Coconut Harvesting Research Articles

Harvesting of tender coconuts improves yields and profitability of coconut farming in India

ABSTRACT An experiment was conducted at Kasaragod, Kerala, India for six years to study the impact of different coconut harvesting treatments on growth, yield and return. The treatments were; harvesting tender nuts from January to June and mature nuts from July to December, harvesting tender nuts from July to December and mature nuts from January to June, harvesting tender nuts throughout the year, harvesting tender nuts in alternate years, harvesting alternate bunches for tender nuts and harvesting of mature nuts throughout the year. The results showed that palms that underwent tender nut harvesting throughout the year, compared with harvesting mature nuts throughout the year, recorded high yields (175 nuts/palm), three times high net returns, and 68.7% high energy use efficiency. This study demonstrated the potential of harvesting tender nuts to improve the profitability and energy balance of coconut production.

PEMANFAATAAN BIOCHAR SEBAGAI BAHAN PEMBENAH TANAH PADA POKTAN MEKAR SARI II KECAMATAN SUNGAI KAKAP

PKM is purposed to help the Mekas Sari II farmer group, Sungai Kakap District, Kubu Raya Regency to be able to maintain the quality of their land by using biochar which is processed from coconut harvest waste, which in turn is expected to have an impact on increasing production. The specific targets achieved are: 1) increasing the knowledge and skills of partner farmers in the manufacture of biochar from coconut waste. 2) increasing knowledge and skills of partner farmers in applying harvested waste biochar as a soil amandemen. The method of PKM activities for the Mekar Sari II Group, Sungai Kakap Subdistrict, are: 1) counseling on the use of harvested waste biochar as a soil improvement agent. 2) training in the production of biochar from coconut harvest waste using a simple method. 3) make demonstration plots for coconut harvesting applications. The results of the PKM activity show that the use of biochar from coconut harvest waste as a soil improvement material has the potential to be developed. This is because the potential of coconut waste has not been utilized optimally. After carrying out Community Service activities, the Mekar Sari II Farmer's Group, Sungai Kakap District, Kubu Raya Regency, there was an increase in both affective (knowledge), cognitive (attitude) and skills in the use of harvested waste as soil improvement material to increase the production of plants.

Status and Scope of Automated Coconut Harvester in India: A Review

Coconut plays a substantial role in the Indian economy. South Indian states, namely Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Andhra Pradesh are the leading producers accounting for more than 90% of the total coconut produced in the country. The traditional/conventional process of coconut harvesting includes climbing on the tree and cutting the coconut bunches with a cutter, which involves high risk. Climbing on a coconut tree is the main risk factor and it is life-threatening. The present review paper presents the status and future research need for automated coconut harvesting machines in India. The maximum speed or climbing with remote controlled coconut harvester was reported 0.055 ms-1. This paper also focuses on the basic components of the automated coconut harvesting machine, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each component are critically analyzed based on its findings, future research needs are proposed in order to meet all the fundamental aspects of autonomous coconut harvesting machines.

Effects of unpaid caring activities and social norms on women's employment in mangrove areas of Ramsar site 1017 in Benin (West Africa)

Social norms drive women to practice unpaid caring activities that constitute an important barrier to their access to paid activities within the labour market in Benin. Assessing how far unpaid caring activities affect their business activities will help to improve the livelihoods of women. A survey was carried out in the district of Ouidah, with 300 households randomly selected to be issued with a questionnaire. Four types of households were identified according to their different characteristics. Payment for domestic work varied from one household to another. Most of the household types entrusted the care of their children to family members. Childcare, eldercare, and other home tasks were assigned to women according to the social norms, with men carrying out the more physically demanding roles (coconut harvesting, moto riding, basket lixiviation, palisade construction, fishing). The time allocated to work by women decreased with the increased coverage of the households' needs and the education level of women in the household. This study provides knowledge that could help decision makers to design appropriate strategies to reduce women's unpaid domestic work and to close the gender gap in the different households in mangrove areas of Ramsar site 1017 in Benin.

