Coconut Plantations Research Articles

Rekomendasi Kualitas Pupuk Terhadap Jenis Tanah Dengan Menggunakan Metode Fuzzy ANP

The world's need for palm oil (Crude Palm Oil/CPO) continues to increase every day. In one hectare of oil palm plants that are 8-10 years old with a production of 25 tons of FFB per year, the required nutrients are 193 kg Nitrogen, 26 kg Phosphorus, 251 kg Potassium and 61 kg Magnesium. To meet the needs of these nutrients, maintenance is carried out in applying fertilizer. Fertilizer determination is carried out by competent experts in the field. These expert recommendations provide accurate fertilizer choices, just that Sometimes it takes a long time to determine fertilizer recommendations, there are no experts on-site experts or high maintenance costs.To overcome the problem of determining palm oil fertilizer quickly and precisely to increase palm oil production through computerization, a system was built Determination of fertilizer on soil type using the Fuzzy ANP method. Criteria used are the amount of fertilizer, plant age, rainfall/year and nutrient deficiency (leaf color), input value Crips from each of these criteria will later be used to determine each suitability alternatives on each criterion. This system will be built on a web basis. The accuracy results carried out in this research obtained accuracy in the case study of coconut plants palm oil using the F-ANP Method is 82.6%

Socioeconomic Profile of Coconut Farmers in Sei Kepayang Tengah Village Asahan Regency (Analysis of Education, Housing and Income)

Coconut farmers play a crucial role in Indonesia’s rural economy. Therefore, understanding their socioeconomic conditions is vital for developing appropriate development strategies. This study examines the socioeconomic conditions of coconut farmers in Sei Kepayang Tengah Village, Asahan Regency, North Sumatra. It is hoped that the research results will become empirical evidence that can be used by the local government to develop programs that pay attention to the natural resource potential of coconut plantations in Sei Kepayang Tengah—stage—at the same time, the socioeconomic conditions of coconut farmers are a vital consideration in development planning and local economic development. In 2020, the research involved 65 households as samples out of 434 Sei Kepayang Tengah Village households. The research variables include education, housing conditions, and income. Data collection was carried out through interviews and analyzed descriptively. The results indicate that most coconut farmers have a secondary education and good housing conditions, but their income generally falls below the Regional Minimum Wage.

Damage Intensity and Geographic Distribution of Oryctes rhinoceros on Coconut in Rote-Ndao, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia

Oryctes rhinoceros poses a significant threat to coconut plants in several coconut-producing nations, including Rote Ndao District. Recognizing the distribution and severity of crop damage caused by this pest in Rote Ndao Regency is crucial for preemptively preventing pest outbreaks and evaluated the extent of the damage. This study aims estimate the damage intensity and to identify the geographic distribution of O. rhinoceros in the Rote Ndao District. Conducted through a mobile across central coconut production areas in every sub-district of Rote Ndao Regency, the study examined variables such as damage symptoms, damage intensity, and spatial data represented coordinate points. Analysis of damage intensity data involved calculating average values. These coordinates were then overlaid with administrative data for Ndao Regency to create a map illustrating the distribution of damage severity. The results showed that O. rhinoceros attack symptoms on coconut plants were in ninety-five villages in ten sub-districts in Rote Ndao Regency. This pest is categorized as a pest important because the damage intensity map was found in ten sub-districts in Rote Ndao Regency. Average damage intensity is 8.99%. Multiple approaches, including sanitation environmental, sex pheromones, and entomopathogenic fungi, are employed to manage this pest effectively.

