Coconut Shell Charcoal Research Articles

Kinetic Studies on MB Adsorption by Graphene like Material from Coconut Shell Charcoal

Coconut shell (CS) activated carbon is widely used for water purification, but its adsorption capacity is inferior compare to graphene oxide (GO). GO has oxygen functional groups so it can effectively bind pollutants like methylene blue (MB). In this study we synthesized graphene-like material from CS charcoal using the modified Hummers method by varying its oxidation times. The XRD decomposition results for H-CS3.2 show a structural composition similar to GO material. The diffraction peak at 10.7° (3.04%) falls within GO's characteristic range of 8°-11°, supported by a Raman ID/IG ratio of 0.95. In contrast, H-CS3.1 material does not exhibit GO's structural composition, with a diffraction peak at 13.9° (1.09%). An increasing of oxidation time, enhanced adsorption capacity in the equilibrium state of H-CS3.2 (22.368 mg/g) surpassing H-CS3.1 (17.079 mg/g). The heightened adsorption was linked to an increased O/C ratio or higher % of atomic oxygen (0.04 for H-CS3.1 and 0.17 for H-CS3.2). The pseudo second-order Ho (PSO) adsorption kinetic model demonstrated the adsorption mechanism, with active sites (oxygen functional groups) such as carbonyl (C = O) and epoxy (C – O) at basal plane carbon. Steric hindrance caused by hydroxyl functional groups (C – OH) led to a reduction in π-π interactions and decreased adsorption ability of the H-CS3.1 material. Desorption of H-CS3.1 material was influenced by MB detachment through interface diffusion.

Combined Carburizing and Shot Peening to Increase Gear Sprocket Surface Hardness

The sprocket is a crucial motorcycle component that transferengine rotational force to the wheels. However, friction between the chain and gear during the operation leads to wear. This study aimed to enhancethe surface hardness of sprocket by combining pack carburizing and shot peening. Pack carburizing was conducted by embedding the sprocket in coconut shell charcoal powder and heating it to 850°C for 60 minutes,followed by quenching in water at 30°C. Shot peening was then applied to the carburized specimen using steel ball particles for 20 minutes at a pressure of 8 bar. Hardness testing was performed according tothe ASTM 92-17 Vickers method, andmicrostructuralanalysis was conducted using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) on the best specimen results. The hardness values for untreated, carburized, and carburized + shot peened specimens were found to be 284, 302, and 424 VHN, respectively. In this study, transverse observation of the specimen showed a carburizing layer with a depth of about 8 µm. The phenomenon was related to the increase in hardness of the carburized specimen, while the effect of shot peening for 20 minutes was about 100 µm from the surface of the specimen. This caused the hardness of the combined carburizing and shot peening specimen with a pressure of 8 bar for 20 minutes to increase hardness by about 49% compared to the non-treatment specimen. This combination significantly improved the surface hardness, potentially increasing the sprocket’s wear resistance and operational lifespan.Transverse analysis revealed an approximately 8 µmdeeo carburized layer, with the shot peening effect penetrating about 100µm from the surface. This treatment combination increased the specimen’s, suggesting a significant improvement in surface hardness, wear resistance, and overall durability of the sprocket.

Application of The Reverse Engineering In The Modelling of A Blade and Screen In A Hammer Mill

PT XYZ plans to produce coconut shell briquettes. Currently, PT XYZ already has a hammer millmachine that will be used in the production process. A hammer mill machine is a machine that servesto smooth the material. Before carrying out mass production, a simulation is carried out first. Themanufacture of briquettes found obstacles in the process of grinding and screening. Coconut shellcharcoal that has been milled and entered is partially retained and cannot be released to proceed to thenext process. The grinding result is larger than the screen size, which is 1 to 2 mm. In the manufactureof briquettes, it is expected that the grinding results are less or equal to 0.4 mm. Based on theidentification of the problem, the alternative solution chosen by the researcher is to redesign thehammer mill machine, especially on the blade and screen sections. The design is done using thereverse engineering method. There are five steps in designing using this method. In the study, it wasfound that the second design was a suitable design to be developed because it was better than theexisting state. The mill results were obtained with an average of 0.0343 mm and a grinding time of186.807 seconds. The fineness values and the grinding process time were obtained throughsimulations using the EDEM 2022.1 software.

