Coconut Soil Research Articles

A review on soilless cultivation: The hope of urban agriculture

The cultivation of plants without using soil as a rooting medium is known as soilless farming. Depending on the requirement and type of crop, there are several soilless systems, including hydroponic, aeroponic, vertical farming, and others. The rate at which megacities are growing is worrying. As a result, urban agriculture needs to undergo a revolution in order to address the problem of food scarcity and hunger. These significant quantitative and qualitative food concerns can be solved by soilless farming in urban environments. In greenhouses and tunnels, about 3.5% of the world's crops are produced utilizing soilless, hydroponic farming methods. People who reside in deserts, the arctic, and other difficult-to-farm places can build up hydroponic farms. Since there is no soil, there are fewer insects and weeds. Vegetables, fruits, flowers, and medicinal plants are among the crops grown in soilless or hydroponic systems. Growth media is used in soilless culture methods in place of soil. As growth media, inorganic or organic substrates (barks, coconut coir, coconut soil, fleece, marc, peat) are used. Aquaponics in Nepal has a promising future because it is still in its early phases and is expected to thrive and expand well. As a result, a variety of crops are produced year, increasing income. Soilless cultures are thought of as a recently found approach to agricultural development, yet they are extremely difficult to put into practice.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PRODUKTIVITAS TENAGA KERJA BURUH PANEN BUAH KELAPA SAWIT(Studi Kasus Pada Divisi I PT. Megasawindo Perkasa IKecamatan Pelepat Kabupaten Bungo)

Research conducted at the Division I Megasawindo PT Perkasa I Sub Pelepat Bungo on December 1, 2015 until January 1, 2016. Selection of the location of this research was done intentionally (purposive sampling) with the consideration that Division I had a workforce of most on the harvesting of coconuts oil with 79 workers to harvest. This study was conducted to determine the factors that affected the productivity of harvest labor of Oil palm fruit in the Division I PT.Megasawindo Mighty I Sub Pelepat Bungo. The data collection method used in the study was documentation technique that was to obtain data directly from the data of research that palm fruit harvest workers at the Division I PT.Megasawindo Perkasa District of Pelepat many as 79 workers harvest the palm fruits. But the workers must studied the labor of its work effectively during the year 2014 as many as 39 people. The results showed that the average labor productivity of oil palm fruit harvest workers amounted to 37.31 tons / person / month. Harvest Labor productivity of the palm fruits together significantly affected by factors of wages, work experience, number of dependents and age, it could be seen from the calculated F value (983.312)> F table (2.649), but the partial factor wages were on a very real effect on the productivity of harvest labor of the palm fruits, as seen from the value of 49 997 t> t table 2,032. While working experience factor, number of dependents and the age factordid not significantly affected harvest labor productivity of oil palm fruit division I PT. Megasawindo Mighty I Sub Pelepat Bungo.Keywords: Productivity, Labor harvest, factors and Palm Oil

Feasibility of a semi-batch vertical-flow wetland for onsite residential graywater treatment

The technical feasibility of graywater treatment, via a semi-batch vertical flow wetland (SB-VFW), was evaluated at a single family home for aboveground water reuse. Graywater treatment was achieved to a quality level that was well within the regulatory compliance limits (e.g., with respect to biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS) and turbidity) for above ground reuse. System performance over the course of a five-month field study demonstrated that the necessary treatment time was typically ∼3h for a 300L batch. The SB-VFW operated in a stable manner owing to the use of a coconut soil substitute that has high hydraulic conductivity and also enabled avoidance of clogging due to excess biofilm growth. The latter was made possible through the use of a bio-based laundry (BBL) detergent which had a lower organic content relative to conventional laundry detergents. The system was able to return to normal operation even after detergent shock loads. Results of the present study are encouraging and suggest that residential level graywater treatment is technically feasible and can thus potentially expand the range of possible water reuse applications.

