Cochise County Research Articles

Petrology and Stratigraphy of Earp Formation, Pima and Cochise Counties, Arizona: ABSTRACT

Stratigraphic and petrologic studies show that the Earp Formation of Pennsylvanian and Permian ages in southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico consists of fluvial clastic rocks that interfinger with supratidal, intertidal, and subtidal marine carbonate rocks. The clastics encroached initially from the northwest into the shallow Earp sea during Missourian time and continued migrating eastward during Virgilian and Wolfcampian time. Clastic-ratio and isopach maps, a convex-upward geometry shown by a thinning of the overlying Colina Limestone, and primary sedimentary structures indicate that the clastic-dominated part of the Earp Formation was deposited as a delta. In the carbonate lithologies, 3 environments of deposition are recognizable: supratidal, intertidal, and subtidal. The supratidal environment is characterized by pelmicrites filled with sparry calcite surrounded by a micrite envelope; desiccated, interlaminated carbonates of algal origin (biomicrites); the absence of fossils; evidence of dedolomitization; and bird's-eye structure (dismicrite). The intertidal environment is composed of pelmicrites, biomicrites, micrites, and biosparites. Fusulinid biomicrites and biomicrites that have delicate tests preserved are characteristic of the subtidal environment. End_of_Article - Last_Page 349------------

Oil and Gas Possibilities in Pedregosa Basin: ABSTRACT

Oil and gas have been found in the Pedregosa basin area, but it is not known if they are in commercial quantities. Geologists such as Kottlowski, Wengerd, Foster, and Zeller have suggested the oil potential of various zones. Analogies have been drawn between environmental and structural similarities of the Pedregosa basin and nearby oil-producing basins. Shows of oil have been reported from shallow water wells in southwestern New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, and the northern part of the state of Chihuahua. Zeller reported oil shows in the Big Hatchet Mountains in the Cretaceous strata and good petroliferous odor from Paleozoic rocks. The Hachita Dome well drilled in 1953 near the town of Hachita reported shows of oil from lower Paleozoic limestones. Humble Oil and Refini g Company's B. A. State, drilled south of the Big Hatchet Mountains, recovered gas on a drill-stem test from Permian rocks. The Humble well was reentered a few years ago by a group of independent oil men in an attempt to make a commercial gas well. They reported gas flow at the rate of 0.5 MMcf/d, but lost the hole when attempting to acid frac the gas zone. Oil shows were reported in the Cockrell well drilled north of Coyote Hills. Sample shows have been reported in the Pemex well drilled at Los Chinos in northern Chihuahua, Mexico. Oil shows in the surface exposure of the Mississippian near Bavispe, Chihuahua, were noted by Pemex surface geologists. Porosity in the middle sandstone member of the Cambrian Bliss Sandstone is present in the exposures at Big Hatchet Mountains. Cambrian sandstones produce on anticlines on the Eastern shelf of the Midland basin of West Texas. The 800 ft of porous Silurian Fusselman Dolomite, present in the Franklin Mountains, was eroded after Middle Devonian uplift in the Big Hatchet Mountains area. The eroded scarp is covered by sapropelic shale and dark chert of the Upper Devonian. Similar conditions on the Eastern shelf and Central Basin platform of the Permian basin of West Texas and southeastern New Mexico produce oil from structural and stratigraphic traps. Ordovician El Paso-Ellenburger dolomite is present and should be covered by the Devonian shale west of the Fusselman subcrop. The Ellenburger is an excellent producer on structure in the Permian basin of West Texas and southern New Mexico. Bioherms of Mississippian crinoids are present in the Sacramento and San Andres Mountains and very massive End_Page 536------------------------------ limestone cliffs up to 500 ft thick are present in southwestern New Mexico and southeastern Arizona. Horquilla reefs, 1,200 ft thick, were described and photographed by Zeller in the Big Hatchet Mountains. The reef started growing in Desmoinesian time and grew into early Wolfcampian time. Numerous reefs in West Texas and southeastern New Mexico grew at the same time and have produced billions of barrels of oil. Porous Epitaph Dolomite is visible in the Big Hatchet Mountains, reefs are present in the Mustang Mountains, and lagoonal evaporites are present in the Whetstone Mountains of Cochise County, Arizona. Presence of backreef evaporites up to 200 ft thick lends evidence that the Leonardian-age Epitaph Dolomite could be analogous to the prolific Abo production of southeastern New Mexico. Lower Cretaceous beds contain rudistid, coralline, algal, bioclastic banks up to 500 ft thick in the Big Hatchet Mountains and 200 ft thick in the Mule Mountains of southeastern Arizona. The large Pedregosa basin contains more than 25,000 ft of sedimentary rocks. For most of Paleozoic time, the basin had a history of environment and structural evolution similar to the Permian basin of West Texas and southeastern New Mexico. Billions of barrels of oil and tens of trillions of cubic feet of gas have been produced in the Permian basin. I believe a like amount will be found in the Pedregosa basin. End_of_Article - Last_Page 537------------

