This paper describes the results of laboratory experiments using a thermophilic aerobic MBR (TMBR) at 50°C. An innovative use of submerged flat-sheet MBR modules to treat circuit wastewater from the paper industry was studied. Two experiments were conducted with a flux of 8–13L/m2/h without chemical membrane cleaning. COD and BOD5 elimination rates were 83% and 99%, respectively. Calcium was reduced from 110 to 180mg/L in the inflow to 35–60mg/L in the permeate. However, only negligible membrane scaling occurred. The observed sludge yield was very low and amounted to 0.07–0.29gMLSS/g CODeliminated. Consequently, the nutrient supply of ammonia and phosphate can be lower compared to a mesophilic process. Molecular-biological FISH analysis revealed a likewise high diversity of microorganisms in the TMBR compared to the mesophilic sludge used for start-up. Furthermore, ammonia-oxidising bacteria were detected at thermophilic operation.