Upaya Penanggulangan Oleh Masyarakat dalam Membantu Pencegahan Tindak Pidana Pencurian Kelapa Sawit di Desa Markanding

The crime of palm oil theft now often occurs, especially in Markanding Village, so that efforts are needed to overcome it from the local community so that the crime of palm oil theft does not continue to increase. Therefore, the type of research in this study is empirical juridical which is carried out directly in the field with the research specification being descriptive with the data sources being research and literature. Therefore, the research approach is a conceptual approach in which data collection techniques using interviews and data analysis are carried out qualitatively. Thus, the results of the study, namely the prevention efforts by the community in helping to prevent the crime of palm oil theft in the Markanding Village are to provide appeals and advice to the perpetrators so as not to repeat the crime of palm oil theft and the people of Markanding Village also remind the security guards at the coconut harvesting place. to be more vigilant because there has been a criminal act of palm oil theft at the collection point of oil palm harvests and the obstacles in carrying out countermeasures by the community in helping to prevent the crime of palm oil theft in Markanding Village are the lack of legal awareness of the perpetrators themselves so that the perpetrators are still committed a crime of palm oil theft, the people of Markanding village still do not want to report and become witnesses related to the criminal act of palm oil theft.

​​Selection of a Cutting Mechanism and Optimization of Parameters for Coconut Harvesting Drone

Background: Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) palm is an important cash crop in India and third-largest producer of coconut in the world. In general, the skilled workers climb to harvest the coconuts from the tree without any safety device. The coconut trees are very tall and injuries associated with coconut tree climbing, particularly falling from coconut trees is common in coconut plantations. In order to rectify the problem, an appropriate cutting system needs to be developed. Hence the characterizing physical and mechanical properties viz., peduncle thickness, width, shape, size, moisture content, density and also the cutting blade characteristics, were studied. Methods: The observed characteristics were used for the effective design of the cutting module. The cutting blades were selected for the investigation viz, circular saw blade and saw tooth blade. The parameters selected for the investigation are cutting speed (S) at three levels (15.70, 20.94 and 26.17 ms-1), the inclination angle of the blade (q) five levels (30, 45, 60, 75 and 90°), type of the blades (B) (regular tooth and ripped tooth pitch) and thickness of peduncle (T) three levels (30, 40 and 50 mm). Similarly for chain saw, the velocity of cutting speed (S) at three levels (500, 700 and 900 rpm), the inclination angle of blade (q) at three levels (45, 60 and 90°) and thickness of peduncle (T) three levels (30, 40 and 50 mm) were selected for the experiments. Result: The optimization of the selected levels of variables was done to achieve best performance to select the cutting speed, cutting angle and type of blade. The results showed that circular saw blades with irregular tooth pitch have higher cutting efficiency than circular saw blades with regular tooth pitch. It was found that cutting time increases linearly with decreasing cutting speed. It was observed that chainsaw gives better cut quality with minimum cutting time than saw blades.

EFFECT OF FoCT TRAINING ON ADOPTION OF COCONUT TREE CLIMBING DEVICE FOR HARVESTING COCONUTS

Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is an important and versatile tree crop with diverse uses, supporting the livelihood of many farm families in the primary sector, grown in many states of India. Coconuts are known for their great versatility as evidenced by many traditional uses ranging from food to cosmetics. Assamese people prepare different types of edible items from coconut fruit in many festivals. Now, the majority of the coconut growers in Assam were facing the problems of shortage of skilled labour for nut harvesting. The traditional method of harvesting the nuts is quite risky and accident-prone. To overcome this problem, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Barpeta, Assam conducted training for unemployed rural youths in collaboration with Coconut Development Board, Guwahati. The objectives of the FoCT training were to impart training to a group of unemployed youths in developing their technical skills for harvesting of coconuts, to mitigate the problem of non-availability of coconut tree climbers for coconut harvesting. The present study was conducted at KVK, Barpeta (Assam) with an attempt to know the effect of friends of coconut tree (FoCT) training on the adoption of coconut tree climbing devices. For the present study, 40 trainees were selected purposively. The majority 45% of the trainees use the coconut climbing device only for plucking of their own coconut tree followed by 35% who use the coconut climbing device as a source of income generation and 20% of trainees do not at all use the device. Among the two methods of climbing, the advanced method of coconut tree climber takes less time (3-5 minutes) to climb than the traditional method (7-10 minutes). On the other hand, among the two methods of climbing, the advanced method of coconut tree climber harvested a greater number of nuts and many numbers of harvesting trees over the traditional method.