Optimizing Nutrient Management: Slow-Release NPK Granule Fertilizer Enhanced with Zeolite and Humic Acid for Sustainable Plantation Crops

A study focused on addressing the efficiency issues associated with NPK fertilizer, which is crucial for plant growth but prone to nutrient loss through various mechanisms such as leaching, volatilization, and denitrification. This research investigates the potential of zeolite and humic acid in controlling the release of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) from NPK Granule Plus fertilizer. NPK Granules Plus are made by mixing NPK fertilizer with zeolite and humic acid as a coating for controlled-release fertilizer (CRF). Incubation experiment was carried out at the Department of Soil Science and Land Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University to determine the release pattern of NPK Granule Plus in the soil. At the same time, field experiments were carried out in rubber plantations and kopyor coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) plants planted at Karangnunggal District, Tasikmalaya, West Java to determine the effect on rubber production and growth of kopyor coconut. The results of the study demonstrate that the application of NPK Granule Pus effectively mitigates the slower release of N and K. Application of NPK Granule Plus 300 kg/ha to rubber plants increased the rubber latex production by 28% over control. Meanwhile, application of NPK Granule Plus fertilizer to kopyor coconut plants increased the plant height, plant diameter, and number of leaves compared to those of NPK Granule Conventional Fertilizer. These findings suggest that the use of zeolite and humic acid in NPK Granule Plus holds promise for optimizing nutrient retention in plantation crops, ultimately enhancing the efficiency and increasing production of plants.

Insect pests in smallholding coconut plantation in Marga Sungsang Village, Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra, Indonesia

Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is one of the plantation crop commodities from the Palmae family that is widely cultivated in almost all regions in Indonesia, especially in South Sumatra. Insect pest attack is the main problem faced by farmers. Coconut farmers face this problem in Marga Sungsang Village, Banyuasin II District, Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra Province. Therefore, this study aims to determine the insect pests that attack coconut plants. The research was conducted in May 2023 with field observations and interviews with coconut farmers. Observations were made through direct observation of pests on coconut plants owned by farmers covering an area of 4 hectares. Observations were made on infested plants by observing the types of pests and symptoms of attack. Meanwhile, interviews were conducted to find out the cultivation techniques used by farmers. The results showed that insect pests found in coconut smallholding plantations (C. nucifera L.) in Marga Sungsang Village, Banyuasin Regency are six species with 2.114 individuals consisting of orders namely Hemiptera, Orthoptera, Lepidoptera, and Coleoptera. There were six insect pests: Auloracanthus sp., Aleurodicus sp., Trilophidia sp, Phlaeoba infumata, Pteroma sp., and Oryctes rhinoceros.

Pemanfaatan Alat Pengupas Kulit Kopi untuk Membantu Kerja Manual Petani Kopi di Dusun Selelos, Kecamatan Gangga Lombok Utara

The use of smallholder plantation land in the North Lombok district is seen from the types of plants carried out by agricultural or plantation groups consisting of coconut plantations with an area of 10,574.62 tons and a production yield of 11,397.08 tons. Coffee plants with a planting area 1,315.57 with a production yield of 780.46 tons. Specifically for coffee plantations, farmers usually only process post-harvest through drying, after which they are immediately sold. To increase the selling value, it is necessary to utilise technological results such as using a coffee skin peeler. This tool helps increase the productivity of coffee farmers. The dedication will be carried out in Selelos Hamlet, Gangga sub-district, North Lombok district. The implementation of this service program includes making a coffee peeler, presentation, and counselling on using the tool, along with demonstrations. As a result, the coffee skin peeler has a production capacity of 100 kg per hour. The quality of the coffee beans produced is clean and free of impurities. The productivity of using a coffee skin peeler machine is greater and shorter when compared to the manual process.