Mammoth-Bone Shaft Wrench from Murray Springs, Arizona

Archeological excavations at Murray Springs, Cochise County, Arizona, in July 1967 uncovered a unique bone tool in the Clovis occupation level and in association with bones of a mammoth. The tool may be a wrench for straightening shafts of spears; if so, shaft diameters ranging from 14 to 17 millimeters were most likely used in hafting Clovis projectile points.

Petrography of the Faraway Ranch Formation, Chiricahua National Monument, Arizona

Research Article| September 01, 1966 Petrography of the Faraway Ranch Formation, Chiricahua National Monument, Arizona LOUIS A FERNANDEZ, JR.; LOUIS A FERNANDEZ, JR. Dept. Geology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar HAROLD E ENLOWS HAROLD E ENLOWS Dept. Geology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information LOUIS A FERNANDEZ, JR. Dept. Geology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York HAROLD E ENLOWS Dept. Geology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon Publisher: Geological Society of America Received: 17 May 1965 First Online: 02 Mar 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2674 Print ISSN: 0016-7606 Copyright © 1966, The Geological Society of America, Inc. Copyright is not claimed on any material prepared by U.S. government employees within the scope of their employment. GSA Bulletin (1966) 77 (9): 1017–1030. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1966)77[1017:POTFRF]2.0.CO;2 Article history Received: 17 May 1965 First Online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation LOUIS A FERNANDEZ, HAROLD E ENLOWS; Petrography of the Faraway Ranch Formation, Chiricahua National Monument, Arizona. GSA Bulletin 1966;; 77 (9): 1017–1030. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1966)77[1017:POTFRF]2.0.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract The Faraway Ranch Formation is a sequence of volcanic rocks and volcanic-derived sedimentary rocks forming much of the northern Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona. This formation rests in part upon Lower Cretaceous rocks of the Bisbee Formation and in part upon the eroded surface of an altered andesite, possibly intruded during Laramide magmatism. It is overlain by the middle Miocene Rhyolite Canyon Formation; both are thought to have resulted from the middle Cenozoic pulse of Basin and Range magmatism. The Faraway Ranch Formation has been subdivided into nine members comprising 1375 feet of strata: five are pyroclastic in origin, two are flows, and two are fluviatile sedimentary rocks formed of the debris from volcanic rocks. Andesite and basalt are present, but rhyolite and rhyodacite predominate. Although mafic volcanic debris is present in the sedimentary rocks, silicic debris predominates. Fanglomerates and coarse, fluviatile sedimentary rocks indicate a topography during Faraway Ranch time similar to that now existing. This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

