Coconut Shell Charcoal Research Articles

VS BRIKET ARANG (Studi Kelayakan Pendirian Usaha Briket Arang Kelapa Di Kota Palembang)

VS Charcoal Briquettes is a business engaged in trading that sells charcoalbriquettes from coconut shells, which are planned to be marketed to restaurants and UMKM thatuse charcoal as a cooking medium for their products, VS Charcoal Briquettes are trying tointroduce this coconut charcoal briquettes to be used in restaurants , UMKM and evensupermarkets in the city of Palembang, this is done not without reason, judging from theadvantages of this coconut charcoal briquette, it is very much compared to the use of ordinarycharcoal. Other things that burn easily or quickly burn, coconut shell charcoal briquettes have along usability because they don't run out quickly when burned, in the process of burning charcoalbriquettes do not have flying powder and also the smoke produced by charcoal briquettes is not asmuch as ordinary charcoal. reduce smoke pollution in the city of Palembang, the use of briquetteset coconut shell charcoal is also considered safer than ordinary charcoal, because it has a slowburning power.

Pengaruh Suhu dan Waktu Pirolisis terhadap Karakteristik Arang dari Tempurung Kelapa

The increased production of coconut has increased by the shell produced, even though this coconut shell has lignin content of 33.30% so it has the potential to be converted into charcoal through the pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis is a thermal decomposition process that occurs without air or with little air to convert biomass into charcoal. Coconut shell charcoal can be used for coal co-firing in developing new and renewable energy. This study aimed to obtain the best pyrolysis temperature and time in the manufacture of high-calorific value coconut shell charcoal in accordance with SNI 06-4369-1996. Coconut shell pyrolysis was carried out at temperatures of 350 °C, 450 °C and 550 °C and pyrolysis times of 2 hours, 3 hours and 4 hours. The results showed that charcoal with the highest calorific value was produced at a temperature of 450 °C and a pyrolysis time of 3 hours. The resulting charcoal had calorific value of 7,750.96 cal/g, yield of 30.10%, and contained 2.75% water, 2.70% ash and 9.50% volatile matter.

Utilization of Cassava Peel (Manihot utilissima) Waste as an Adhesive in the Manufacture of Coconut Shell (Cocos nucifera) Charcoal Briquettes

Coconut shells and waste cassava peels could be used as the main raw material for biomass briquettes for alternative energy sources in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the quality of briquettes based on a coconut shell and cassava peel adhesive through proximate analysis with three treatment ratio variations. The ratio of coconut shell to cassava peel used varied from V1 (75%:25%), V2 (70%:30%), and V3 (65%:35%). Based on the result, the charcoal briquettes produced have a density of 0.61 gram/cm³-0.66 gram/cm³, water content of 5.51%-7.85%, ash content of 1.50%-2.86%, combustion rate of 0.021 gram/s-0.026 gram/s, and the calorific value of 6,161 cal/gram-6,266 cal/gram. However, all the treatment variations appropriate the SNI 01-6235-2000, the national standard of Indonesia for the quality of charcoal briquette, which includes the calorific value (>5,000 cal/gram), moisture content (<8%), and ash content (<8%). Briquettes with the best quality were generated by V1 with a density of 0.66 gram/cm³, water content of 5.51%, ash content of 1.50%, combustion rate of 0.026 gram/s, and calorific value of 6,266 cal/gram. Furthermore, briquette material from the coconut shell waste with natural cassava peel adhesive can be feasible as an alternative fuel.

Youth Empowerment for Productive Economic Efforts in the Use of Coconut Charcoal Shells

The use of coconut fruit waste (coco nucifera) is still very open to be studied and further developed in Indonesia as a tropical country that has very abundant natural resources to be utilized optimally. This is also considering that although almost all parts of the coconut fruit have been taken advantage of, many are also wasted into waste such as the fibers and shells. One of the uses of coconut shells is used as charcoal fuel. Coconut shell charcoal is usually further processed into briquettes and until now is used by the community for household, business, and industrial purposes. The use of coconut shells can be done to overcome wastewater.Changes and village building initiatives must grow from young people or millennials who act as agents of change. The research approach used is a type of pedagogic approach that leads to providing a description of the object of research and its relation to everything studied in the form of interviews and the results of the author’s observations during the activity and after the activity. In this study, a qualitative descriptive design type was used. Researchers are trying to obtain and describe data about this service activity in the form of Training on Making Shells into Charcoal with the theme “Training on Making charcoal into shells in Kedung Soka Village, Ampel Island District, Serang Regency, Banten Province, Indonesia”.