Design of Biomaterial Absorber using coconut shell charcoal for 38 GHz frequency

Abstract Activated carbon derived from coconut shells has gained significant attention as an effective and sustainable absorber material. The process involves carbonizing coconut shells to create a carbon-rich base, followed by activation through heat and steam, leading to a porous structure with a vast surface area. In this research, coconut shell charcoal is used to make an absorber for microwave application. We used relative permittivity (ε) 3.178, relative permeability, (µ) 1.215 and dielectric loss tangent (σ) 0.0719 to simulate the material based of coconut shell charcoal. We investigate the absorption in terms of design and the size of the proposed absorber in the frequency region of 26.5 GHz to 40 GHz (Ka band). The optimal absorption was achieved with a transmission factor of -29.22 dB and -52.94 dB in both simulation and measurement. The absorption percentage > 99 % for the flat design of the coconut shell charcoal design with the thickness of 16.9 mm.

Pengaruh variasi besar butir dan variasi komposisi bahan terhadap kinerja briket arang tempurung kelapa dan sekam padi

Abundant biomass waste is often thrown away. Careless disposal of waste will have a negative impact on environmental quality. Research regarding variations in composition and grain size of biomass waste charcoal briquettes on briquette performance is feasible. The aim of the research is to obtain briquettes that have high performance. The research method used was experimental research, coconut shell charcoal and rice husk charcoal, made in sizes 20 mesh, 60 mesh and 100 mesh. Then mixed with 15% starch adhesive with variations in the composition of coconut shell charcoal (TK): rice husk charcoal (SP), namely: I (75%:25%), II (50%:50%) and III (25%:75% ), After printing, the biket is dried in the sun and in the oven until it reaches a moisture content of (14-15)%. After the briquettes are dry, the heating value, flame duration and water boiling time are tested. In the calorific value test, the greater the composition (TK), the greater the calorific value produced. The highest heating value of 5937 kcal/kg was obtained from composition I, mesh 60 and the lowest heating value of 3714 kcal/kg was obtained from composition III mesh 60. The shortest flame duration of 1386.6 seconds occurred in mesh 20 composition III and the longest flame duration was 1933.2 seconds. obtained on mesh 100 composition I. In the Boilling Time test, it was found that the larger the grain size and the greater the composition of the coconut shell charcoal mixture in bioarang briquettes, the faster the water boiling time.

Screen-printed Carbon Electrode from Coconut Shell Activated Carbon Modified with Ferrocene for Cobalt Detection

This research aims to fabricate a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) from coconut shell charcoal. The charcoal was activated with NaOH to produce activated carbon (Ac). It was mixed with acetylene black (AB) and poly (vinylidene) Fluoride (PVDF) at the mass ratio of 7:2:1 for the Ac, AB, and PVDF, respectively, followed by a dispersing with N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidinone (NMP) producing carbon slurry that was painted on a SPCE template. To increase electrochemical sensitivity, ferrocene, Fc was dropped onto the working electrode part at 10%, 20%, and 30% of the total SPCE mass. The results show that Ac is amorphous with a porous chip-like morphology containing 61.7% carbon. Ac shows vibrations of O–H, C=O, C=C, C–O, and Si–O with surface area and average pore size of 154.612 m<sup>2 </sup>g<sup>-1</sup> and 1.42 nm, respectively. The cyclic voltammetry analysis found that 10% Fc on SPCE provides the highest current density compared to 20% and 30%. Meanwhile, the 2 mV s<sup>-1</sup> scanning rate reveals a more defined anodic and cathodic peak than 3 mV s<sup>-1</sup> and 5 mV s<sup>‑1</sup>. Furthermore, the SPCE with 10% Fc shows a good sensitivity to Co (II) ions, proven by a low detection limit (LoD) of 0.224 mmol L<sup>-1</sup>

Fabrication of Coconut Shell-Derived Graphitic Activated Carbon for Carbon-based Electrode Materials

This study aims to convert low-value plantation biomass waste into high-value materials. The process involves transforming coconut shell charcoal (CSC) into activated carbon and subsequently producing coconut shell graphitic-like activated carbon (CSGAC). Using a thermal graphitization method with a FeCl3 catalyst at 900°C for 1 hour in a nitrogen atmosphere, graphite microstructures (CSGAC) were formed on the coconut shell activated carbon (CSAC) framework. XRD, FTIR, SEM, and BET analyses confirmed the successful formation of CSGAC. The electrical conductivity of CSGAC, measured at 148 µS, highlights its potential as a cost-effective, renewable, and environmentally friendly raw material for carbon-based electrodes.

