Coconut Farmers Research Articles

Description of Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) Worms Infection in Coconut Farmers in Guntung Village, Batu Bara District, North Sumatra, Indonesia

Abstract: Worms or often calledSoil Transmitted Helminths (STH) is a disease of the human body caused by intestinal nematode worm infection. One of the transmission of this worm is generally through soil media. STH species include roundworms, whips, mines. Farmers as one of the professions in the community have a great risk of being infected with STH, which is more than 70%. The majority of agricultural land in Guntung Village supports working as a farmer. Factors that cause helminth infections are related to poor environmental hygiene and unhealthy lifestyles. This study aims to determine the description of infection with Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) infarmer coconut inGuntung Village, Batu Bara District. This study uses observational research methods (non-experimental) with descriptive research criteria. The number of samples is 50 faeces fromfarmer in Guntung Village, Batu Bara District. The results of the stool examination by the flotation method found that 12 respondents (24%) were positively infected with STH, namely hookworm eggs. The conclusion of this study is the possibility of farmers who are positive because they come from other environments, not from agricultural land and soil in their home environment. Therefore suggestions for the community or farmers can increase knowledge about the transmission and prevention of STH infections, increase awareness to carepersonal hygiene as well as sanitation of the surrounding environment and being able to take deworming medication for treatment of STH-infected farmers.

Agroforestry—a key tool in the climate-smart agriculture context: a review on coconut cultivation in Sri Lanka

Long-term monoculture of coconuts has resulted in several land-use-related concerns, such as decreasing land productivity, degraded soil, and ineffective resource utilization on a local and global level. Modifying traditional coconut farming with agroforestry concepts is a well-suited predominant nature-based solution for Sri Lanka as well as for other coconut-growing countries to achieve environmental, social, and economic benefits. By intentionally and intensively integrating annual and perennial plants with farm animals in a dynamic and interactive manner, this land-use system creates a sustainable harmonious mini-ecosystem with landscape restoration. Agroforestry mixed with coconut cultivation decreases the risk of crop failure, generates additional income sources, and balances the ecosystem functions by increasing species richness, enhancing soil physical, biological, and chemical properties, opening new carbon sequestration pathways, purifying air and water sources, and being an excellent feedstock source for bioenergy generation. This environmentally friendly farming will promote the Kyoto Protocol and lessen global warming by limiting the atmospheric buildup of greenhouse gases. A proper and accurate plan is required to implement a successful and profitable long-lived coconut-based agroforestry system. The objective of this paper is to recognize the various agroforestry concepts applicable to coconut-based farming, highlight the wide range of benefits and ecosystem services that can be gained through in-situ and ex-situ agroforestry practices, and explore the challenges that may arise during the integration of agroforestry techniques into a coconut-based farming system.

Diversifikasi Pengolahan Gula Kelapa Di Desa Sungai Intan Kecamatan Tembilahan Hulu Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir

This community service activity was carried out at Sumgai Intan, Tembilahan Hulu District, with the aim of increasing the community's knowledge and skills regarding the diversification of coconut sugar processing. The method used in this activity is counseling and followed by discussions with the village community as a process for transferring knowledge. The main target groups are coconut sugar craftsmen, coconut farmers, farmer/women groups, PKK activists and school dropout youth. Evaluation of the results of counseling is carried out after counseling and discussions have been carried out. The results of community activities show that the implementation of training and diversification of coconut sugar processing diversification in Sungai Intan Village, Tembilahan Hulu District, Indragiri Hilir Regency has been able to increase the knowledge and skills of training participants in processing natural resources in Sungai Intan Village, namely coconuts by diversifying yields. processed coconut sugar both in solid liquid and crystal form. The success of the training and socialization through this extension program is also seen to be able to encourage the growth of creative and innovative ideas as well as the entrepreneurial spirit of the training participants and the people of Sungai Intan Village. This service is carried out as one of the village programs to increase the community's ability to process various forms of coconut sugar to increase farmers' income

Morphological identification of the squirrel (Callosciurus notatus) tongue through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and histochemistry