Some Lichens from West Fork, Coconino County, Arizona

Some Lichens from West Fork, Coconino County, Arizona

Uranium-Lead Isotopic Variations in Zircons: A Case Study

Zircons in a single 250-pound block of Precambrian Johnny Lyon granodiorite from the Dragoon Quadrangle in Cochise County, Arizona, have been concentrated with special attention to yield and nature of impurities. Morphology, zoning, color, inclusions, size distribution, radioactivity, refractive indexes, cell dimensions, and other properties have been compared with the isotopic properties in the U-Pb system (and to a less precise degree in the Th-Pb system). It has been observed: (1) Uranothorite impurities, while less than 1 per cent in abundance, contribute much more than 50 per cent of the activity in conventionally prepared concentrates. The presence of uranothorite drastically affects the apparent ages in the zirons. (2) The uranothorite can be satisfactorily removed by an appropriate acid-washing procedure. (3) The uranothorite-free zircon concentrates are not homogeneous and show systematic variations in radioactivity and various isotopic properties as a function of average crystal size. (4) Individual zircons show internal variation in radioactivity and may differ in specific activity from other individuals by as much as an order of magnitude. (5) It is possible to strip outer layers experimentally from an aggregate of zircons to determine variations in composite internal isotopic properties. (6) The family of uranium-lead systems distinguished in the in-homogeneous zircon suite may be utilized to establish patterns of isotopic ratio variations that yield much more useful geochronological information than any single system. (7) All systems in this rock appear to have formed 1,655 million years ago and to have been profoundly disturbed by an event 90 million years ago. There is no evidence of any type of disturbance other than this simple episodic pattern. (8) While the mechanism of disturbance is not directly established, it is evident that radioactivity and radiation damage strongly influence susceptibility of the systems to disturbance. (9) It is possible to offer reasonable explanations for some of the puzzling discrepancies between uranium-lead and thorium-lead ages determined on a single mineral concentrate. (10) Recognition of the existence of families of uranium-lead systems among the variable members of a single mineral species, or in associated mineral species, in a single typical granitic rock provides a powerful tool for investigation of the processes and conditions that have influenced the age-dating systems. (11) The systematic variations in U and Th provide interesting information on the role of some trace elements and accessory minerals in the crystallization history of the rock. (12) The Johnny Lyon granodiorite is the oldest igneous rock dated in Arizona thus far and places a minimum age of million years on the orogeny called Mazatzal Revolution.

Oxygen Capacity of Lizard Bloods

The oxygen capacity of bloods from nineteen species of lizards representing eight genera and three families were determined. Mean values obtained for these species ranged from 7.7 to 12.6 vol %. Oxygen capacity was found to be uncorrelated with the extent of heat resistance characterizing the various species. Likewise no correlation was evident between oxygen capacity and the altitude at which the lizards had existed prior to study, whether the analysis was concerned with populations within a single species (Sceloporus jarrovi), species within a single genus (Sceloporus), or with the entire array of species studied. The values reported for this study fall within t'he general range previously established for reptiles by other authors. The upper portion of this range overlaps the lower portion of that for oxygen capacities of birds and mammals. This overlap suggests that the demands upon respiratory transport created with the intensification of metabolism in the evolution of homeothermy have been met primarily through such means as augmentation of cardiac output rather than through any major increase in the transport capacities of the blood. We have undertaken this study of oxygen capacity of lizard bloods as an initial step in the analysis of respiratory transport in this group. Bloods of nineteen species from southwestern United States, representing eight genera and three families have been analyzed. Acknowledgments. -We are extremely grateful to Dr. Mont A. Cazier, the Director of the Southwestern Research Station, for the numerous courtesies extended to us during our work in Arizona, and to Harvey F. Pough for the assistance rendered in the capture and maintenance of lizards. We also wish to thank Dr. Wilbur W. Mayhew of the University of Calilfornia at Riverside for supplying us with desert iguanas, Dipsosaurus dorsalis. This study was supported in part by grants from the National Science Foundation (G-2096 and G-9238) and from the Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies, The University of Michigan. MATERIALS AND METHODS A majority of the lizards used in this study were obtained in extreme southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico, within 25 miles of the Southwestern Research Station, near Portal, Arizona. Sceloporus poinsetti and Crotaphytus collaris were obtained in Hidalgo County, New Mexico. Sceloporus jarrovi, S. undulatus virgatus (designation of subspecies has been made only where two or more conspecific forms occur within the same county), S. clarki, Uta stansburiana, Holbrookia texana, Phrynosoma modestum, P. cornutum, P. douglassi, Cnemidophorus inornatus, C. sacki, and C. tigris, were obtained in Cochise County, Arizona. Lizards which could be approached closely were captured with a noose connected to the end of a trout pole. More wary animals were obtained by stunning them with a heavy rubber band Present address: Department of Zoology, Yale University.