ENHANCEMENT OF THE FIELD ASSESSMENT PROTOCOLS AND SUITABILITY MAPS FOR COCONUT

Abstract. The crop suitability assessment particularly in coconut planting has not been revisited in over two decades. An in-depth analysis of the various factors affecting coconut farming was conducted. This involved the utilization of local remotely-sensed data on elevation, slope, soil type, and land cover. Global gridded data on rainfall and land surface temperature were acquired to supplement the local data. Each factor was given its corresponding weight assignments upon consultation with the experts from the Philippine Coconut Authority. Variable factors such as rainfall (15%) and temperature (10%) were given with lower scores than the permanent or nearly unchanging factors on elevation (25%), slope (25%), and soil type (25%). These individual factors were processed for the final multi-criteria weighted overlay analysis. Finally, the land cover map was used to remove areas deemed unsuitable for coconut planting. Results showed that about 20 million hectares of the country’s total land area are suitable for coconut planting with varying levels of suitability. Of the total suitable areas, only 3.64 million hectares (18%) were planted with coconuts based on the PSA data for 2021. One important factor to consider is that most of the areas not planted with coconut are devoted to other important land cover types like forests, perennials, and annual crops. The utilization of the open source Quantum GIS (QGIS) software proves to be essential in this kind of enormous data processing and analysis, coupled with the generation of very detailed coconut suitability data and maps on a nationwide scale.

Optimizing intercropping selection for coconut plantations based on PAR and agro-climatic zones

Optimizing intercropping selection for coconut plantations based on PAR and agro-climatic zones

Edge Effect on Bird Community in Ternate, North Maluku, Indonesia

The edge is a meeting place between two ecosystems, or it can also be interpreted as a boundary where two habitats meet and interact. The presence of edges can create an edge effect and increase richness and species abundance. In the present study, we analyzed how edge and vegetation diversity affect a) bird communities and b) how birds respond to edges. Observation plots were placed in jamblang stands and coconut plantations (edge and interior). Bird communities were observed using point counts with a fixed radius of 25 m, and the distance between plots was 50 m. A survey of vegetation diversity was conducted using a combination of the transect and plot methods. The research showed that the highest species richness and diversity of birds (128 individuals of 18 species) and vegetation (168 individuals of 20 species) were found at the edge, although there were only slight differences in the number of species in each habitat. This was influenced by the structure and composition of the vegetation at the observation site. Nevertheless, this proves that the edge effect shapes the composition of bird communities. There are 9 species of bird can be mapped into 4 response models: generalis neutral, generalist edge exploiter, specialist edge exploiter, and edge specialist.

Performance Evaluation of Micro-Irrigation Systems in Coconut Plantations

Most of the coconut farmers in Sri Lanka are reluctant to adopt micro-irrigation systems, complaining about low performance. A field study was conducted to verify the claim. The performance was evaluated in two subunits at the inlet and distal end of two micro-irrigation systems with drippers and mini sprayers. The subunit at the inlet of the system with drippers showed a fair Emission Uniformity (78%) and all other tested subunits in both systems showed poor Emission Uniformity, falling below the 70% threshold set by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. In the drip irrigation system, the increase of Emission Uniformity in the subunit at the distal end was approximately 33%. The increase of Emission Uniformity in all subunits of both systems was 4-6% after replacing the emitters with new emitters. The system with drippers showed severe clogging risk and the system with mini sprayers showed minor clogging risk. Despite the water being in the low clogging risk category, the mini sprayer exhibited the highest percent weight reduction (2%) after washing to remove clogging substances. The coefficient of manufacturer’s variation of the new drippers was in the marginal category of the classification. The Emitter Flow Variation of all the subunits were unacceptable level (>25%) with the existing drippers and mini sprayers. Only the subunit at the inlet of the drip irrigation system showed acceptable Emitter Flow Variation with new emitters. This study revealed that the low performance in both systems was due to emitter clogging and poor hydraulic design.