Abstract. Megawati EI, Pradipta SID, Damia U, Kustiati U, Wihadmadyatami H, Kusindarta DL. 2023. Morphological identification of the squirrel (Callosciurus notatus) tongue through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and histochemistry. Biodiversitas 24: 2302-2314. Squirrel (Callosciurus notatus) plays an important role in the agricultural ecosystem.Their urine and feces kill coconut tree pests and help preserve coconut farming productivity. This research focuses on the morphological identification of the tongue and lingual papillae distribution of the Callosciurus notatus’stongue. The tongue morphology and lingual papillae distribution of Callosciurus notatus were investigated through two different methods: using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and histology. This paper provides macroscopic and histological tongue morphology and lingual papillae distribution of Callosciurus notatus. Macroscopically, the tongue is divided into the apex, corpus, and radix. The dorsal surface of the apex the groove and lateral prominence were occur. SEM and light microscopy observation showed that the apex bears three types of papillae: leaf-like filiform, bifid filiform, and fungiform. The corpus includes wide leaf-like filiform papillae, saw-like filiform papillae, bifid filiform papillae, and fungiform papillae. On the radix, there are conical like filiform papillae, fungiform papillae, conical and vallatae papillae. The lateral part of radix showed Weber’s glands that react strongly positively by Alcian Blue (AB) pH 2.5 and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining; Weber’s glands consist of neutral and acidic mucin. Von Ebner’s glands were at the textus muscularis striatus syncytialis near the vallatae papillae, which react weakly positively to PAS stain and did not react to AB pH 2.5 stain; von Ebner’s glands consist of neutral mucin. Masson Trichromestain revealed collagen structure on lamina propria mucosae and textus muscularis striatus syncytialis of apex; moderately on lamina propria mucosae and lesser on textus muscularis striatus syncytialis of the corpus and radix.

Preface

The emerging pest and disease incursions in coconut growing countries result in great economic yield losses and negative impact to the industry, biodiversity loss, and disrupted native and agricultural system.Repeated use of the same active ingredient of pesticide to control pests and diseases could lead to pest and disease resistance. The inevitable effect of climate change, other environmental factors, and the destruction of natural enemies could trigger the incursion and migration of devastating pests and diseases. The massive planting and replanting could create homogeneity in coconut farms, predisposing these to disease infection and pest infestation. The concurrent reported outbreaks of Brontispa in Southeast Asia, Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle, Guam type (CRB-G) in Guam, and Asia-Pacic countries, Coconut Scale Insect in the Philippines, Lethal Yellowing in Jamaica, and Mexico, Bogia Coconut Syndrome in Papua New Guinea, Sexava, Rhyncophorus in Indonesia, and the recognition of the need to develop international biosecurity protocols for safe germplasm exchange have prompted the International Coconut Community (ICC) to hold the 1st IPM symposium.We know that pests and diseases reduced the ability of the industry to fully benefit from the market opportunities. In the face of this situation ICC Sessions and Ministerial meetings as the highest authority and the ICC recommended the ICC Secretariat to convene an IPM symposium to help countries overcome low coconut production due to pests and diseases.The general objective of the symposium is to establish an international IPM network system and synergy to protect the coconut producers & industries and conserve the coconut genetic resources and diversity from the adverse impact of pests and diseases through expertise and experience sharing.The specific objectives of the symposium are:1. To bring together key members of the scientific community for an interactive discussion on emerging issues and advances related to IPM, that will help enhance and develop IPM extension and research on invasive coconut pests and diseases2. To craft ecologically sound, science-based, and sustainable pest and disease management approaches based on IPM practices across countries.3. To create an international platform/network among coconut growing countries to strengthen the development of IPM strategies, pest and disease risk assessment, and inter-country collaborations that will address the research gaps and challenges of managing invasive pests/diseases losses and negative impact on the industry, biodiversity loss, and disrupted native and agricultural system.List of Editor-in-Chief, Managing Editor, Associate Editor, Scientific Committee of IPM Symposium Proceedings are available in this Pdf.