Some Early Cretaceous Calcareous Algae from Cochise County, Arizona

An early Cretaceous marine algal floral consisting of Boueina pygmaea Pia, Neomeris pfenderae, n. sp., Arcicularia americana, n. sp., and Archaeolithothamnium? sp. is described from the Mural Limestone of Cochise County. A study of known occurrences of Neomeris suggests that Recent species of this genus are and Cretaceous species were, restricted to tropical marine environments (isocrymes above 20 degrees C.) within the lower littoral and upper infralittoral zones (O to 10 m.).

Permian Concha Limestone and Rainvalley Formation, Southeastern Arizona

The Concha Limestone of Gilluly and others (1954), and the Rainvalley Formation, herein defined, are the youngest strata of Permian Age recognized in southern Arizona. The two formations occur in many of the outcrops of upper Paleozoic rocks in southeastern Arizona, but have not been identified west of central Pima County, Arizona. The type section of the Concha Limestone in the Gunnison Hills, Cochise County, Arizona, is incomplete, and a reference section is proposed from the Mustang Mountains. The Concha Limestone is thick-bedded to massive, gray to dark gray, and very finely crystalline, and it contains numerous chert nodules, particularly in the lower 180 feet. It is 570 feet thick at the reference locality. The Rainvalley Formation conformably overlies the Concha Li estone and is 390 feet thick at the proposed type locality in the Mustang Mountains. It is made up of thin-bedded limestone and dolomitic limestone units and a few sandstone beds. The Rainvalley is separated from the Concha Limestone because its beds are thinner and more varicolored and have a higher dolomite content than the thickbedded limestone of the Concha. The age of the Concha is tentatively considered Leonard and Guadalupe(?) and that of the Rainvalley, Guadalupe(?).

The Pigmy Mouse in Southeastern Arizona

Recent trapping has resulted in a better understanding of the ecology and distribution of Baiomys taylori in Arizona. This species has been reported from only two localities in Arizona: 5 to 9 miles west of Hereford, Cochise County, where it was collected in “tall grass and weeds” by Phillip M. Blossom in March, 1941, (Blossom and Burt, Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 465: 1–4, 1942), and 1 ½ miles southwest of Fort Grant, 4,600 ft., Graham County, where it was “taken in a habitat of mesquite, sacaton, yucca, grama, and some other low bushes” (Hoffmeister, Amer. Midland Nat., 55: 257–258, 1956). Specimens reported below indicate that this species is to be expected in local areas of dense grass throughout southeastern Arizona at …

