Coconut Ash Research Articles

Improvement of Growth Media Quality Using Coconut Coir Dust, Coconut Ash, and Palm Kernel Shell Biochar

<p>The sustainable management of agricultural waste is vital for addressing environmental challenges while enhancing resource efficiency in agriculture. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of agricultural residues, specifically coconut and oil palm by-products, as growth media components. Growth media mixtures were formulated using coconut coir dust (CCD), coconut shell ash (CSA), and palm kernel shell biochar (PKSB), and their physicochemical properties were analyzed. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. The results indicated that a growth media mixture consisting of 100% CSA demonstrated high pH (7.89), electrical conductivity (2.70 dS m<sup>-1</sup>), cation exchange capacity (12.57 cmolc kg<sup>-1</sup>), and significant concentrations of P (13.90 mg l<sup>-1</sup>) and K (191.70 mg l<sup>-1</sup>), which suggests its suitability as a liming agent. However, this mixture exhibited limitations in aeration and water retention due to low porosity (24.3%). Furthermore, increasing the proportions of CSA and PKSB significantly enhanced the growth media’s bulk density and particle density. These findings provide valuable insights into developing efficient growth media from agricultural by-products, thereby contributing to sustainable waste management and innovative farming practices.</p>

Pengaruh Media Kompos Abu Sabut Kelapa terhadap Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Tanaman Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frustescens)

The availability of nutrients in the growing media greatly affects the process of plant growth. This study aims to determine the effect of coconut coir compost media on the vegetative growth of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frustescens). This research was carried out at the Green House of the Department Biology of Education, FSTT, Mandalika University of Education from September 22 - November 2, 2021 and the weighing was carried out at the Biology Laboratory, FSTT, Mandalika University of Education. The design of this study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 6 replications, namely the treatment of coconut coir ash concentration P1 (coco coir ash concentration 5.0 grams), P2 (10 grams coconut coir ash concentration), P3 (coconut ash concentration 10 grams), P3 (coconut ash concentration 10 grams), coconut 15 grams), and 1 control treatment. Parameters observed were number of leaves, stem height, wet weight, and dry weight. The data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results showed that: 1) there were differences in the number of leaves and stem height for each treatment (P < 0.05), where the highest to lowest number of leaves and stem height were obtained in treatments P0, P1, P2, and P3; 2) there was no difference in wet weight for all treatments (P > 0.05); and 3) there was no difference in dry weight for all treatments (P > 0.05). The practicum guide enrichment materials produced from this study have met the criteria for media validation with a score of 70.83%, content validation 75%, and language validation 65%. With this result, the enrichment material is in the feasible category.

Permeability Analysis Using the Falling Head Method on Soil with the Addition of Coconut Fiber Ash

This study was to determine the physical properties of the soil and the effect of adding coconut ash to the permeability coefficient using the fall method. Soil sampling was carried out in Bolu Village, Rantepao District, North Toraja Regency and the added material used coconut fiber from community waste located on Biring Romang Street, Kapasa Village, Makassar City with the proportion of added material being 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%. The structure in this research is to use research on the physical properties of the soil and then compile the composition of the alloy to the soil permeability test so that it can produce a coefficient of soil permeability. The results of this study indicate that the soil meets the characteristics as clay soil. The effect of adding fiber ash to the soil is a decrease in the permeability value where the higher the proportion of coconut fibers, the smaller the permeability until the addition of 15%.

Peningkatan Produksi dan Pendapatan Petani Jagung Pulut melalui Aplikasi Pupuk Organik Abu Sabut Kelapa

This community service was carried out at Poso Regency in June to November 2019. Its purpose was to provide training and assistance to partner in utilizing and processing coconut fiber as agricultural waste into organic fertilizer of ash to be applied to waxy corn crop. The method of activity includes: (1) Explanation regarding the process of making organic fertilizer with raw materials of coconut fiber wastes, and economic aspect of utilizing coconut ash organic fertilizer; (2) Production activity in the form of the coconut ash organic fertilizer processing training, the fertilizer application to crop, and profit farming analysis to measure turnover increasing; (3) Partner assistance during the training and productions processes. Partner consists of farmer who belongs to the category of economically productive. Results demonstrate that the program implementation has given improvement to technical and economic achievements of partner’s farming. The improvement of waxy corn production was from 0.90 tonnes/hectare to 3.912 tonnes/hectare, whereas the increased farm profits was from IDR 2,600,000/ha/planting season to IDR 16,066,000/ha/planting season. A high level of partner’s satisfaction to cooperation and activity outcome on partner’s productive business was an incentive to continue adopting coconut ash organic fertilizer technology in his subsequent farming activities. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/abdimas.v6i1.4988

Enhancement of soil properties using bottom ash, fly ash and coconut ash - An application of waste to wealth