Coconut farming development strategy in Bireuen Regency using hierarchy process analysis

Coconut is one of the main plantation commodities cultivated on small-scale plantations. Bireuen Regency is a coconut-producing area in Aceh Province. Efforts to develop coconut farming continue to be carried out by stakeholders. This study aims to determine alternative strategies for developing coconut farming in Bireuen Regency. The data collection method used purposive sampling with a sample of coconut stakeholders consisting of elements from the government, extension workers, academics, farmer groups, traders, and industry players. The analysis model of this research uses the Analytical Hierarchy Process with the help of the Expert Choice application. The results of this study indicate that alternative strategies in developing coconut farming follow the highest - lowest weighting results obtained: first, increasing coconut production and quality (0.293); the second priority is partnership arrangements with traders and industry (0.257); the third strategy is developing farmer institutions (0.231) and, the fourth strategy for expanding access to capital (0.220).

Feasibility Analysis for The Development of Integrated Coconut Industry in Tidore Islands, North Maluku

Coconut is the number one commodity in North Maluku. Nevertheless, mostly the coconut farmer is lived in poverty. Therefore The Government of Tidore Islands planned to build an integrated coconut industry in its administration area. This research aimed to analyze the feasibility of integrated coconut industry and to decide the main coconut product of the industry. The analysis consisted of market aspect, raw material availability, technology aspect, financial aspect, applied technic, and the impact on society and environment. The market analysis result showed there were 4 food products and 2 non-food products that were suitable to develop in Tidore Islands. Further analysis, which was financial aspect showed white copra was suitable to be the main product of The Integrated Coconut Industry in Tidore Islands. The production of white copra needed IDR 2.795.000.000 as initial capital investment. It was predicted to make a profit IDR 1.766.520.000 /year, the NPV value was IDR 3.702.044.248,88, the IRR value was 64,899% and the PBP was 2,5 years. Coconut husk and coconut shell will be processed to be coconut fiber and charcoal. Based on the result analysis of all the aspects, Integrated Coconut Industry in Tidore Islands is feasible to be established.

STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN AGRIBISNIS KELAPA DALAM (Cocos nucifera L.) SEBAGAI KOMODITAS UNGGULAN DI KABUPATEN BUTON UTARA

This study aims to analyze the coconut commodity as a leading commodity in North Buton Regency and to analyze the income of coconut farming in North Buton Regency. This research was conducted in North Buton Regency for three months, from July to October 2020. The type of data used is quantitative data derived from primary data and secondary data. Data collection is done by way of interviews, observation, and documentation. The sample in this study consisted of 60 coconut farmers and 10 informants who were determined purposively (purposive sampling). Data analysis used is qualitative descriptive analysis, LQ analysis and income analysis. The results of the study show that coconut in North Buton Regency is a superior commodity because based on the production approach the average LQ value for five years (2014-2019) is greater than one (> 1) which is 3.057. The deep coconut agribusiness subsystem in North Buton Regency includes; 1) sub-systems of production facilities such as coconut seeds, coconut peelers, fruit pulp tools, machetes, tarpaulins, sprayers, and lawn mowers; 2) farming subsystem includes planting techniques, land clearing, and harvesting; 3) processing subsystem includes production of copra and coconut shell charcoal; 4) marketing subsystem and 5) supporting advice subsystem. The average income of deep coconut farming in North Buton Regency is Rp. 16,479,910.02. The priority programs for the development of deep coconut agribusiness strategies in North Buton Regency are: 1) Improving the quality of human resources for farmers with a QSPM value of 12.38. 2) Maximizing coconut derivative products with a QSPM value of 12.01. 3) Managing deep coconut agribusiness by utilizing appropriate technology with a QSPM value of 11.96 4) Using superior variety seeds with a QSPM value of 11.86

Bauran Pemasaran (4P) Pada Produk Minyak Kelapa Kampung “Lanarasa” Di Desa Tambu Kecamatan Balaesang