Analysis of coconut shell adsorption capability as greywater waste adsorbent

As coconut plantations increase in Indonesia, coconut shell waste has the potential to damage the environment if it is not processed properly. Various studies state that coconut shell waste can be used as a greywater adsorbent. Greywater is a domestic waste that is much less polluted than domestic wastewater because it does not contain urine, feces, and toilet paper, and only contains about 30% of the total organic load. Therefore, it is important to determine the right adsorbent for appropriate processing. So this research will test the adsorption capacity of coconut shell waste as a greywater adsorbent using iodine absorption analysis. In the analysis of iodine absorption capacity, coconut shell adsorbents have high adsorption capabilities in absorbing adsorbate (iodine molecules) with high molecular concentrations. Based on iodine absorption analysis data, it is known that the coconut shell waste adsorbent has a maximum adsorption capacity of 2.86 x 10-3 mg g-1 by following the Langmuir isotherm model. The coconut shell waste adsorbent used as a medium in the adsorption column was able to reduce total dissolved solids by 3.7 %, total suspended solids by 23.3 %, and phosphate removal efficiency by 6.3 % in greywater waste samples. This proves that coconut shell waste can act as an adsorbent in managing greywater waste.

Karang Taruna Training in Processing Wood Waste Into Sellable Goods in Nagari Koto Baru Simalanggang District Limapuluh Kota

Nowadays, the opportunity to get a job is depend on education degree. Therefore, looking for job opportunities such as entrepreneurship is an alternative for people who have limited degree of education. The 50 kota sub-district is the area with the largest coconut plantations in the 50 kota district. Apart from producing coconuts for sale, coconut trees can also be used as material for making furniture. This is a business opportunity for residents by utilizing coconut tree waste and wood waste. The solution to this condition is to provide knowledge training to young people who are not yet working and wood business people in the area to be able to create innovative furniture products. Of course it has a connection in reducing the number of people who are not working. The use of wood waste that can be obtained from processing coconut trees that are quite old and cannot produce good coconuts, as well as other wood waste can be utilized by creating simple furniture/decoration products that have selling value. This can certainly be a business opportunity for the community/youth of Karang Taruna who have not/don't work to become competent entrepreneurs independently. PKM activities begin with conducting field observations, providing material regarding sources of wood waste, types of wood, marketing steps in selling furniture products and continue with providing training on how to process wood waste into simple furniture/decoration products. The implementation of the work is carried out directly by the community/youth of Karang Taruna, then an evaluation is carried out by looking at the results of the product work by looking at its attractiveness and aesthetics so that it can become an item of marketable value on the market.

Implementation of Musaqah Agreement in Improving the Welfare of Coconut Farmers in Korleko Village, Lombok Timur

This study aims to find out how the implementation and contribution of the musaqah contract to improve the welfare of coconut farmers in Korleko Village, Labuhan Haji District, East Lombok Regency. This research uses a qualitative approach and the data collection techniques used are in-depth interview techniques, documentation, and observation. Data collection and determination of research informants using purposive and snowball techniques. The research data source is using primary data. Data checking or validation uses triangulation techniques, namely source triangulation and method triangulation. The results showed that the implementation of the musaqah contract in cooperation in the coconut plantation sector has not fully fulfilled the conditions of the musaqah contract, which is the absence of a time limit for the cooperation agreement. This research also shows that cooperation in the field of coconut farming can make a positive contribution to the welfare of the community.

Climate drives of growth, yield and microclimate variability in multistoried coconut plantation in Konkan region of Maharashtra, India

Long term experiments (2013-14 to 2018-19) were conducted in Regional Coconut Research Station, Bhatye, a representative location of major coconut growing region of Maharashtra (Konkan region) to study the impact of changing weather parameters on growth and yield of 32 years old coconut plants (dwarf x tall, i.e., COD x WCT). Regression based trend analysis of weather parameters was conducted to check the variability of weather parameters over experimentation years. There was a decrease in maximum temperature (r2=0.034) and increase in minimum temperature (r2=0.017) and rainfall (r2=0.393), indicating change in weather parameters. Correlation studies were carried out to understand the interaction between weather parameters and coconut growth and yield. Maximum temperature had a negative impact on growth (-0.02 and -0.58 for number of leaves and annual leaf production) but had a positive impact on yield (0.41, 0.64 and 0.63 for number of bunches, number of buttons and nut yield). Minimum temperature had significant negative effect on annual leaf production (-0.88) and had a positive effect on nut yield per plant (0.95). The effect of relative humidity (morning and evening) was non-significant. Rainfall had its influence on the crop by negatively affecting the number of bunches (-0.10) and nut yield per plant (-0.48), a positively affecting number of buttons (0.08). Further, microclimate in the plantation was compared to an open field, which indicated lower maximum and minimum temperature (-3.4 and -3.1 %) and higher morning and evening relative humidity (1.6 and 1.9 %) in the coconut plantation as compared to the open field.