Abundant waste materials are being produced nowadays due to rapid commercialisation and urbanisation. Disposal of these waste materials is a challenging task since it causes both air and water pollution. Since the production of waste materials is inevitable, a suitable strategy has to adopted to convert this waste into wealth. In this study, the red soil was collected from the field and the same was composted with organic matter to enhance its organic carbon content. Further, bottom ash, fly ash and coconut waste ash (CWA) has been added to the composted soil in a ratio of 1:4. Subsequently, the organic carbon content and strength parameters of the mixtures were determined. Soil organic carbon content was determined using Walkley Black method while the strength parameters were determined using standard proctor compaction test (SPCT) and Vane shear test. The N, P and K of the original collected soil were 160 kg ha-1, 14 kg ha-1, and 139 kg ha-1 respectively. The soil organic carbon content is highest with 65% when composted soil is mixed with bottom ash. The maximum dry density of soil increased from 0.765 to 0.81 due to addition of bottom ash. The Shear strength increases gradually with the increase in percentage of Coconut Waste Ash (CWA) and torque of soil also attained the effective value.

Influence in Mechanical Properties of Stir Cast Aluminium (AA6061) Hybrid Metal matrix Composite (HMMC) with Silicon Carbide, Fly Ash and Coconut coir Ash Reinforcement

Abstract The agricultural waste and industrial waste are available in abundance globally and causes risk to health as well as the environment. Thus, their effective and eco-friendly utilization has always been a challenge for scientific applications. The need for high performance materials has caused a shift in research from monolithic to composite materials. This paper presents a study on the mechanical and tribological properties of stir cast aluminium matrix Hybrid composites (MMHC) containing reinforcements using both agricultural waste (coconut shell ash) and industrial waste (fly ash) of particle size 45-50μm at four different compositions. This study mainly focuses on automobile components which frequently fails due to poor wear resistance. Test samples were casted in four different composition by varying the volume fraction of metal matrix composite and coconut shell ash. Hardness test, tensile strength test, percentage elongation were carried out to find their mechanical properties. The results shows that significant Improvement in hardness and percentage of elongation as the weight % of coconut Ash increases in MMHC.It has been observed that tensile properties decreases, as the weight % of coconut ash increases in MMHC. The optical and scanning electron micrographs of the samples indicated uniform distribution of the reinforcement particles in the matrix without any voids.

Treatment of Diesel Oil Contaminated Soil by Ex-situ Bioremediation

Treatment of oil-polluted soil is a challenging problem faced by all refineries and petrochemical industries. In this research study, bioremediation of diesel oil contaminated soil was conducted for diesel concentration ranging from 5% to 20%. The physicochemical characteristics of diesel oil contaminated soil were studied. The effects of soil amendments, namely coconut ash powder, biofilter activated sludge, and NPK fertilizer, on total petroleum hydrocarbon removal efficiency were studied. The maximum total petroleum hydrocarbon removal efficiency achieved was 94.5% when 4g NPK, 40g of activated sludge and 40g of coconut ash powder per 1000g of contaminated soil were used. The studies on the effect of temperature confirmed the optimal temperature as 35°C. The parametric studies confirmed that the degradation efficiency decreased with increase in diesel oil concentration.

Fabrication and characterization of thermally-insulating coconut ash-based geopolymer foam

This study aims at synthesizing porous coconut ash (CA)-based geopolymer foam with high thermal insulation property. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), alumina slag (AS) and water contents as the main parameters, which affect the performance hardened CA, have been studied. The porosity was developed by hydrogen gas resulted from the interaction of Al metal, in AS, with NaOH. The compressive strength, bulk density, porosity and thermal conductivity were evaluated. The results proved that the AS has a potential impact on the reduction of thermal conductivity of CA-based geopolymer foam by creation of high porous system. Open celled hardened CA-based geopolymer with high porosity (∼87%), low thermal conductivity (∼0.045 W/m·K), compressive strength (1.3 MPa) and bulk density (∼0.60 g/cm3) was obtained when 7% AS (by weight of CA powder) and water to CA powder ratio of 0.4 were used.

A Review on Mechanical and Tribological Behaviors of Stir Cast Aluminum Matrix Composites.

In the past few years the global need for low cost, high performance and good quality materials has caused a shift in research from monolithic to composite materials. In case of MMC's, aluminum matrix composite due their high strength to weight ratio, low cost and high wear resistance are widely manufactured and used in structural applications along with aerospace and automobile industry. Also a simple and cost effective method for manufacturing of the composites is very essential for expanding their application. Reinforcements like particulate alumina, silicon carbide, graphite, fly ash etc can easily be incorporated in the melt using cheap and widely available stir casting method. This paper presents a review on the mechanical and tribological properties of stir cast aluminum matrix composites containing single and multiple reinforcement. Addition of alumina to aluminum has shown an increase in its mechanical and tribological properties. Organic reinforcement like fly ash, coconut ash also improved the tensile and yield strength. Self-lubricating property of graphite improved the machinability of aluminum. Many authors have also reported about modified stir casting route.