Coconut is a plant that has a high economy because all parts of the coconut plant can be used for human interests, therefore the coconut plant is also called the tree of human life. Donggala Regency is one of the coconut centers in Central Sulawesi Province that has the potential for natural resources in supporting the development of coconut farming businesses where in Tambu village the coconut itself is processed into virgin coconut oil. The purpose of this community service is to provide an understanding and application of the marketing mix, namely products, prices, places, and promotions to Lanarasa coconut oil products. The benefits of this activity are expected to understand more about the marketing mix can help the Lanarasa coconut oil production process in the future to be good. The method carried out is Observation and mentoring. The result achieved is that the public better understands the application of the marketing mix to Lanarasa products. Lanarasa is a brand name product with an affordable market price offered but has good quality.and also has a strategic production place and close to raw materials so as to facilitate the production process. For promotions so far, we market products both directly and also through social media.

Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Masyarakat Berbasis Perkebunan Kelapa

This study aims to determine the efforts to empower coconut farmers in increasing people's in the Gale-Gale Administrative Country and the obstacles faced in terms of empowering coconut farmers. The research method uses descriptivemethods using qualitative data types. Data collection techniques were carried out by means of observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis method was carried out starting from data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that the empowerment efforts carried out by the government or related agencies have not been maximized and the income obtained by farmers from coconut processing is still low. There are several things that become obstacles in empowering coconut farmers, one of which is the lack of awareness of coconut farmers to innovate on processed coconut products so that they can develop not only stop at copra and charcoal containers. This is due to the limited competence possessed by farmers ranging from education, skills, and insight so that development is slow and income is still low.

Evaluating the Potential of Brown Sugar Product as An Effort to Increase the Economic Welfare of Coconut Farmers in Sidorejo Village, Kapenewon Lendah, Kabupaten Kulon Progo

This study aims to give innovation and value added to the brown sugar produced by the community in Sidorejo Village. The purpose is to provide a better income for the coconut farmer as well as to optimize the roles of BUMDES Binangun Dadi Maju as an economic catalyst. This project was conducted in Desa Sidorejo, Kapenemon Lendah, Kabupaten Kulon Progo, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. There are three stages applied in this program i.e.: preparation, application and evaluation. Recommendations and guidance were given to the farmer and BUMDES to develop the brown sugar product and to produce the liquid brown sugar product. The new product development is still under evaluation for the commercial purpose.

Kajian Tekno Ekonomi Dalam Pengembangan Sistem Industri Sabut Kelapa Untuk Usaha Kecil Dan Menengah Di Sulawesi Utara

The coconut industry in North Sulawesi has not maximized coconut husk in its business. Most only use the flesh as copra, crude oil (CCO), and cooking oil. From several research results, it turns out that the portion of coconut husk utilization is still very limited in management, and even thrown away. This study aims to analyze the technological and economic feasibility (techno-economy) of the development of the coconut husk industrial system as an effort to provide stakeholder considerations in increasing the value and income of coconut farmers in North Sulawesi. This research was conducted for three months with survey locations in 2 (two) coconut producing areas in North Sulawesi Province, namely South Minahasa Regency and Bitung City. The research method was carried out by conducting surveys and interviews with coconut farmers, entrepreneurs, local government agencies and with experts, then calculating and studying several parameters for measuring the economic value of alternative technologies and equipment used. The results showed that from the measurement of the NPV (Net Present Value), net B/C ratio, IRR (Internal Rate of Return) and PP (Payback Period) it is known that several alternative systems for the development of the coconut husk industry with fiber, cocopeat and rope products are feasible to be developed in South Minahasa Regency and Bitung City. Several things that are very important in the feasibility of developing this agro-industrial system are equipment technology (process), prices of processed products (output) and a continuous market/off taker. The investment value of processing equipment technology is relatively high, so to increase the enthusiasm of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) it really needs government intervention in equipment technology assistance and market certainty.