METAMORPHISM AND VOLUME LOSSES IN CARBONATE ROCKS NEAR JOHNSON CAMP, COCHISE COUNTY, ARIZONA

Research Article| May 01, 1957 METAMORPHISM AND VOLUME LOSSES IN CARBONATE ROCKS NEAR JOHNSON CAMP, COCHISE COUNTY, ARIZONA JOHN R COOPER JOHN R COOPER U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, DENVER, COLORADO Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar GSA Bulletin (1957) 68 (5): 577–610. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1957)68[577:MAVLIC]2.0.CO;2 Article history received: 20 Feb 1956 first online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation JOHN R COOPER; METAMORPHISM AND VOLUME LOSSES IN CARBONATE ROCKS NEAR JOHNSON CAMP, COCHISE COUNTY, ARIZONA. GSA Bulletin 1957;; 68 (5): 577–610. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1957)68[577:MAVLIC]2.0.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract Contact-metamorphosed carbonate rocks occur near a stock of quartz monzonite at Johnson Camp, in Chochise County, Arizona. The metamorphosed carbonate rocks show successive zones characterized by (1) chlorite (locally talc), (2) tremolite, (3) forsterite and diopside, and (4) garnet (with local wollastonite and idocrase), as the stock is approached. The mineralogical and textural changes indicate an origin of the silicate minerals by a fixed sequence of chemical reactions between original constituents of the sedimentary rock, with a negligible amount of material added from an outside source but with considerable interchange of material between beds. Silicate minerals generally did not form in pure carbonate rocks in any zone. The distinctive silicates of the outer three zones formed in abundance only in impure dolomites. Garnet, wollastonite, and idocrase of zone 4 formed only in impure limestones; the mineral assemblages in the once dolomitic rocks remained the same in zone 4 as in zone 3.The chemical reactions that can reasonably be inferred release carbon dioxide and result in the formation of denser minerals, suggesting a decrease in volume, which is confirmed by stratigraphic measurements showing that the silicated facies is as much as 30 per cent thinner than the unsilicated facies. Structural features resulting from the loss in volume are very obscure because of greater deformation not due to the metamorphism and because of recrystallization during the metamorphic process. The losses in volume must be taken into account in comparing chemical analyses of the unmetamorphosed and metamorphosed facies to determine the gains and losses of constituents.Metasomatism, which included the formation of copper and zinc replacement deposits that have yielded about $20,000,000 to date, started near the temperature maximum and increased as the temperature fell. This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

A Population Of Uranotaenia Anhydor From Death Valley, With Descriptions Of All Stages And Discussion Of The Complex (Diptera, Culicidae)

Uranotaenia anhydor Dyar, 1907 is regarded as one of the rarer North American mosquitoes. The original description was based on a single larva collected by Dyar and Caudell on June 2, 1906 in a swamp full of reeds at Sweet water Junction (now part of National City), near San Diego, Calif. Subsequently, Dyar reared a series of adults of both sexes from larvae collected in Old Town, San Diego (Howard, Dyar and Knab, 1917, 4: 1041–1042), Freeborn (1926:350) reported a single female from Camp Kearney (near San Diego), and E. A. Seaman and C. S. Richards found two larvae near Bonsall, San Diego County (Seaman, 1945). Brookman and Reeves (1953: 234–235) were the first to report this species outside of San Diego County, having reared an adult of each sex from two pupae collected in northwestern Baja California, Mexico, some 45 miles south of San Diego. These authors also mentioned a series of rubbed females apparently of this species collected at lights by C. B. and R. N. Philip at Fairbanks Springs, Ash Meadows, Nye County, Nevada, on August 21, 1949. In the summer and fall of 1953, C. S. Richards took a small series of anhydor females in light traps and one larva and one pupa at St. David, Cochise County, Arizona (Richards, 1954 in lit .).

Vegetation of the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona

During the course of two years (1949-51) of wildlife studies in the Huachuca Mountains of southeastern Arizona considerable attention was given to the distribution of plant communities as a background for faunal investigations. Intensive ecological studies of plants were not possible because of prior duties but a rather complete analysis was made of major vegetation units. Continuing biological studies in the Huachucas seem to justify making those observations available to other workers. The Huachuca Mountains lie in southeastern Arizona approximately 25 miles east of the city of Bisbee, Cochise County. This area is in the Mexican Highland Section of the Basin and Range Physiographic Province. The southern extremity of the range is intersected by the International Boundary and from this point it extends northwesterly about 20 miles, having a southeastnorthwest axis.