Utilization of coconut shell waste into charcoal briquettes in Sungai Kupah Village, Kubu Raya Regency

The target villages located in Sungai Kupah Village, Sungai Kakap District, Kubu Raya Regency, West Kalimantan have potential in the agricultural sector, especially in the primary sector, namely coconut plantations. Most of the coconut harvest in Sungai Kupah Village only uses the flesh of the fruit which is processed as copra. Other parts such as shells and coconut husks are just thrown away, piled up, and not used. Therefore, the village development program can be an opportunity for the community to be able to process, utilize and increase the added value of coconut fruit products and coconut waste. This program is implemented by applying the offline method while still observing health protocols during the Covid-19 pandemic. The lecturer team and the student team carry out full community development and empowerment activities in the field using facilities, such as a hall as a place for socialization and training. The prospective development is coconut waste into charcoal briquettes. The implementation of this village development program is called PDKMI Briketku: Program Desa Kupah Mandiri Industri Arang Briket. As for the activities of the PDKMI "Briketku" village development program: Program Desa Kupah Mandiri Industri Arang Briket has been implemented. This village development program activity has resulted in the processing of coconut waste (coir and shell) into charcoal briquettes, as well as the packaging of charcoal briquette products with the brand "Briketku”.

Assessing the welfare of coconut-harvesting macaques in Thailand

Pig-tailed macaques are used by coconut farmers in Southeast Asia to harvest coconuts. We assessed the welfare of northern pig-tailed macaques Macaca leonina involved in coconut harvesting in southern Thailand. We interviewed 89 coconut farmers in three provinces focusing on quantifying basic demographics of this trade, i.e., species, where the macaques were sourced, diet, sex, and age. Independent from the interviews, we assessed the welfare of 158 working macaques through direct observations using the ‘five domains’ criteria. Based on our scoring system, the mean welfare score of 4.8 out of the maximum 12 points indicates a need for improvement. Overall, we found good agreement between the interviews data and the welfare assessments. The most important individual welfare modifications required for working macaques to obtain a good level of welfare that benefits both the farmers and macaques include: providing access to conspecifics, adding opportunities to hide from stressors, and increasing the freedom of movement. This study highlights the individual welfare concerns and necessity of legislative changes regarding working macaques and other working animals of wild origins.

MODEL PENEMPATAN PARIT CACING PADA BUDIDAYA KELAPA DALAM (Cocos nucifera L.) DI LAHAN PASANG SURUT

Cultivation techniques in tidal land are very important to support the growth and productivity of Tall Coconut. The purpose of this study was to determine the growth, production, and productivity of Tall Coconut in several field drain models. This research was conducted from December 2019 to January 2020 in the tidal area of Tanjung Api-Api Village, Sebrang District, Tungkal IV City, Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency. This research was conducted using a survey method on farmers' gardens and unformatted trials. There are 4 models of field drain, namely model 1, model 2, model 3, model 4 and without field drain. The variables observed were soil pH and water quality, plant physics, fruit physics, and agronomic action. The research data were analyzed by statistic. The results showed that soil pH and water chemical quality showed that field drain model 1 gave the best value with soil pH, water pH, iron, sulfur, and sodium content of 5.2, 5.4, 85 ppm, 119 mL-1, and 270 mL-1 respectively. The highest plant growth, production and productivity were found in plants with field drain model 2. Data on stem circumference, number of midribs, and number of bunches of knees were 81.10 cm, 25.8 strands, and 14.2 bunches respectively. Data of fruit weight, fruit circumference, coir thickness, weight of fruit without coir and productivity were 1,800 g, 59.2 cm, 3.2 cm, 1,003 kg, and 1,168 items hectar-1 year-1, respectively. Agronomic measures include controlling weeds with herbicides and generally without fertilizing. Field drain aims to facilitate coconut harvesting and to avoid the toxic effects of peat soil.