Pendapatan Usahatani Kelapa Di Kelurahan Makawidey Kecamatan Aertembaga Kota Bitung

This study aims to determine the income of coconut farming in Makawidey Village, Aertembaga District, Bitung City. This research was conducted for 2 months, from March to May 2022. The data analysis method used in this study was quantitative analysis. Quantitative analysis used is the analysis in determining production, revenue, costs and income. The data used are primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through direct interviews with farmers who own coconut land and those who cultivate coconuts using a prepared questionnaire and observation in the field. Secondary data were obtained from agencies related to this research. The results showed that the income of coconut farming in Makawidey Subdistrict, Aertembaga District, Bitung City with the coconut management fee system was IDR3,764,689 per farmer and income per hectare was IDR1,792,964. Coconut farming income by processing the profitsharing system is IDR3,058,539 per farmer, and IDR1,456,475 per hectare. Coconut processing with a wage system is greater than the profitsharing system.

Pendapatan Usahatani Kelapa Di Desa Jiko Belanga Kecamatan Nuangan Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Timur

This study aims to calculate the income of coconut farming in Jiko Belanga Village, Nuangan District, East Bolaang Mongondow Regency. This research was conducted during September 2022. The data used in this research are primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through direct interviews with 10 respondents using a questionnaire. And secondary data obtained through books, journals, and literature related to this research topic. The results of this study indicate that the average income received by the farmers of Jiko Belanga Village, Nuangan District, East Bolaang Mongondow Regency with coconut farming for one harvest/per quarter (3 months) with copra production of IDR4,956,517. and income per hectare is IDR2,065,215.

Farmer regeneration and knowledge co-creation in the sustainability of coconut agribusiness in Gorontalo, Indonesia

Abstract Farmer regeneration in agribusiness sustainability originates from the innovation of knowledge co-creation among farmer generations and interaction between stakeholders within and outside local contexts. The present work aims at exploring knowledge co-creation in the context of different orientations between young and old farmers. It also seeks to characterize the orientation of the two farmer groups from the aspect of agriculture, processing, and marketing of coconut through knowledge co-creation interaction to further their agricultural activities. All data in this grounded theory research came from in-depth interviews; the data were further examined using an open, axial, and selective coding method. The transcription of the field note was analyzed using an ATLAS.ti version 9, a program for analyzing qualitative data. The sample of the study was 13 of young farmers (25 to 45 years old) and 17 of old farmers (45 to 65 years old). The results revealed that the old farmers focused on revitalizing coconut trees for long-term purposes. The knowledge co-creation process among this farmer group (with other stakeholders) put an emphasis on copra and cooking oil production. Young farmers, however, focused on coconut tree integration with annual plants for short-term purposes, especially on the virgin coconut oil and innovative products from foreign technology adaptation. In conclusion, coconut business sustainability is the byproduct of knowledge co-creation and engagement between old and young farmers. This condition results in the survivability of coconut farmers. The novelty of this study lies in the classification of the orientation of the two coconut farmer groups in terms of agricultural, processing, and marketing aspects, which results in knowledge co-creation and its relation to the sustainability of coconut agriculture.

ANALISIS PENDAPATAN PETANI KELAPA DI DESA RANOKETANG ATAS KECAMATAN TOULUAAN KABUPATEN MINAHASA TENGGARA (Income Analysis of Coconut Farmers in Ranoketang Atas Village, Touluaan Sub District, Southeast Minahasa Regency)

The objective of this research is to analyze income, income comparison and the feasibility of coconut farming, both those selling in the form of coconut seeds and those selling in the form of copra in Ranoketang Atas Village, Touluaan District, Southeast Minahasa Regency. Data collection methods are interviews, recording and documentation. The data collected in this study are primary data obtained from direct interviews with respondents through questionnaires and secondary data obtained from the Ranoketang Atas Village office and Touluaan Sub District Office. 
 The research results indicated that there is a significant difference level of income between farmers who sell coconuts in the form of coconut seeds and farmers who sell coconuts in the form of copra with the average income of farmers who sell coconuts in the form of coconut seeds of Rp. 16,915,929 per quarter and the average income of farmers who sell coconut in the form of copra is Rp. 20,719,939 per quarter. The results of the feasibility analysis of farming obtained a value of more than 1 which means that coconut farming run by coconut farmers in the village of Ranoketang Atas, Touluaan Sub District, Southeast Minahasa Regency is feasible.