Notes on the Pygmy Mouse (Baiomys), with Description of a New Subspecies from Mexico

The geographic ranges of Baiomys taylori and B. musculus are for the most part complementary. That of taylori extends from southeastern Arizona and eastern Texas south to Colima and west-central Veracruz. Some marginal occurrences known to me from published records or from specimens in the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology follow: At north, vicinity of: Hereford, Cochise County, Arizona; El Sauz, Chihuahua; Zarca, Durango; Monterrey, Nuevo Le6n; San Antonio, Bexar County, and La Belle, Jefferson County, Texas. At south, vicinity of: Pujal, San Luis Potosi; Acultzingo, Veracruz; M6xico, Distrito Federal; Apatzingan, MichoacAn; Colima, Colima; and La Resolana, Jalisco. The range of B. musculus lies mostly south of the range of B. taylori. It extends from western Nicaragua northwest through El Salvador, southern Honduras and Guatemala to the escarpment of the Mesa Central of M6xico; there it bifurcates around those highlands, one arm extending to central Veracruz, the other reaching at least to western Jalisco. Two southern marginal records are the vicinity of Matagalpa and of San Rafael del Norte, Nicaragua. Some northern occurrences are the vicinity of: Jalapa and Plan del Rio, Veracruz; Tepanco and Piaxtla, Puebla; Tepoztln Tzitzio and Tacambaro, Michoacan; and San Gabriel and Ameca, Jalisco. Osgood (N. Amer. Fauna, No. 28, p. 258,1909) referred specimens from Culiacan, Sinaloa, and Valparaiso, Zacatecas, to B. musculus. However, apparently he suspected that they might be examples of B. taylori; he noted that their skulls were somewhat peculiar. The specimens should be re-examined. Because their ranges are chiefly complementary and because size is the principal differential character ascribed to the forms (Osgood, op. cit.), one might readily suspect that the two interbreed and thus may be one species instead of two. There is no evidence that they interbreed, however, unless the aforementioned specimens of peculiar structure from CuliacAn and Valparaiso be hybrids. Examples of each of the species have been collected at each of several localities. In each instance the characters of the species are sharply segregated, apparently evidencing complete reproductive isolation of the two forms. In the southern United States and northern M6xico B. taylori occurs on the lowlands of both coasts as well as on the intervening Mexican Plateau. At the latitudes in central M4xico where its range meets that of B. musculus, however, taylori is typically the form of the arid temperate highlands and musculus is predominant in the adjoining arid tropical lowlands. In this border zone that fringes the Mesa Central, the ranges overlap and interdigitate; peninsulas of the range of musculus extend onto the rim of the Plateau and the range of taylori projects finger-like into lowlands. Following are localities at which both species are known to occur: Colima, Colima (Osgood, ibid.), and San Gabriel, La Resolana, and Ameca, Jalisco. At each of the three Jaliscan localities our field party from the Museum of Zoology 90 Vol. 33, No. 1

A Ball Court Located on the San Pedro River in Southeastern Arizona

The Amerind Foundation, Inc. spent the first three weeks of December, 1948, excavating a ball court at the archaeological site of Arizona:BB:15:3, which is located in Cochise County, Sec. 20, T15S, R20E. The actual village area is located on the west bank of the San Pedro River twenty-two miles north of the city of Benson at an approximate elevation of 3300 feet.The ball court was located in the north half of the village on a terrace some forty feet above the river channel. It appeared as a shallow but conspicuous oval depression which was overgrown with mesquite trees and other desert flora of the Sonoran plateau type. Fortunately the court had not been disturbed by any previous excavations nor by erosion (Fig. 86, a).

The Arboreal Lichen Flora of Southeastern Arizona

The lichen flora of Arizona is imperfectly known. Fink's early treatments (1909, 1909a) of the lichens of the Desert Laboratory domain (near Tucson) constitute the onliy floristic papers on lichens for the state. The desert species treated in these papers and other incidental collections cited in Fink's flora (1935) comprise only a portion of the lichen flora of Arizona. Monographic studies such as that of Berry (1941) on Parmelia reflect the lack of systematic collecting in the state in the sparsity of specimen citations. This paper presents a study of the arboreal lichen flora of southeastern Arizona. The area included is bounded on the north by the Gila River and on the west by the Baboquivari Mountains; and it includes eastern Pima, eastern Pinal, Graham, Santa Cruz, and Cochise counties. Approximately 600 collections of corticolous and lignicolous lichens were made over the period 1943-1947 from all important tree species and large shrubs throughout the vegetational regions represented in this area.