Biochar Addition to 3,5-Dichloroaniline Contaminated Soil Increases Its Adsorption Capacity and Persistence but Reduces Bioavailability to Chive (Allium ascalonicum)

ABSTRACT In this study, the effects of bamboo charcoal (BBC) and coconut shell charcoal (CSC) on the adsorption and degradation of 3,5-dichloroaniline (3,5-DCA) in soil were investigated by batch equilibrium and soil incubation experiments. The pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of BBC and CSC on the uptake and bioaccumulation of 3,5-DCA in chives (Allium ascalonicum). The adsorption capacity of CSC and BBC to 3,5-DCA depended on their specific surface area and total pore volume, and the adsorption mechanism was mainly physical. Two types of biochar delayed the degradation of 3, 5-DCA in the soil and were positively correlated with their dose. Biochar effectively alleviated the negative effects of 3,5-DCA on plant height and fresh weight of chive, with a decreasing order of CSC > BBC. Compared with the control, the accumulation of 3,5-DCA in chives decreased by 36.44% ~ 65.70% and 36.05% ~ 68.12%, respectively, with the addition of 0.1% ~ 1.0% BBC and CSC. These two types of biochar increased the adsorption capacity and persistence of 3,5-DCA in soil but alleviated biotoxicity and reduced accumulation in chive plants. CSC promises greater potential than BBC for remediation of 3,5-DCA contaminated soil.

Nickel recovery in ferronickel concentrate by green selective reduction of nickel laterite

Nickel laterite is typically processed into ferronickel through a pyrometallurgical method involving high temperatures and the use of fossil fuels, such as coals or cokes. Unfortunately, this process releases emissions like CO2, SO2, and NOx into the environment. This study explores a sustainable approach for nickel laterite processing by investigating low-temperature selective reduction using various biomass reductants. The materials, including saprolitic nickel ore and biomass types (palm kernel shell charcoal or PSC, lamtoro wood charcoal, coconut shell charcoal, and rubber wood charcoal), undergo pelletization, selective reduction at 1150 °C, and wet magnetic separation. PSC biomass is superior to other biomass due to its 217.2 m2/g specific surface area value. Optimal conditions were achieved using 0.3 stoichiometric PSC, along with the addition of 10 wt% of sodium sulfate as an additive. This has led to a nickel mass fraction of 26.0 wt% and a recovery rate of 27.4 %.

Efficient preparation and oxidation kinetics of Ti3AlC2 powder via coconut shell charcoal as carbon source

Ti3AlC2 powder was prepared via an efficient solid-liquid reaction in flowing argon using coconut shell charcoal as novel carbon source, and phase evolution, microstructure and oxidation behavior of Ti3AlC2 powder were investigated. The results show that coconut shell charcoal is dominated by amorphous carbon after carbonization with some turbostratic graphite-like structure, and large specific surface area of coconut shell charcoal gives its excellent reactivity. Ti3AlC2 powder prepared at 1400 °C for 1.5 h exhibits good crystallinity and typical nanolayered structure. Ti3AlC2 powder remains thermally stable in air below 552 °C, while oxidizing occurs rapidly between 900 and 1100 °C. The isothermal oxidation curves show a parabolic-like, indicating that the oxidation process is primarily controlled by a diffusion mechanism. The good oxidation resistance of Ti3AlC2 powder is attributed to the oxidized products of TiO2 and Al2O3 grains formed a connected and dense protective layer on the particle surface at elevated temperatures.

