage, which enables the design of covert photonic barcodes as anticounterfeiting labels, finally demonstrating responsive coding property and enhanced information security. The results provide a novel strategy for exploring an MOF-based security platform for information encryption and optical anticounterfeiting.

Dipole Regulation Ultrahigh-Oriented Two-Dimensional Perovskite Films for UV-Excited Secure Quick Response Codes

Dipole Regulation Ultrahigh-Oriented Two-Dimensional Perovskite Films for UV-Excited Secure Quick Response Codes

The Aesthetical Impacts of Quick Response (QR) Codes in Apparel Design to Revitalize Handcrafts

The Aesthetical Impacts of Quick Response (QR) Codes in Apparel Design to Revitalize Handcrafts

Transitioning to quick response codes for patient information leaflet delivery.

Transitioning to quick response codes for patient information leaflet delivery.

One and only SNARC? Spatial-Numerical Associations are not fully flexible and depend on both relative and absolute number magnitude.

Numbers are associated with space, but it is unclear how flexible these associations are. We investigated whether the SNARC effect (Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes; Dehaene et al. 1993 J. Exp. Psychol. 122, 371-396. (doi:10.1037/0096-3445.122.3.371); i.e. faster responses to small/large number magnitude with the left/right hand, respectively) is fully flexible (depending only on relative magnitude within a stimulus set) or not (depending on absolute magnitude as well). Evidence for relative-magnitude dependency came from studies observing that numbers 4 and 5 were associated with the right in a 0-5 range but with the left in a 4-9 range (Dehaene et al. 1993; Fias et al. 1996 Math. Cogn. 2, 95-110 (doi:10.1080/135467996387552). Within this Registered Report, we conducted two online experiments running Bayesian analyses with optional recruitment stopping at moderate evidence (BF10 above 3 or below 1/3). Experiment 1 (n = 200) replicated relative-magnitude dependency using the original stimuli. However, Experiment 2 (n = 300) additionally demonstrated absolute-magnitude dependency, while considering recent advances in SNARC research using 1-5 excluding 3 and 4-8 excluding 6. In contrast to the frequently perpetuated notion of fully flexible Spatial-Numerical Associations, some fixed relation to absolute magnitude prevails. These findings have important consequences for understanding how Spatial-Numerical Associations might support numerical processing.

Reduction of Losses and Wastage in Seafoods: The Role of Smart Tools and Biosensors Based on Artificial Intelligence

This paper reviews current knowledge on the role of smart tools and biosensors based on artificial intelligence in reducing seafood loss and wastage. This study shows that a variety of biosensors, categorised according to how they function, can be used to measure the quality of seafood. These include optical biosensors, enzyme-based biosensors, immunosensors, microbial biosensors, DNA-based biosensors, electrochemical biosensors, optical biosensors, tissue-based biosensors, and piezoelectric biosensors. Among these biosensors, optical biosensors, electrochemical biosensors, and mechanical biosensors are the most significant. Again, this study report that, for seafood traceability and management, a variety of smart solutions including blockchain technology, quick response (QR) codes, data analytics, digital twins, and radio frequency identification (RFID) tags can be utilised. Catch data, vessel tracking data, and data from the processing plant are some of the different data sources that can be utilised to trace seafood products. Artificial intelligence tools like neural networks, deep learning, machine learning, and others can be used to forecast and improve seafood quality. It is crucial to study the development of biosensors that can properly identify the earliest signs of seafood contamination or rotting.

THE USE OF QRIS PAYMENTS FOR ULOS WEAVERS IN SIGAOL VILLAGE, ULUAN DISTRICT, REGENCY. TOBA

Digitalization has penetrated into various aspects of life, including in financial transactions. This community service aims to help ulos weavers in Sigaol Village, Uluan District, Toba Regency, in adapting to the use of digital payments through QRIS (Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard). This program uses a socialization and hands-on training approach. The socialization was carried out to provide a basic understanding of QRIS and its benefits, while the direct training was focused on how to use the QRIS application in daily transactions. In addition, technical assistance is also provided to ensure that weavers can use this technology smoothly. Results With the implementation of QRIS payments, ulos weavers in Sigaol Village can make transactions digitally more easily and quickly. This not only makes the payment process more practical, efficient, and effective, but also increases financial inclusion and strengthens the local economy. Through this activity, weavers are expected to be able to increase their competitiveness in a wider market, while authors get the opportunity to contribute directly to community empowerment.