Development of a novel coconut-tree-climbing machine for harvesting

Presently, there is a dearth of professional climbers to carry out coconut harvesting because it involves considerable risk posed by the tree height and uneven trunk surface. Numerous coconut-tree-climbing devices have been developed to overcome this issue, but human effort is still required. Hence, it is imperative to develop a wheel-driven mechanism in the structure with a continuous motion to harvest coconuts. By featuring an anti-falling capability, the climber can be stable in static and dynamic conditions. This feature can be achieved by attaching springs in the supporting frame during vertical climbing on the trunk surface. This paper presents a 3D modeling and the static and dynamic analysis of a climbing machine. The climbing field trials of the climbing model were carried out on a coconut tree trunk, and the best climbing rate that was achieved was 0.3 m in 1.6 seconds. Control of the climber maneuverability was tested with an embedded processor board. The maturity identification of coconuts in a complex background was successfully achieved with a detection score of 99% on real-time images by using deep learning techniques. This study can be extended to identify the cutting point of the coconut bunches for harvesting.

DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF COCONUT TREE CLIMBING TOOL FOR COCONUT FARMERS IN LOMBOK SANGATTA BAY, EAST KUTAI

Great potentiality of coconut cannot be separated from the method of coconut harvest which still draw a lot of problems in. Until now, coconut farmers still use climber service in coconut harvesting. The process of coconut tree climbing is usually done without tools. This is very risky for the harvesters. Since the utilization of animal service (monkeys) have already prohibited from commercial activities, human service in coconut tree climbing becomes the alternative for the farmers. For this reason, the aim of this study is to design a tool for coconut tree climbing that will help coconut harvesters in Lombok Sangatta Bay, East Kutai, by considering climber's characteristics. Furthermore, the tool is made in form of design, which then being simulated to determine the tools’ safety level, stress level and the ability which is designed by using SolidWorks 2018 software.The result for the proposed design of coconut tree climbing tool for coconut harvester in Lombok Sangatta Bay, East Kutai, is to use 20 mm x 20 mm x 2 mm of hollow profile with AISI 1020 material built, which is declared safe for 80 kg capacity. The highest score of stress is 223.04 Mpa on body holder, 4.68 mm deflection, 1.6 in factor of safety, and 17.08 kg for tool's overall weight

Intelligent System for Matured Coconut Identification

Vision is the key component in Artificial Intelligence and automated robotics. Identification of Matured coconuts in the coconut tree crown is one of the main expected functionality to be executed in Real Time for Automated coconut Harvesting Machine. This functionality is executed by an Intelligent System attached with that machine.. This project deals with the design of that intelligent system using the concept of Artificial Intelligence. Thus the prediction of matured coconut in the present captured image of coconut tree crown with the previous knowledge is done by that designed Intelligent System. In order to identify the coconut in the present capture image, a computing board and Jetson Nano board is used, which compares the captured image with a dataset and identifies the various stages of the coconut. In this paper we used two high speed graphics processors and identified which one has more accuracy.

Habitat characteristics and insecticide susceptibility of Aedes aegypti in the Ifakara area, south-eastern Tanzania

BackgroundAedes-borne diseases such as dengue and chikungunya constitute constant threats globally. In Tanzania, these diseases are transmitted by Aedes aegypti, which is widely distributed in urban areas, but whose ecology remains poorly understood in small towns and rural settings.MethodsA survey of Ae. aegypti aquatic habitats was conducted in and around Ifakara, a fast-growing town in south-eastern Tanzania. The study area was divided into 200 × 200 m search grids, and habitats containing immature Aedes were characterized. Field-collected Ae. aegypti were tested for susceptibility to common public health insecticides (deltamethrin, permethrin, bendiocarb and pirimiphos-methyl) in the dry and rainy seasons.ResultsOf 1515 and 1933 aquatic habitats examined in the dry and rainy seasons, 286 and 283 contained Aedes immatures, respectively (container index, CI: 18.9–14.6%). In the 2315 and 2832 houses visited in the dry and rainy seasons, 114 and 186 houses had at least one Aedes-positive habitat, respectively (house index, HI: 4.9–6.6%). The main habitat types included: (i) used vehicle tires and discarded containers; (ii) flowerpots and clay pots; and (iii) holes made by residents on trunks of coconut trees when harvesting the coconuts. Used tires had highest overall abundance of Ae. aegypti immatures, while coconut tree-holes had highest densities per habitat. Aedes aegypti adults were susceptible to all tested insecticides in both seasons, except bendiocarb, against which resistance was observed in the rainy season.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first study on ecology and insecticide susceptibility of Ae. aegypti in Ifakara area, and will provide a basis for future studies on its pathogen transmission activities and control. The high infestation levels observed indicate significant risk of Aedes-borne diseases, requiring immediate action to prevent potential outbreaks in the area. While used tires, discarded containers and flowerpots are key habitats for Ae. aegypti, this study also identified coconut harvesting as an important risk factor, and the associated tree-holes as potential targets for Aedes control. Since Ae. aegypti mosquitoes in the area are still susceptible to most insecticides, effective control could be achieved by combining environmental management, preferably involving communities, habitat removal and insecticide spraying.