Solubility and Permeability Studies of Aceclofenac in Different Oils

Purpose: To measure the extent of solubility of the lipophilic drug, aceclofenac, in 13 oils as well as its in vitro permeability from these oils in order to develop optimized topical microemulsion and microemulsion-based gel for improved bioavailability.Methods: UV spectrophotometeric method was used at the wavelength of 276 nm to measure the dissolved quantity of aceclofenac in each of the oils (almond oil, oleic acid, castor oil, paraffin oil, cinnamon oil, clove oil, canola oil, sesame oil, isopropyl myristate (ipm), sunflower oil, corn oil, coconuts oil and eucalyptus oil) at 25 °C. The in-vitro permeability of aceclofenac in each of these oils was determined at 32 ± 0.5 °C using Franz diffusion cell with phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as medium with 0.45ì cellulose acetate membrane. The solubility and permeability of aceclofenac were compared with the hydroalcoholic solution of aceclofenac.Results: The highest solubility values of 9.153 and 8.560 mg/ml for aceclofenac were obtained with almond oil and oleic acid, respectively (p < 0.05). However the solubility and permeability of aceclofenac in hydro-alcoholic solution were 150.65 mg/ml and 14.91± 0.05 ìg/cm2/h, respectively. Aceclofenac also showed higher permeability values (1.45± 0.04 and 1.21 ± 0.06) in almond oil and oleic acid, respectively, than in the other oils (p < 0.05).Conclusion: These findings show that almond oil and oleic acid are promising vehicles for aceclofenac as its enhanced solubility and permeability in these vehicles are suggestive of improved bioavailability.Keywords: Aceclofenac, Almond oil, Solubility; Permeability, Oleic acid, Bioavailability.

The Influence of Heated Soil in Crop of “Tamaris” Tomato Plants on the Biological Activity of the Rhizosphere Soil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of heated soil on the population of bacteria, fungi and nematodes inhabiting the soil of tomato cultivar “Tamaris” growing in peat and coconut substrates. In addition, these media were tested in two different containers: cylinders and slabs. The total number of bacteria and fungi was significantly higher in the peat substrate than in the coconut substrate. A much higher number of beneficial bacteria producing spores were noted in the coconut soil. The total number of bacteria and fungi was modified by the heating levels. In all the experimental treatments, most of the identified individuals belonged to the group of nematodes that feed on bacteria and it was the most diverse group of species. The highest total number of nematodes was recorded for the second heating level, with the exception of cultivation carried out in peat slabs, where the most of nematodes were found at the control level. The highest first crop was produced by plants growing on the peat slabs supplied with the highest soil temperature. Tomato roots of all the control treatments showed the highest root morphological parameters.

HEAVY METALS ACCUMULATION IN GREENHOUSE TOMATOES

Research work was carried out on fresh tomatoes and artificial soil samples taken from the actual production cycle in big polish greenery Siechnice. Vegetables were planted on milled coconut shells and fed with the solution of inorganic fertilizer containing main: N, P, K, Ca and minor: Fe, Cu, Mo, B, ...elements. The duration of the tomatoes production cycle was approximately six months (from April to November 2001). Tomatoes and coconut soil samples have been taken for each new growth floor and analyzed on heavy metals contents. Analytical samples were dried, ashed and dissolved in nitric acid. Concentrations of some heavy metals (Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the obtained solutions were measured using the ICP-AES method. Results for fresh tomatoes (produced in commercial scale) show generally that contents of heavy metals is nearly steady, with some variations (±35%) around yearly mean metals concentration. The concentrations of determined heavy metals in greenhouse tomatoes are nearly independent on changes of metal concentrations in used artificial soil and growth stage of tomato plants.