Determinants of Qris Use and Imports in Generation X in Bali Province

Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard or QRIS is one of the strong attractions in the midst of financial system transformation implemented by the government and business actors. However, the number of QRIS users is only dominated by Generation Z and Generation Y who are familiar with technology compared to Generation X. The determinants of QRIS use and imports for Generation X in Bali Province are easy, safe and useful. This study aims to analyse easy, safe, benefits directly on the use of QRIS as well as to analyse easy, safe, benefits and the use of QRIS directly on imports and to analyse easy, safe and indirect benefits on imports through the use of QRIS in Generation X in Bali Province. The type of data in this study is primary data in the form of quantitative obtained from the results of the questionnaire. This research was conducted in Bali Province with 100 respondents. The data analysis technique used is Path Analysis. The results showed that ease and benefits had a direct effect, while safety had no direct effect on the use of QRIS in Generation X in Bali Province. Safe and QRIS usage have a direct effect, while easy and benefits have no direct effect on imports in Generation X in Bali Province Easy and benefits have an indirect effect, while safe has no indirect effect on imports through the use of QRIS in Generation X in Bali Province. The implication of this research is that ease and benefits are the main drivers for Generation X in Bali Province in using QRIS. Safe is not considered an important factor for Generation X in Bali Province in using QRIS. Increasing the safe factor and the use of QRIS can directly increase the value of imports for Generation X in Bali Province. The perceived ease and benefit factors are not strong enough to directly influence the import decision of Generation X in Bali Province. Easy and benefits are the main reasons for Generation X in Bali Province to import through the use of QRIS. Safe is not considered a major factor for Generation X in Bali Province, due to the trust that has been built regarding security in import transactions through the use of QRIS.

Customer Perception on Adoption of Quick Response (QR) Code Payment in Nepal

The Quick Response (QR) code payment system has grown popularity in recent years. This study aims to examine the impact of customer perception on adoption of QR code payment in Nepal. Descriptive and causal comparative research design has employed with structured questionnaire survey administered to 385 banks customers in Nepal. This study analyze the relationships and impact between the variables by using pearson correlation and regression analysis. The findings reveal positive and significant impact of Knowledge about QR Code Perceived Cost on adoption of QR code and Ease of Use while Trust and Security have insignificant impact on customer perception. The findings of this study may offer valuable insights to banks customers, policymakers, and the future researchers, aiding the value of QR code payment on cusomer satisfaction. This study offers a unique contribution by exploring how the QR code payment enhance banking transaction with customer satisfaction in the context of Nepal, where only the limited research has been conducted.

Investigating the Quick Response (QR) Code Application in Internal Audit Report: Unqualified Opinion vs Unqualified Without Inspection

This study examines the implementation of Quick Response (QR) codes in Independent Auditor's Reports (IARs) and explores the discrepancy between "Unqualified Opinion" and "Unqualified Without Inspection." Using a qualitative case study approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with public accountants in Surabaya, Indonesia. The research reveals that QR codes serve as technological safeguards, enabling rapid verification of IAR authenticity and traceability. While the auditing community strongly supports this innovation, viewing it as a significant advancement in combating forgery, the study highlights that QR codes are not an absolute solution. Their effectiveness ultimately depends on individual practitioners' ethical conduct. The persistence of fraudulent activities despite technological advancements underscores the need for a multifaceted approach combining technological solutions with robust ethical training and professional development programs. The research concludes that QR code implementation must be complemented by ongoing efforts to strengthen the auditing profession's ethical foundation. It emphasizes the importance of continuous monitoring and enforcement by regulatory bodies to ensure compliance and maintain public trust in financial reporting. This study contributes to understanding technological innovations in auditing practices and their implications for professional integrity and accountability.