Integrated water management practice in tropical peatland agriculture has low carbon emissions and subsidence rates

Hydrological management in the use of peatland for agriculture is the backbone of its sustainability and a critical factor in climate change mitigation. This study evaluates the application of an integrated water management practice known as the “Water Management Trinity” (WMT), implemented since 1986 on a coconut plantation on the eastern coast of Sumatra, in relation to CO2 emissions and subsidence rates. The WMT integrates canals, dikes, and dams with water gates to regulate water levels for both coconut agronomy and the preservation of the peat soil. The WMT has successfully regulated and maintained an average yearly water table depth of −45 to −51 cm below the surface. The methodology involved a closed chamber method for measuring soil CO2 flux using a portable Infrared Gas Analyzer, conducted weekly over a six-month period to cover dry and rainy season at bi-modal climate condition. Subsidence measurements have been ongoing from 1986 to 2022. The results show bare peat soil has heterotrophic respiration CO2 emissions of 7.77 t C–CO2 ha−1 yr−1, while in coconut plantations 7.99 t C–CO2 ha−1 yr−1, similar to emissions in mineral soils. Autotrophic respiration leads to the overestimation of CO2 emissions on peatland and accounts for 212–424% of the total emissions. The cumulative subsidence from 1986 to 2022 is −56.3 cm, with a soil rise of +0.8 cm in 2022, indicating a flattening rate of subsidence. This is characterized by an increase in bulk density at the surface from 0.072 to 0.144 gr/cm3, with approximately 81% of the subsidence being due to compaction. The statistical analysis found no relationship between water table depth and CO2 emissions, indicating that water table depth cannot be used as a predictor for CO2 emissions. In summary, peatland agriculture has a promising future when managed sustainably using an integrated hydrological management system.

KOMPOSISI BOTANI HIJAUAN ALAMI DI AREAL PERKEBUNAN KELAPA DALAM SEBAGAI PAKAN TERNAK RUMINANSIA DI KECAMATAN TANIWEL KABUPATEN SERAM BAGIAN BARAT

ackground: The need for and provision of forage is achieved by considering the continuous provision of forage in both quantity and quality. One of the efforts to develop animal husbandry that can be carried out is to utilize forage for livestock in deep coconut plantations. This research aims to determine the botanical composition of natural forage in coconut plantation areas as feed for ruminants in Taniwel District, West Seram Regency. Method s : This research uses a purposive sampling method. The data used in this research is based on secondary data and primary data. Results : The research results showed that the botanical composition results were 63.18% grass, 26.30% weeds and 10.52% legumes. Co nclusion: Based on the research results, it is necessary to eradicate pest plants (weeds) for forage and plant superior forage to increase the need for feed for ruminant livestock. The availability of forage can still meet the need for animal feed in Taniw el District, West Seram Regency

Soil quality dynamics and degradation potentials as influenced by land use systems in humid tropical soil of Southeastern, Nigeria