Effect of Dietary Fish Oil on the Activation and Proliferation of Splenocytes from Young and Old Mice

Dietary omega-3 fatty acids are currently being investigated for their beneficial effects, including their benefit form immunity. Because aging is associated with immunodeficiency, we have investigated whether diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids will improve immunity in the aged. Young and old mice were fed basal diets supplemented with menhaden oil (rich in omega-3 fatty acids) or hydrogenate4d coconuts oil. Splenocytes from these animals were tested for increased cytosolic free calcium and proliferation after stimulation with concanavalin A. Our results show that menhaden oil-rich diets did not alter splenocytes from old, menhaden oil-fed mice displayed a lower magnitude oil-fed mice was consistently lower than for all other splenocytes, including splenocytes from old, hydrogenated coconut oil fed mice. Lipid peroxidation in old, men haden oil-fed livers was lower than in young, menhaden oil-fed livers, suggesting that lipid peroxidation was not the cause of the poor responded associated with menhaden oil in the aged. Out data imply that the mere inclusion of fish oil is not sufficient to improve immunosenescence and may under certain circumstances be inhibitory.

Phytophthora palmivora on cultured roots of coconut

Secondary roots of coconut imported to East Mailing Research Station from Jamaica and cultured in vitro were frequently contaminated by Phytophthora palmivora . Isolates were of two forms which differed in compatibility type and in several morphological and other characters. Mycelium of P. palmivora was extensive in the cortex of roots from which the fungus had grown and was probably already established before the roots were cultured and possibly before they were excavated. The association of P. palmivora with roots indicated a significant infestation of coconut soil which may thus be a source of outbreaks of the bud rot disease caused by this pathogen.

脂質と atherogenesity

In order to elucidate the atherogenesis of serum lipids from the aspects of lipoproteins, determination of human serum lipoproteins, experimental atherosclerosis by hydroginated coconuts oil administration and observation of β-lipoproteins insudation into aortic wall of rabbits by immunohistochemical studies were performed.1) Serum low and very low density lipoprotein levels of atherosclerotic patients (myocardial infraction, argina pectoris, cerebral infarction) were significantly elevated as compared with those of matched controls. Contrarily, serum high density lipoprotein levels were significantly lower in the atherosclerotic patients.Those data suggest that atherogenesity from serum lipids may be affected by the increase of low and very low density lipoprotein concentrations and decrease of high density lipoprotein concentration. Furthermore, Atherogenic Index obtained by the liner-discriminant method suggests that the atherogenesis of very low density liporoteins may be stronger than that of low density lipoproteins.2) In the cholesterol fed rabbits, simple atheromatous plaques were observed in the aortic wall. On the other hand, in the hydroginated triglyceride fed rabbits, more severe regressive changes such as calcification were complicated.Lipid compositions of lipoproteins were different between cholesterol fed and hydroginated triglyceride fed rabbits. In the cholesterol fed rabbits, percentage of cholesterol in the very low density lipoprotein significantly increased as compared with that of control rabbits. Lipid compositions of lipoproteins of the triglyceride fed rabbits were almost same with those of control rabbits.Above mentioned results also suggest more severe atherogenesis of triglyceride than that of cholesterol.3) In the studies by the immunohistochemical technique, accumulations of β-lipoprotein in the aortic wall of rabbits were parallel with degree of hyper-lipoproteinemia and its duration.4) From the above mentioned results, it may be concluded the serum lipid have atherogenesity and extent of atherogenesity is associated with degree of hyperlipidemia and its duration.

Five New Species of Basirotyleptus and the Description of Leptonchus Baccatus N. Sp. (Nematoda: Dorylaimoidea)

Basirotyleptus nindei n. sp. and B. ethiopicus n. sp. are described from roots and soil of ninde in Malawi, B. nemoralis n. sp. from coconut soil in India, and B. bunocephalus n. sp. and B. westralis n. sp. are reported from roots and soil of coffee and grape vine in Uganda and Western Australia respectively. Males are known and described for B. bunocephalus and B. westralis. A key to the species of Basirotyleptus is given. Leptonchus baccatus n. sp. from roots and soil of sal trees in India is close to and compared with L. scintillans.