QRIS Cross-Border: Indonesia’s Soft Power Diplomacy Instrument in Payment Digitalization in Southeast Asia

The use of the Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS) as a digital payment method has become widespread among the Indonesian population. This success can be attributed to the innovation and convenience offered by QRIS. Beyond Indonesia, QRIS can also be utilized as a digital payment method in countries such as Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, Vietnam, Laos, and Brunei Darussalam through the QRIS Cross-Border initiative. This paper aims to explore the trajectory of QRIS Cross-Border as a digital payment system applicable in most Southeast Asian countries, despite the existence of similar payment systems already in use within these nations. From the perspective of soft power diplomacy, this paper argues that Indonesia has effectively influenced the digital payment policy preferences of Southeast Asian countries by positioning QRIS Cross-Border as a tool of soft power. By leveraging the competitive advantages of QRIS Cross-Border, Indonesia has successfully attracted these nations to adopt it as their digital payment system. Nevertheless, the implementation of QRIS Cross-Border has not yet fully reached all countries in Southeast Asia.

One direction? Cultural aspects of the mental number line beyond reading direction

Spatial-Numerical Associations (SNAs) refer to the demonstrations of spatial processing of numbers. The Mental Number Line (MNL) is a representation model describing numbers as aligning left-to-right (LR) and was suggested to account for directional biases in participants’ responses during numerical tasks. One common behavioral demonstration of this is the Spatial-Numerical Associations of Response Codes (SNARC) effect, which describes faster left-/right-hand responses to smaller/larger numbers, respectively. The MNL, and, consequently, directional SNAs, show variabilities across different cultures. Reading direction is considered to be the main factor in explaining these differences. In line with this, individuals with right-to-left (RL) reading habits show a weaker or even reverse SNARC effect. In the present study, we investigated whether SNAs are influenced not only by reading direction, but also by cultural directional preferences such as drawing lines, arranging objects, imagining objects (i.e., rightward or leftward facing), or representing events in time (i.e., mentally representing the past/future on the left/right, respectively). To test this hypothesis, we measured the cultural directional preferences and the SNARC effect across three cultures in an online setup; German, Turkish, and Iranian. LR preferences in the Cultural Directional Preferences Questionnaire were most prominent in German participants, intermediate in Turkish participants, and least prominent in Iranian participants. In line with this, the LR SNARC effect was strongest in German, intermediate in Turkish, and weakest (but not RL) in Iranian culture. These findings suggest that cultural directional preferences are involved in the emergence of adult SNAs in addition to the reading direction.

Digital innovation and automation of business processes using quick response code: advancing the means-end chain theory

PurposeThe purpose of the research is to investigate customer shopping behaviour for Italian market, extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) using the quick response (QR) code. The study uses means-end chain (MEC) theory to explore the connections between product attributes, personal values and consumer preferences.Design/methodology/approachThe theory of means-end chain helps to uncover the underlying reasons why consumers choose specific products by examining the links between tangibles. There is a conceptual model developed with the help of MEC. The conceptual framework comprises product information and marketing communication, which constitute the sensory and non-sensory aspects of consumption behaviour, and it is empirically tested by CB-SEM technique. QR code usefulness and loyalty are treated as mediators to evaluate shopping behaviour to purchase EVOO.FindingsThe study has used MEC theory and has extended this theory. This study found that there is a profound impact of technology (QR code) on the buying behaviour of EVOO for the Italian customers. This study has also found that product information and product communication play a critical role towards shopping behaviour of Italian consumers regarding EVOO related products.Research limitations/implicationsInnovation and technology adoption, especially the use of QR codes in understanding product features, has been an attractive area for research exploration. This could include details about the product’s origin, production methods and nutritional information. Such technology and innovation can change the business process management landscape of food-product distribution process. Not many studies are available which examine customers’ interest and shopping behaviour using QR codes, especially in the context of EVOO. Thus, this research study has a profound impact on the Italian and other European market.Originality/valueIn the Italian market, EVOO is more than just a product, it is a symbol of tradition, quality and cultural heritage. EVOO is not just a condiment, it is an essential ingredient that contributes to the overall flavour of dishes. This study explores the usage of QR code for EVOO related products. This is a unique study as there are a very few research studies available in this area of business process management and technology usage related to EVOO products. Moreover, this research study adds values to the body of literature of business process management, technology usage, innovation and food technology. Thus, this study is unique and adds value to the existing literature.