Method for the determination of tetrachloromethane, trichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, and tetrachloroethene in the air at workplaces

Chemical substances from the halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons group are used in industry, e.g., as intermediates in syntheses, auxiliaries, solvents in degreasing processes, and laboratory tests. Due to their harmful effects on human health and the environment, their use is often banned or limited to certain industrial uses only. A sorbent tube containing 2 layers (100/50 mg) of coconut shell charcoal was used as a sampler for air sampling. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique and the use of HP-5MS column (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm), an oven temperature ramp program from 40°C to 250°C and selected ion monitoring mode were chosen for the determination. The established chromatographic conditions enable the simultaneous determination of tetrachloromethane, trichlorethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane and tetrachloroethene in the concentration range 2-100 μg/ml. The average desorption coefficients obtained were: 0.97 for tetrachloromethane, 0.96 for trichloroethene, 0.96 for 1,1,2-trichloroethane and 0.96 for tetrachloroethene. The calculation of the substance concentration in the analyzed air requires the determination of the amount of substances trapped by the sorbent tube, the desorption coefficient and the air sample volume. Adequate dilution of the extract makes it possible to determine tetrachloromethane, trichloroethene, 1,1,2-trichloroethane and tetrachloroethene in ranges corresponding to 0.1-2 times the maximum admissible concentrations in the workplace air. This article discusses the issues occupational safety and health, which are the subject matter of health sciences and environmental engineering research. Med Pr. 2023;74(1):53-62.

Characteristics of Graphene Like Material Synthesized from Coconut Shell Charcoal Powder using Solid State Method

We synthesized graphene like material from coconut shell charcoal powder (CSP) using solid-state method followed by exfoliation using H 2 SO 4 . In the synthesis, CSP was mixed with KOH in a ratio of 1:5 followed by heating at a temperature of 850ºC for 1 hour to obtain Coconut Shell Graphitization (CSG). The synthesized CSG was then exfoliated for 1 hour using ultrasonication in H 2 SO 4 which was referred as Coconut Shell Graphitization_Exfoliated (CSG_E). The infrared spectra results of the two products showed the presence of C-C, C=C, C-O-C, C-O-OH groups which are characteristics of reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The Raman spectroscopy results show that the synthesized materials have D and G bands with ID/IG ratio of 0.98-0.96, that indicates the presence of impurities in the form of an oxide group on the graphene surface. Decomposition analysis using the help of the Lorentz Function show that the XRD pattern of the synthesized material have graphene structure at 2θ = 26.59º, and the rGO structure at 13.88º, and 19.09º with its 2nd order at 42.89º. The measurement results indicate that the synthesized materials are rGO. The data analysis shows that CSG consists of 83.09% rGO and 16.91% graphene, after exfoliation the rGO content of CSG_E rises to 87.27%

Effect of adding coconut shell charcoal powder on clay impermeable layer small dam core material

Clay soil is widely chosen to be used as a waterproof core layer material in ponds because there is a tendency to have water-tight properties. However, in general conditions, clay soil has several weaknesses and causes problems in civil construction, such as low shear strength and high plasticity. The existence of this condition is certainly a consideration to improve the mechanical properties of the clay when it is to be used as a waterproof core layer in the reservoir. This effort is carried out to increase the shear strength of the soil and reduce its permeability so that it can meet the requirements as soil for an impermeable core layer. The permeability coefficient for the minimum pond core material is less than or equal to 1x10-6 cm/sec. In this study, coconut shell charcoal was used as a stabilizing agent for clay soil. The percentage variations of the coconut shell charcoal mixture used were 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. This study aims to determine the effect of coconut shell charcoal powder on the permeability coefficient, and the shear strength of clay soil which will be used as the core material of the watertight reservoir. The tests carried out in this study were atterberg limit testing, grain gradation analysis, compaction, shear strength, and permeability. Based on the results of testing with soil samples varying from a mixture of 0% to 20% coconut shell charcoal, it was found that the best addition of coconut shell charcoal for shear strength testing was a mixture variation of 15% with a cohesion value of 0.353 kg/cm2 and a mixture variation of 20 % with a sliding angle value of 43.2580. Whereas in the permeability test on the coconut shell charcoal mixture of 15% is the best addition of coconut shell charcoal with a permeability coefficient of 2.106x10-7 cm/second.