The implementation and effect of sasi on coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) harvest products in southern Buru, Indonesia

Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is common plant for the Moluccan farmers to apply local wisdom in cultivation, called sasi. This study describes sasi implementation of coconut cultivation in South Buru and its effects on the quality of the coconut harvest. The research was conducted by field observation and interviews. Data were obtained from coconut trees aged 16–25 years and > 30 years. There are two common methods of cultivation through sasi, religion-based permission (local church) and traditional sasi. Both forms of sasi have different indications. On the basis of the sasi system, coconut plantations cannot be penetrated for six months (a spell prohibiting access to the crop) and harvesting only takes place after the end of the sasi period (avoiding any risk of theft of the fruit). Yields on the 16–25-years-old trees had a weight of endosperms of 243–378 g and a thickness of the coconut endosperm of 9.2–12.2 mm over the monitored 10–18 months fruit age period, each showing a bell-shaped variation with a maximum for about 13 months old fruits. Yields on > 30-years-old trees group showed the same pattern. Thus, although sasi is useful for protecting the coconut fruit before harvesting, the implementation of coconut sasi for six months ultimately decreases the quality of the crops and postpones the best harvest time. Therefore it is recommended that the implementation of coconut sasi in South Buru be adjusted with the biological timing of coconut ripening.

ANALISIS USAHA TATANIAGA KOPRA DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN KELUARGA DI DESA OENGKAPALA KECAMATAN WAKORUMBA UTARA KABUPATEN BUTON UTARA

his study aims to determine the system of trade in copra business in increasing family income and to find out the obstacles faced by copra craftsmen in increasing family income in the village of Oengkapala, North Wakorumba District, North Buton Regency. Data collection techniques are carried out by means of library research and field research using interview methods, documentation, and observation.Based on the results of the research, the copra marketing channel in the study area has 2 trading channels, a channel I, starting from producers to collecting traders to consumers and channel II starting from producers directly to consumers. Both of these channels have the same goal of distributing copra to consumers. The trading channel used by copra craftsmen in Oompala Village prefers to market their copies through marketing institutions from copra craftsmen to collectors. this can be seen from the five informants that the copra agreement that sold its copy to the collector traders reached 80% while the one who sold the copy to the large traders only reached 20%. the reason copra craftsmen sell their copies to collector traders is the number of marketing costs and lack of transportation. so copra craftsmen. The analysis of the increase in income of copra craftsmen in the village of Oasanala in the harvest season I was less increased while the harvest season II was in the category of increase. In the five selected informants, the copra craftsmen all experienced an increase in income during the second harvest season. because the income of copra crafters is due to, among other things, the difference in the selling price of copra and the difference in the amount of copra production from each coconut harvest season to copra. Keywords : Trading, Income

INVESTIGASI MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (MSDs) PADA AKTIVITAS PANEN KELAPA DESA SIMPANG JAYA DUSUN BENTENG MAKMUR RT 12 RW 04 KECAMATAN BATANG TUAKA

In this research will discuss about mosculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) investigation on coconut harvest activity Simpang Jaya Village Benteng Makmur Village RT 12 RW 04 Batang Tuaka District. From the recapitulation of the first questionnaire about the complaint when linking coconut fruit using eggrek showed that of 30 respondents (total sample) known level of MSDs on the type of complaints of pain / stiffness in the upper neck of the average of 30 respondents (total sample) of 2.2%.
 In recapitulation of calculation of second questionnaire data can be seen that from 30 respondents (total sample) known level of MSDs on activity collecting fruit keladaapada type of pain / stiffness in the upper neck of 2.2%.
 From the results of the recapitulation of the third questionnaire data shows that from 30 respondents (total sample) it is known that the MSDs level on the activity of bringing the orchids on the type of pain / stiff complaints in the upper neck of the average of 30 respondents (total sample) of 2.5%.