An organic visible-photocatalytic-adsorbence mechanism to high-efficient removal of heavy metal antimony ions

Purification of emerging heavy metal antimony contaminated water based on advanced ingenious strategies. An activated modified coconut shell charcoal (CSC) was synthesized and evaluated as a substrate-supported loaded organic photovoltaic material, PM6:PYIT:PM6-b-PYIT, to prepare a surprisingly highly efficient, stable, environmentally friendly, and recyclable organic photocatalyst (CSC–N–P.P.P), which showed excellent effects on the simultaneous removal of Sb(III) and Sb(V). The removal efficiency of CSC-N-P.P.P on Sb(Ⅲ) and Sb(V) reached an amazing 99.9% in quite a short duration of 15 min. At the same time, under ppb level and indoor visible light (∼1 W m−2), it can be treated to meet the drinking water standards set by the European Union and the U.S. National Environmental Protection Agency in 5 min, and even after 25 cycles of recycling, the efficiency is still maintained at about 80%, in addition to the removal of As (III), Cd (II), Cr (VI), and Pb (II) can also be realized. The catalyst not only solves the problems of low reuse rate, difficult structure adjustment and high energy consumption of traditional photocatalysts but also has strong applicability and practical significance. The pioneering approach provides a much-needed solution strategy for removing highly toxic heavy metal antimony pollution from the environment.

The Significance of Lignocellulosic Raw Materials on the Pore Structure of Activated Carbons Prepared by Steam Activation.

Five different lignocellulosic raw materials (coconut shells, Moso bamboo, sawtooth oak, Chinese fir, and Masson pine) were used to prepare activated carbons by steam activation at 850 °C to evaluate the effects of their structures on physical activation. The chemical compositions, botanic forms, and pore structures of the lignocellulose-based charcoal samples were systematically characterized by proximate and ultimate analyses, scanning electron microscopy, and mercury injection porosimetry. It was found that the rate of the activation reaction between charcoal and steam is determined by the porosity of the precursor. Pore structure results show that the steam activation of coconut shell and bamboo charcoals primarily produced micropores, thus yielding microporous activated carbon materials with just a few mesopores, even following a high burn-off of >66%. The steam activation of sawtooth oak charcoals produced mainly micropores at a low burn-off of <50% and both micropores and mesopores at a high burn-off of >50%. The steam activation of Chinese fir and Masson pine charcoals produced mainly mesopores at a burn-off of 0-80%. These mesopores were remarkably broadened to >20 nm on extending the activation time, resulting in a high vitamin B12 (VB12) adsorption capacity of ~530 mg/g. In conclusion, the raw lignocellulosic materials used as precursors have a decisive effect on the development of pore structures in activated carbon materials obtained through physical activation.

Crystal Structure Parameter Analysis of Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) from Coconut Shell Charcoal

In this research, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) material from coconut shell charcoal was synthesized using the modified Hummer method. The reduction process of Graphene Oxide (GO) to rGO uses the reducing agent L-Ascorbic Acid (LAA) and is assisted by microwave radiation. The samples obtained were then characterized using XRD to analyze the crystal structure parameters of the rGO samples obtained. Based on the XRD results, the data obtained was then analyzed using the Scherrer and modified Scherrer equations to determine the crystal size in the sample. In addition, the Williamson-Hall equation is also used to analyze crystal size and lattice strain. This article also analyzes XRD data using the Rietveld method using Rietica software. The output from the Rietica software obtained lattice parameter values a ≠ b ≠ c and angle α = β = γ = 90° which indicates an orthorhombic crystal lattice structure. In the refinement process, Rietica's software affects the suitability parameters in the form of R and GOF indicator values. The sample obtained was also measured for the electrical conductivity value of the rGO sample using an LCR meter.

The Chemical Properties of a Mixing of Palm Kernel Shell Charcoal and Coconut Shell Charcoal in Making Briquettes

This study aims to make briquettes from palm shells and coconut shells and determine the chemical properties of mixing palm shells and coconut shells. The study was conducted using the Complete Random Design (RAL) method by testing water content, ash content, volatile matter, and fixed carbon. The mixing treatment of palm shells and coconut shells according to the ratio, namely P1 = palm shell:coconut shell (100:0), P2 = palm shell:coconut shell (75:25), P3 = palm shell:coconut shell (50:50), P4 = palm shell:coconut shell (25:75), P5 = palm shell:coconut shell (0:100). The results showed that the ratio of a mixture of palm shell charcoal and coconut shell charcoal had no significant effect on water content, ash content, and fixed carbon. However, differences in significance occur in volatile matter. P2, P3, P4, and P5 have met SNI standard No.1-6235-2000, but P1 has not met SNI standard No.1-6235-2000.