Experimental Investigation of Coconut Shell Charcoal Ash in Bituminous Concrete

For upgradation of roads and to reduce the cost of bituminous road numerous materials are used one among them is coconut shell charcoal ash which is used in flexible pavements as a filler. The primary impartial of this study is to match the results produced by using filler such as fly ash with coconut shell charcoal ash in bituminous concrete. Coconut shell charcoal ash contain the properties like absorption, light weight, low cost, resistance to freezing, resistance to crushing which is the most significant factor for the road pavements.in this study test was performed like Marshall stability test stability, flow value, VMA and void ratio. In this research the Marshall stability increases with the increase of filler in the Marshall cake. The flow value increases with the increase of coconut shell charcoal as a filler and decreases the void ratio and VMA with the increase of filler. The different percentage of coconut shell charcoal ash are 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5% and 3% are used in test with 5.5% bitumen.

Pengaruh Temperatur Karbonisasi Terhadap Karakteristik Briket Berbasis Arang Sekam Padi Dan Tempurung Kelapa

The effects of carbonized temperature on the briket-based properties of rice husks and coconut shells. This study aims to determine the effects of carbonization on brique-based, rice husk and coconut shell which include water content, ash content, volatile matter content, and calorific value. The research method used in this study is purely experimental within a process of carbonization of rice husk divested by free variables at temperatures of 300°C, 400°C, and 500°C for 30 minutes and carbonized coconut shells with a constant variable temperature of 500°C for 2 hours. Measures of a rice chaff and coconut shell of 200 mesh. Making briquettes with fixed variables, namely the composition of rice husk charcoal: coconut shell charcoal = 1: 3 (5 g:15 g) and printed using a pressure of 99.91 kPa. Then do the testing of water content, ash content, volatile matter and heating value. Test results on each type of briquettes with variations in the temperature of 300°C rice husk carbonization and 500°C coconut shell, 400oC rice husk carbonization temperature and 500°C coconut shell and 500°C rice husk carbonization temperature and 500°C coconut shell temperature were respectively obtained for 0.78% water content , 0.56% and 0.41%, ash content of 42.40%, 35.50% and 32.70%, volatile matter of 26.19%, 24.92% and 24.38%, and calorific value amounted to 3381.70 cal/g, 4261.50 cal/g, and 4621.50 cal/g.

Effect of Adhesive Type on the Quality of Coconut Shell Charcoal Briquettes Prepared by the Screw Extruder Machine

Effect of Adhesive Type on the Quality of Coconut Shell Charcoal Briquettes Prepared by the Screw Extruder Machine

The Case Study of Isothermal Adsorption of Phenol, O-cresol on Natural Charcoal’s and Applications

Abstract: This Activated carbon (AC) was synthesized using inexpensive Coconut shell and Coconut coir’s by a simple and efficient method. The adsorption experiments were well incorporated on the AC surface by the reactions of Aromatic chemical (o-cresol and phenol) at low temperatures. The complete formation and distribution nanoparticles on the surface of AC have been analysed and explained by different analytical techniques such as TG-DTA, NTA, UV-VISIBLE, DRS, FTIR, XRD. Further, the adsorption property was investigated through adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms, and thermodynamics parameters. The maximum adsorption capacity (Q max) of adsorbent was displayed at Coconut shell charcoal rather than coconut coir’s charcoal for both aromatic compounds. The application of the Coconut shell charcoal and coconut coir’s have made to adsorption study of Mithi river and Industrial water inlet collected from industry. The importance and role of the AC were examined by a comparative adsorption study of the previous work done. The adsorption studies confirmed that adsorption of adsorbates takes place via the formation of hydrogen bonding, π-π interactions and metal coordination between adsorbent and pollutants. Overall results suggested that AC-Coconut shell and Coconut coir’s is a prominent adsorbent for efficient removal of pollutant from polluted water.

ASSESSMENT OF VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) WITH GATE-TO-GATE LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT ANALYSIS APPROACH

<p><em>VCO or Virgin Coconut Oil is a high-quality crude oil extract formed from coconut without chemical compound addition or high-temperature heating. The differences between VCO and other coconut oil are commercial coconut oil produced from copra or dried coconut meat. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a method used to assess a product based on its lifespan, starting from extracting raw materials for the product to the industrial manufacturing process to product distribution. This LCA aims to implement zero waste on VCO Production by using wasted coconut water in some product that has economic value. We suggest a solution for coconut water waster with two alternatives, namely nata de coco production and coconut shell charcoal. Options to improve environmental quality were selected based on wastewater parameters and the resulting CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent.</em></p>

Sulfur Removal and Iron Extraction from Natrojarosite Residue of Laterite Nickel Ore Processing by Reduction Roasting