An assessment of the effects of land use systems on soil quality dynamics and soil degradation potentials in Umuahia, Southeastern Nigeria was done in this study. Samples of soil were taken between 0 and 15 and between 15 and 30 cm. from coconut plantation (SSP1), palm plantation (SSP2), pineapple orchard (SSP3) and waste dump site (SSP4). The result revealed sand to be the dominant soil fraction in decreasing abundance: Waste dumpsite (WD)≥ Pineapple Orchard (PO) ≥ Coconut Plantation (CP)≥ Oil Palm Plantation (OPP), followed by silt :WD ≥ CP≥ PO ≥ OPP and clay: OPP≥CP≥PO≥WD. Land use systems recorded serious negative effects on soil physicochemical properties, with soil pH ranging between 3.43-7.20, waste dumpsite having neutral and others having less than 6.5-8.5 as the critical limit. The mean values of potentially toxic elements in soils as regard land use systems: Ni, Mn, Fe, Cr, Zn, Pb and Cu were all above the critical limits rendering the soil polluted. The effects of Land-use systems on biochemical indicators of soil degradation ranged from None to slightly (1) -Very highly degraded soils (4), with organic matter (OM) as biological indicator dominating the index. The effect of land use systems on soil degradation was in decreasing trend: WD > CP >OPP> PO constituting 32.5%, 26.7%, 20.8% and 20% respectively. Integrated waste management (IWM) and smart farming techniques should be encouraged for soil quality improvement.

Obstacles to Revitalizing Communities Coconut Plantations to Support the Green Economy - Based Coconut Industry in Indonesia: The Case of Simeulue Island, Aceh Province

Obstacles to Revitalizing Communities Coconut Plantations to Support the Green Economy - Based Coconut Industry in Indonesia: The Case of Simeulue Island, Aceh Province

Innovation in producing virgin coconut oil without heating in Pekon Bumiratu, Pringsewu

Among the various potential gardens in Pekon Bumiratu, Pagelaran District, Pringsewu Regency, coconut plants stand out. However, the processing of coconut produce by farmers is suboptimal, as the coconut yield is typically consumed or sold without undergoing processing. This is primarily due to the limited knowledge and skills of local farmers regarding coconut processing and its derivatives. This activity aims to enhance the knowledge and skills of coconut farmers in processing coconuts into Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) using a non-heating method. The activities involved a combination of lecture methods and practical demonstrations. The VCO produced during the activities underwent laboratory analysis to assess its quality. The results of the activity indicate a significant increase in understanding by 61.6%. This suggests a substantial improvement in public knowledge regarding the processing of coconuts into VCO. Laboratory analysis of the VCO produced by the participants revealed a water content of 0.18%, an iodine value of 8,150 g iod/100g, a free fatty acid content of 0.17%, and a peroxide value of 1.32 mg/Kg Ek. These results align with the quality standards outlined in SNI 7381-2008 for VCO.

Assessment of genetic diversity of latent bacteria in coconut leaves associated with lethal yellowing disease symptoms in Kenya

AbstractCoconut (Cocos nucifera) is an economically important palm tree with diverse applications. However, limited scientific research exists on coconut diseases in the Kenyan coastal region. This cross‐sectional study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of latent bacteria associated with yellowing symptoms in coconut plants along the Kenyan coast. Sixty‐two samples with symptoms were collected and their bacterial diversity assessed using culture‐independent methods. DNA was extracted from controls and symptomatic samples using the cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) method. Next‐generation sequencing with Illumina MiSeq was used to profile the bacterial communities using amplicons of 16S ribosomal RNA sequences (V4 region). Sequence data were analysed using the Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology 2 (QIIME 2) pipeline. A total of 113,330 reads were obtained, which clustered into 285 Operational Taxonomic Units. Bacterial diversity was highest in Kilifi, followed by Kwale and Lamu, while control samples exhibited low bacterial diversity. Actinobacteria was the predominant phylum across all counties, and Streptomyces was the most abundant genus. Kilifi and Kwale counties were more affected than Lamu. This is a pioneer study that provides insight into the bacterial diversity associated with yellowing disease symptoms in coconut plants in Kenya and will help with future elucidation of the agents causing or exacerbating coconut disease symptoms.