Transformasi Ekonomi Perempuan Melalui Umkm Olahan Ikan: Inovasi Dan Pemberdayaan Kampung Nelayan Desa Salira

Waste accumulation is occurring in several areas, including the Pancalaksana village in the Curug district of Serang city. In general, coconut shell waste is often utilized to make charcoal, but this is not the case for the utilization of durian skin. Currently, there is a way to turn coconut shell charcoal into bioenergy products in the form of briquettes. The training on processing coconut shell and durian skin into triangular charcoal briquettes lasts for 7 days. Starting from drying the waste, burning, manufacturing and printing, drying again, testing, and ending with packaging the product. Several issues that arise in each process have successfully found solutions. With the final result that the charcoal briquettes made have successfully ignited after being dried and solidified. Triangular-shaped charcoal briquettes are an innovation offered by the service team. In addition to its shape being different from the charcoal briquettes that have been circulating so far, the triangular shape also has advantages based on tests conducted by the service team before this training activity took place. That is in terms of the duration of flame resistance on the embers. Product packaging is done using materials that are easy to find and environmentally friendly. However, it still possesses aesthetic value and ergonomic value in the packaging.

Pengolahan Limbah Batok Kelapa Dan Limbah Kulit Durian Menjadi Briket Arang Segitiga Dengan Pengemasan Ergonomis

Waste accumulation occurs in several areas, including in Pancalaksana Village, Curug District, Serang City. In general, coconut shell waste has often been used as charcoal, but this does not happen to the use of durian shells. Currently, there is a way to make coconut shell charcoal into bioenergy products in the form of briquettes. The training on processing coconut shell waste and durian peels into triangular charcoal briquettes lasted for 7 days. Starting from waste drying, incineration, manufacturing and printing, drying, testing, and ending with product packaging. Several problems that arise in each process have managed to find solutions. With the final result that the charcoal briquettes made have successfully ignited after the briquettes are dried in the sun until they are dry and sturdy. Charcoal briquettes with a triangular shape are an innovation offered by the service team. In addition to this shape being different from the charcoal briquettes that have been circulating so far, the triangular shape also has advantages based on tests that had been carried out by the service team before this training activity was carried out. That is in terms of the duration of the flame resistance on the coals. Product packaging is carried out using materials that are easy to find and environmentally friendly. However, it still has aesthetic value and ergonomic value in the packaging

Pembuatan Briket Biomassa Berbahan Baku Kulit Pisang Kepok dan Kulit Pisang Raja dengan Aditif Tempurung Kelapa

Energy sources that promise to replace our dependence on fossil fuels include biomass waste sources. This study studied the characteristics of biobriquettes from variations of kapok banana peels plus coconut shells and variations of plantain peels added coconut shells with variations in the addition of tapioca adhesive. This study was designed with fixed variables of variation in raw material composition with a sample of 90:10; 80:20; 70:30 (grams) and tapioca adhesive composition 10; 20; 30; 40; 50 (%). Banana peels that have dried naturally are then carbonized with a temperature of 300°C -350°C for 3 hours. The process of making biobriquettes begins with the crushing of charcoal and filtering charcoal grains so that a grain size of 60 mesh is obtained. Then the charcoal is mixed between kapok banana peel charcoal and plantain with coconut shell charcoal with a variation of 90:10; 80:20; 70:30 (grams) then the variation of the charcoal mixture is mixed with tapioca flour as an adhesive with variation 10; 20; 30; 40; 50 (%). Then formed biobriquette dough, then molded with a pressure of 100 kg / cm2 and dried under the hot sun. Furthermore, the charcoal is characterized by 5 parameters, namely moisture content, ash content, bound carbon content and calorific value test and compressive test. The best results for banana kepok obtained from this study were in a sample of a mixture variation of 70:30 grams with a variation of a 20% tapioca adhesive mixture. With a moisture content value of 6.95%, ash content of 16.6%, bound carbon content of 60.45%, calorific value of 6,539.04 cal/g and a compressive test value of 86.98 kg/cm2. The best results for plantains obtained from this study were in samples of mixed variations of 70:30 grams with variations of tapioca adhesive mixtures of 50%. With a moisture content value of 7.09%, ash content of 15.8%, bound carbon content of 62.31%, calorific value of 5,415.14 cal/g and a compressive test value of 89.69 kg/cm2. The results obtained in this study for water content, ash content and bound carbon content have not met, then for calorific values and compressive tests have met SNI 01-6235-2000 standards, which are ≥ 5,000 cal / g.