Study of Coconut Tree Climber Use Efficiency over Traditional Methods in Chitradurga District of Karnataka

Coconut is one of the most important crops under rainfed conditions in marginal soil of Chitradurga districts. Majority of the coconut growers in the district were facing the problem of theft of fallen nuts and shortage of skilled labor for nut harvesting. The traditional method of harvesting the nuts using knife with bamboo sticks for dwarf trees and climbing the tall trees was quite risky and accident prone. To overcome this problem, ICAR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Chitradurga conducted training programmes to unemployed rural farm youths in collaboration with Coconut Development Board, Cochin. Total 80 farm youths were trained during 2012–13. With the conventional coconut climbing, a person could harvest about 8–25 nuts/tree while climbing the tree one had experienced body pain, muscles catch and lot of life risk with meager earnings of Rs.5, 000-15, 000/-year. After using the Coconut tree climber, annual income increased to Rs.20, 000-60, 000/-year and a person could climb more than 80–100 feet tall coconut tree without any life risk and harvesting efficiency increased to tune of 20–50 nuts/tree. This was encouraged many youths from surrounding villages to approach KVK to undergo training and choose coconut harvesting as an employment generation opportunity to meet their livelihood demand. Simultaneously, farmers were also benefitted by harvesting the nuts at right time and getting quality nuts also good price in the market.

Stability analysis of tractor mounted hydraulic elevator for horticultural orchards

Konkan tractor mounted elevator is a semiautomatic harvesting mechanism recommended for harvesting mango and coconut orchards upto 12 m to 14 m tree height by Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth Dapoli, Dist:- Ratnagiri:- 415712. The mechanism is developed with financial support of Coconut Development Board, Ministry of Agriculture Government of India. The stability analysis of KONKAN Tractor Mounted Hydraulic Elevator was carried out to see the stability of elevator at various load condition and angles. The objective of undertaking this study was to increase stability of the proposed machine and avoid the overturning of the elevator bucket at maximum load and at maximum reach position. The results of stability analysis were considered while the design, development and fabrication of refined tractor mounted hydraulic elevator for coconut harvesting. The stability analysis of tractor mounted hydraulic elevator was carried out by using digital weighing bridge with capacity of 60 tonnes having connectivity of data cable attachment with computer for freely interference of data.

Testing of tractor mounted and self propelled coconut climber for coconut harvesting

The coconut is known as Kalpa Vriksa to the world for being its multi faceted uses, which provide livelihood security to millions of people. Every part of it useful to humans in one of the other ways. The coconut palm is grown in more than 93 countries of the tropics. Its botanical name is Cocos-Nucifera L. and belongs to the aracaceae (Palm) family. The climbing methods of coconuts like manual, mechanical and climbing by Tractor Operated Hydraulic Elevator (TOME) were studied. The stability, safety, harvesting efficiency, drudgery of coconut harvesting is reduced by Tractor Mounted and Self Propelled Coconut Climber (TMSPCC) developed by considering the drawbacks of the above methods. The testing of developed TMSPCC was carried out at a Coconut Research Station, Bhyte Ratnagiri, India. To assess the physiological cost and the drudgery involved in the traditional method of tree climbing operation. The digital polar hart rate meter RS400TM having infrared connectivity sensor was used for recording the heart rates. The technical assessments included the use of biomechanical models, ODR, BPDS. The ergonomical evaluation of TMSPCC was carried out for testing feasibility, ease of operation; workers jeopardize safety health and efficiency for coconut harvesting. Ergonomically operational safe and controlled heart rates are recorded. The fourteen to seventeen number of coconut orchards were harvested in one hour by using TMSPCC. The tractor mounted and self propelled coconut climber founds suitable for harvesting 100 to 120 coconut trees in a day. The net coconut harvesting by using TMSPCC are 4000 coconuts/day. Also TMSPCC is safe, less hazardous and economical as compared to manual climbing coconut harvesting and climbing by the existing tractor mounted hydraulic elevator.