Characteristics of Smallholder Coconut Cultivation in North Aceh

Cocosnucifera L. farms in Indonesia are smallholder plantations, and the cultivation methods used have not been properly considered, leading to a low yield.The study aimed to identify the coconut cultivation method and evaluate the systems' suitability according to the recommendation on small-scale farmer plantations in the North Aceh regency. Within the North Aceh regency, we interviewed 135 coconut farmers in three different districts, i.e., Baktiya, Sawang, and Dewantara.The data collected and analysed using R-studio and the non-parametric chi-square test. Around 83% of the respondent in Sawang practice mixed culture in coconut farming, 53% in Baktiya, and 40% in Dewantara. The majority of the coconut variety planted is from the farmer's local garden.Coconuts are usually harvested manually by climbing, with harvesting occurring three to four times each year.Coconuts are picked and shipped immediately to collectors without prior sorting or storage.The annual production of coconuts varies significantly amongst the three districts. Baktiya produces approximately 4.87 tonnes of coconuts annually, while Sawang and Dewantara yield 1.34 tonnes and 0.80 tonnes, respectively.In general, respondents have not carried out the cultivation process in accordance with regional recommendations for planting coconuts.

Partnership Pattern of Desiccated Coconut Value Chain in North Sulawesi

Partnerships in the value chain are critical to assisting businesses, increasing partner group resources, and expanding business scale to increase income and prosperity. The issue is that North Sulawesi’s coconut farmers have low bargaining positions and shared knowledge of market networks, making it easier for farmers to develop their farming activities, so cooperation or cooperation is required. This study aims to determine (1) the implementation of partnerships between the desiccated coconut industry and coconut farmers and (2) the pattern of partnerships between coconut farmers and the desiccated coconut industry. The stages of the research are as follows: (1) determining the location and research respondents, namely farmers and the desiccated coconut industry; and collecting data ( leaders and managers); (2) developing and testing research instruments, (3) data collection through simple random sampling methods (farmers), purposive sampling (company leaders and managers), and expert surveys; (4)data tabulation, (5) data analysis, namely AHP analysis. According to the study, the current partnership pattern between coconut farmers and desiccated coconut companies is KOA (Agribusiness Operational Cooperation). As a result, experts propose that a plasma nucleus pattern is the ideal partnership pattern for coconut farmers and desiccated coconut companies In North Sulawesi.

Farmers Risk Perception, Management Strategies and Effectiveness: Evidences from Coconut Farmers of Kerala, India

Farmers Risk Perception, Management Strategies and Effectiveness: Evidences from Coconut Farmers of Kerala, India

FINANCIAL BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS OF COCONUT FARMERS IN BIREUEN REGENCY

Bireuen Regency is one of the areas in Aceh Province which has a superior commodity to be cultivated compared to other commodities such as coconut. The existence of consumptive behavior of coconut farmers is caused by a person's lack of understanding of how to manage finances in a good and right way. For this reason, a deep understanding of farmer behavior in managing their finances, as well as their interest in being involved in formal financial institutions. The purpose of this study was to determine education, financial knowledge, income, financial attitudes and use of financial institutions influence the financial management behavior of coconut farmers in Bireuen District. The sampling method used the slovin method and the sample for this study was 100 coconut farmers in South Peusangan District, Juli and Jeumpa determined the research area by purposive sampling. The analytical method used is ordinal logistic regression analysis with the help of SPSS 22.0 software. The results of the study concluded that the financial behavior of coconut farmers which showed the variables of education, financial knowledge, income, financial attitudes and use of financial institutions had a significance <0.05 on the management behavior of coconut farmers in Bireuen Regency. In the education variable of coconut farmers belonging to the high school (SMA) level of education, the financial knowledge variable explains that coconut farmers have fairly good financial knowledge,