An investigation on purity enhancement through hydrofluoric acid treatment in graphite powder derived from coconut shell

The present research emphasizes a novel approach for synthesizing graphite powder derived from coconut shell (CS) as a precursor, particularly focusing on investigating the effects of hydrofluoric acid (HF) in removing silica and other impurities. The cost-effective pyrolysis technique employed in synthesizing graphite powder entails heating CS to 900 °C, followed by treatment with HF at varying sample-to-acid ratios. Several characterization methods are used to validate the successful synthesis of graphite powder, such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman Spectroscopy, Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). XRD analysis shows a distinctive graphitic structure, with Gr14 (graphite prepared with a CSCP to HF ratio of 1:4) exhibiting a high graphitization degree of 93.02 %, indicative of excellent crystal structure and high-quality graphite. FTIR analysis of coconut shell charcoal powder (CSCP) reveals the presence of various oxygen-related functional groups, effectively removed by HF washing, leading to graphite with minimal impurities. The Raman spectra of Gr14 demonstrate fewer defects and a more organized structure than other samples. SEM image of CSCP reveals particles with non-uniform morphologies, while the EDX spectra indicate that Gr14 consists of 97.84 % carbon. Treating CSCP with HF enhances the electrical conductivity of the graphite, with Gr14 exhibiting a higher conductivity value. TGA results reveal the improved thermal stability of the graphite. The residual weight of Gr14 is maximum, confirming its exceptional thermal stability and purity. The findings suggest that HF has a significant influence on improving the purity of CS-derived graphite. The study concludes that, among the prepared samples, Gr14 exhibits favorable characteristics, such as minimal impurities, superior crystal structure, higher carbon content, good electrical conductivity, high thermal stability, and fewer defects, comparable to pure graphite. Future research in this study aims to use CS-derived graphite powder for synthesizing nanomaterials like graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO).

Pelatihan Pembuatan Arang Briket dengan Pemanfaatan Limbah Batok Kelapa di Desa Pangpong

The aim of carrying out this community service is to provide an understanding of the importance of coconut shell briquette charcoal as an alternative fuel which is usually used for cooking, especially for grilling food, to train Pangpong Village residents in providing training on the process of making charcoal briquettes to the Pangpong Village community through 3 stages, namely the preliminary stage, socialization stage, and final evaluation stage. It is hoped that this program can run well and increase the insight of the people of Pangpong Village, Labang District, Bangkalan Regency. The results of this training program are to increase public understanding about making coconut shell charcoal briquettes and the output is expected to be published in community service journals.

Energy Audit on Coconut Shell Charcoal Briquettes Production, Case Study in PT Tom Cococha, Indonesia

Abstract To increase the competitiveness of Indonesian charcoal briquettes in the global market, the production should be using more efficient energy in order to reduce production cost and getting “green product” label. The first step that can be done is to conduct an energy audit that will help the company to find out the patterns of energy use in its production activities and conduct an analysis to see the energy saving opportunities that can be done. This research aims to conduct an energy audit on the charcoal briquette production process at PT Tom Cococha Indonesia. The production stages which were covered in the auditing are grinding and sieving of the coconut shell charcoal, adhesive mixing, molding, drying, and packaging the product. The result of energy auditing which was conducted in the period of June 22 to 28, 2022, shows that the total energy required for processing coconut shell charcoal into coconut shell charcoal briquettes is 6.00 MJ/kg briquettes. Biomass was the largest energy supplier (42.35% of the total energy required) followed by diesel oil (10.24% of the total energy required), and drying process consumed more than 90% of the total energy required. Due to the high energy demand in the drying stage, a detailed audit has been undertaken on the drying process. There are 2 types of dryer machines which have been used for the drying process. Results of the detailed audit in the drying process shows that the energy required at the drying stage by using a diesel oil-fueled dryer is 3.23 MJ / kg of briquettes with a heat use efficiency rate of 78,6%. As for drying by using a biomass-fueled dryer, it is 3.50 MJ / kg briquettes with a heat use efficiency rate of 76%. According to the findings of a thorough energy audit, the electric motors which were used in the production process have technical efficiency less than 80%. According to the result, energy-saving efforts include implementing an ISO 50001-compliant energy management system and performing regular machine maintenance are strongly recommended to be done.