Peran Bank Syariah Dalam Digitalisasi Pembayaran Berbasis Qris Pada Minimarket Pondok Al Fitrah Di Era 4.0

This research explores the role of Islamic banks in supporting the digitization of QRIS-based payments at the Al-Fithrah Islamic Boarding School Minimarket in the Industry 4.0 era. In the context of the transformation of the banking sector through advanced information technology, QRIS (Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard) has emerged as an efficient and secure payment method, facilitating faster and more practical non-cash transactions. This study uses a qualitative approach with interviews and documentation as data collection methods. The research results show that the implementation of QRIS in the Al-Fithrah Islamic Boarding School minimarket is effective in facilitating financial circulation and increasing operational efficiency. The use of QRIS also supports financial system transparency and provides easy access for consumers. In conclusion, digitalization through QRIS has had a positive impact on increasing minimarket performance and income, showing that Islamic banks have an important role in encouraging digital financial innovation and inclusion.

Application of Principles and Rules for Non-Cash Transactions Using QRIS Services Maqāṣid Al-Sharīʿah Perspective

Widespread digital technology and financial technology (fintech) have made non-cash transactions increasingly popular and accepted by society. QRIS (Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard) is a form of non-cash transaction that is expected to increase efficiency, effectiveness, and security in terms of transactions. The research aims to analyze the principles and rules of non-cash transactions using QRIS Services from an Islamic economic perspective so that people can experience non-cash transactions safely while integrating with the ethical values of the Islamic economic system. The research method used is a type of qualitative research with a descriptive analysis approach in the form of a literature study sourced from primary and secondary book sources, consisting of a collection of primary theories and books, journal articles, and various kinds of relevant library materials. The results of this research explain that non-cash transactions using QRIS services are generally by Islamic economic principles, such as fairness, and consent, not containing elements of usury, gharar and maysir, transaction transparency, and halal. However, it should be noted that the use of QRIS must be done wisely and by Sharia corridors.

Disentangling the good, the bad, and the neutral of co-present mobile phone use: A new perspective on “partner phubbing”

Studies show that the use of smartphones in the presence of a partner may result in lower relationship quality, intimacy, and increased conflict. Such co-present phone use, often referred to as “phubbing” or “technoference,” has been problematized in the literature. However, few studies have hitherto explored the possibility that using phones in each other's presence may not cause any relational harm and might even support relationship maintenance. Only recently did the critiques and theoretical frameworks begin to expand our understanding of the broader role of smartphones in dyadic interactions. In this study, we tested whether co-present phone use is always perceived as negative, or if it could also be neutral or positive. We employed quantitative methods and content coding of free responses to understand the participants’ experiences and reasoning in different evaluations. We analyzed the responses of British participants ( N = 383) living with their partner, who were enrolled via Prolific to take part in the study. The analyses revealed that only 15% of participants perceived their partner's phone use as negative, the majority evaluating it as neutral or positive. Most participants reported that their partner's phone use had no impact on their time together or was integrated with other activities. Those who reported a negative impact attributed it to the partner's lack of attention. The present study challenges the existing literature and highlights the need for a conceptual expansion of smartphone-related behaviors in dyads.

Encoding Numbers When Numbers Rotate to the Left or Right Space: Evidence from the Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes (SNARC) Effect

Encoding Numbers When Numbers Rotate to the Left or Right Space: Evidence from the Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes (SNARC) Effect

Laminated Information Encryption with Printer Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

In order to improve the security of information encryption, this paper proposes a novel method based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technology in conjunction with a commercial general-purpose inkjet printer. A “sandwich” model, comprising three layers of a black ink block, a blue ink layer containing encrypted information, and another black ink block in order to render the information layer undetectable by other conventional optical imagers, was proposed. Because of the lower resolution requirements and better error tolerance of the Quick Response (QR) code, it was used as encryption information carrier. The “sandwich” structure was printed onto original paper using a commercial inkjet printer. The spatial distribution of the “LIBS secret key” on the paper was analyzed by LIBS spectra at different locations. After baseline removal, normalization, and spectral superposition, the contrast of decrypted images is enhanced to extract hidden information effectively. This method has the advantages of high security, low cost, and simple fabrication. It provides a new method with a potential application prospect for LIBS in the field of information encryption.