An alternative laterite nickel ore processing using sulfuric acid as a leaching agent to produce class 1 nickel as a raw material for electric vehicle batteries produces natrojarosite residue as a by-product during the precipitation of iron and aluminum step. The natrojarosite residue contained iron and high sulfur, which is challenging to utilize as an iron source for steel manufacturing since sulfur can contaminate the steel product. This study focuses on sulfur elimination and iron extraction from natrojarosite. The natrojarosite was roasted for sulfur removal isothermally at different temperatures ranging from 500 until 1100 °C for 4 h. Roasting at 1100 °C resulted a decrease in sulfur content from 12.18% to 3.81% and an increase in iron content from 16.23% to 28.54%. The sulfur released during roasting can, in principle, be recirculated to a sulfuric acid plant and reused as a leaching agent in the nickel ore processing plant. The unroasted and roasted natrojarosite residues were then reduced by coconut shell charcoal in the temperature range of 1000–1400 °C. The results showed that the metallic iron could be obtained from both unroasted and roasted natrojarosite residue at a temperature of 1200 °C and higher. The sulfur content in the oxide phase of unroasted natrojarosite residue was significantly higher than roasted natrojarosite residue. However, the roasting did not significantly influence the sulfur content in the metal phase. The sulfur content in the metal phase from unroasted and roasted natrojarosite residue was less than 1.2%. This result indicated that the removal of sulfur and metal oxide reduction in the natrojarosite residue could be carried out simultaneously in one stage where the natrojarosite residue is reduced by carbonaceous material at a temperature of 1200 °C or higher.

IMPLEMENTATION A COMBINATION OF BIO-DESULFUSIZATION AND TRICKLING FILTRATION TECHNOLOGIES WITH A VARIETY OF COCONUT SHELL CHARCOAL FILTER MEDIA IN REDUCING THE CONTENT OF H2S AND TSS IN THE LEATHER-BASED CLOTHING INDUSTRY

<p>Waste generated as a result of the leather processing industry can be in the form of solid, liquid and gas waste. Waste generated from the textile industry made from clothing H2S and TSS which if not treated properly, will be very dangerous for health and the environment. One of the efforts to overcome this problem, is offered in the form of a simple, inexpensive and efficient H2S and TSS waste treatment technology, namely by using a combination of bio-desulfurization and trickling filtration methods as a means of treating liquid waste in the leather-based textile industry, especially for parameters, H2S and TSS. Bio-desulfurization is a sulfur removal process by utilizing the metabolism of microorganisms, namely by converting hydrogen sulfide into elementary sulfur, and trickling wastewater filtration is a treatment process by spreading wastewater into a pile or media bed consisting of Coconut Shell Charcoal to reduce H2S and TSS content in leather-based clothing industry wastewater. The results of the study for H2S parameters in wastewater treated in bio desulfurization reactor and trickling filter with Coconut Shell Charcoal filtering media, the biggest decrease was in filter media with a thickness of 60 cm with a contact time of 30 minutes of 4.43 mg/lt or 88.84%. Likewise, the largest decrease in TSS parameter content was found in a 60 cm filter media thickness with a contact time of 30 minutes of 47.67 mg/lt or 82.54%.</p>

STATUS MUTU AIR SUMUR GALI DAN PENGENDALIANNYA DI PEMUKIMAN PIR2 ARSO KABUPATEN KEEROM

Utilizing hygienic and sanitary water is absolutely necessary to avoid unwanted negative impacts. This research was conducted in PIR 2, Arso, Keerom Regency from August to October 2022. This research aims to determine the quality status of dug well water by using the pollution index method with 18 (eighteen) water pollution parameters namely: physical parameters (turbidity, color, TDS, temperature, taste and smell), chemical parameters (pH, iron, fluoride, hardness, manganese, nitrate, nitrite, cyanide, detergents and total pesticides) as well as biological parameters (total Coliform and Escherichia coli). The samples in this research were taken from four sample points (research stations), namely station 1 (line 1), station 2 (line 2), station 3 (line 3) and station 4 (line 4). The results showed that the water quality status of dug wells at stations 2 and 3 obtained a pollution index of 10.28 and 12.72 respectively and classified as heavily polluted, while at stations 1 and 4 the pollution index was 2.38 and 4.80 respectively and both stations were classified as lightly polluted. Water parameters that did not qualify water quality standards were turbidity, iron content and Escherichia coli. A suitable water management plan to fulfill the quality standard requirements was the well water must be filtered using zeolite media, sand, palm fiber and activated carbon (coconut shell charcoal) and added a little chlorine (chlorine) or alum to the reservoir before filtration.

Strategi Pemasaran Usaha Ekspor Briket Arang Tempurung Kelapa pada PT. Taiba Cococha Indonesia

This research was conducted to determine the marketing strategy of export businesses coconut shell charcoal briquettes at PT. Taiba Cococha Indonesia and obstacles and efforts made. This research uses the method qualitative research of a descriptive nature. Data collection from This research is by interview and observation. Data sources on This study used data collection techniques in this study the author made a direct visit to PT. Taiba Cococha Indonesia to conduct interviews. Marketing strategy of PT. Taiba Cococha Indonesia's doing so is by making various innovations by maximizing customer service and improving product quality coconut shell charcoal briquettes. Other strategies that conducted PT. Taiba Cococha Indonesia is by improving marketing through social media to reach a wider market.

Effectiveness of Coconut Charcoal Shell Activated Carbon Filtration to Lower Fe in Cisterns Water: A Case Study in Arsopura, Keerom Regency, Papua

Clean water consumed daily should not contain excessive Fe (iron) because it can cause health problems. The Fe can be reduced by filtering using activated carbon such as those found in coconut shells. For this reason, this study will analyze the effectiveness of iron filtration in excavated well water in Arso Pura, Keerom Regency, Papua Indonesia. The method used is an experiment with Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Purposive sampling was carried out on community dug well water in Arso Pura, Keerom Regency, Papua by measuring Fe levels before and after using coconut shell activated carbon and the use of miner areas of 2 Inches, 3 Inches and 4 Inches. The results of the Anova test, namely a p-value of 0.00<0.05, indicate that filtration with coconut shell charcoal and the addition of a cross-sectional area of the cross-sectional area have a significant effect or significantly different treatment on Fe (Mg / l). The result was with a cross-sectional area of 2 inches H with a decrease of 47.62%; 3 Inch to 59.05%, and 4 Inch to 63.81%. The results of the screening have not been able to meet the requirements for Fe levels in potable water. For this reason, a larger miner expansion mechanism and/or a different filtration approach is needed that must be carried out on the dug well water in Arsopuro to make it drinkable.

Pemanfaatan Limbah Lumpur IPAL Proses Biologi Sebagai Bahan Bakar Alternatif dalam Bentuk Briket

Industrial WWTP sludge has not been used properly, especially biological process WWTP sludge can be used as an alternative fuel in the form of briquettes. The purpose of this study was to determine potential utilization of biological process WWTP sludge as briquettes, and to determine the effect of adding variations charcoal to the quality of briquettes. The biological process WWTP sludge was obtained from the Trio Food, Cianjur. The dried sludge has a calorific value 2468 cal/g. The research methodology includes material drying, size reduction (250 μm), mixing, molding, and briquette drying. Briquettes are made with variations in the addition of 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% charcoal. The results of the study showed that the addition of charcoal resulted increase in the water content, fixed carbon, and calorific value of briquettes as well decrease in ash content, and volatile matter. The highest calorific value in the variation of the addition charcoal is 70% at 3819 cal/g, the value still does not meet SNI 1/6235/2000 (standard for wood charcoal briquettes). The biological process WWTP sludge has potential to be used as fuel in the form of briquettes with the addition of coconut shell charcoal and carbonized coal.

STUDY OF MAKING BIOMASS BRIQUETTES FROM COCONUT SHELL AND TAPIOCA ADHESIVE

One of the natural resources in Indonesia, especially Tarakan City, is the coconut plant. Coconut shells in Tarakan City are usually used for charcoal to be burned directly as an alternative fuel. This study aims to process charcoal from coconut shells into a more efficient fuel, that’s is biomass briquettes. Biomass briquettes from coconut shells are processed from charcoal making, milling, dough making, molding and drying. Coconut shell charcoal is mashed manually and combined with adhesive from tapioca flour with a ratio of coconut shell charcoal powder to tapioca flour powder is 5:1. Briquettes are printed in the form of tubes with a diameter of 4 cm and a length of 3 cm. The briquettes that have been molded are then dried in an oven at 110oC for 24 hours to remove the moisture content in the briquettes. In the study of application, it takes 10 minutes to cook 2 liters of water to a boil, which is equivalent to using a PGN gas stove with a medium flame setting, and in the process of cooking 2 liters of water it uses 602.8 grams of fuel with 390.2 grams of remaining fuel, and the efficiency is 37.14 %

The Opportunity Export of Coconut Shell Charcoal Briquettes from Indonesia in the International Market

The Opportunity Export of Coconut Shell Charcoal Briquettes from Indonesia in the International Market