Growth and Feeding of Newborn Price's and Green Rock Rattlesnakes

On August 9th, 1941, a 429 mm. female green rock rattlesnake, Crotalus lepidus klauberi, collected in Carr Canyon, Huachuca Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona, gave birth to four young, three males and one female. At 12 noon, when they were first found, three had already been born, but the fourth did not emerge until an hour later. All were irritable from the first, promptly broke the membranous sacs in which they were enclosed and struck violently at any passing object. All were marked and colored much like the adults except that the delicate pink along the venter of the latter was not in evidence; and the tails, which in the adult are salmon or terra cotta red (including the basal segment of the rattle) were brilliant sulphur yellow for at least their distal half and the pre-button of the rattle.

REVISIONS OF STATUS OF SOUTHWESTERN DESERT TREES AND SHRUBS

CALLIANDRA humilis Benth. var. reticulata (A. Gray) L. Benson, comb. nov. Acacia humilis Schlect. Linnaea 12: 567. 1938, not C. humilis Benth. in 1846. C. reticulata A. Gray, P1. Wright. 2: 53. 1853. Feuilleea humilis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. P1. 1: 188. 1891. F. reticulata Kuntze, loc. cit. 189. Anneslia reticulata Britt. Trans. N. Y. Acad. 14: 32. 1894. Anneslia reticulata Britt. & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23: 57. 1928. Primary leaflets in 1-2 or occasionally 3 or rarely 4 pairs; secondary leaflets 5 or commonly 7-11 mm. long, 2 or commonly 3.5-6 mm. broad, with often more than 2 conspicuous veins; leaflets, sepals, and pods glabrous or nearly so. Mostly in the yellow pine forests, the oak woodland, and the juniper-pinyon woodland at levels higher than the typical variety. Arizona from the Mogollon Rim southward to Santa Cruz and Cochise counties; New Mexico; Mexico. Type collections (1.) A. humilis, Pr. Raglam in pratis .... (C. Ehrenbergh). (2.) C. reticulata, Stony hills at the copper mines [Santa Rita], New Mexico; Aug. (1045.) Wright, GH. Corresponding characters of the typical variety have proved unstable. They are as follows: primary leaflets in 3-6 pairs; secondary leaflets 2.5-7 mm. long, 1.5-2.2 mm. broad or larger in occasional plants, with usually not more than two conspicuous veins; leaflets, sepals, and pods distinctly but not densely appressed-pubescent. Desert grassland and oak woodland at 3,500 to 5,000 feet elevation or rarely in yellow pine forests at as much as 7,000 feet. Arizona from Coconino County to Santa Cruz and Cochise counties; New Mexico; western Texas; Mexico.

Field Notes on Some Arizona Reptiles and Amphibians

The forty species of reptiles and amphibians contained in this report are represented by 101 specimens collected in Arizona in the Huachuca Mountains, the Chiricahua Mountains, the Douglas-Cochise region, Cochise County, and in the Tucson region in Pima County during sixteen days, from July 8th to 23rd, 1941. Besides observations on most of the habitats in which the specimens were collected, there are observations on the feeding, breeding, and behavior of many of them in captivity especially of some of the rarer rattlesnakes.

Food Habits of the Banner-Tailed Kangaroo Rat in Arizona

To supplement an earlier life history study (Monson and Kessler, 1940) of the banner-tailed kangaroo rat (Dipodomys s. spectabilis), 65 dens were excavated and their food storages measured and analyzed, from June, 1939,to July, 1940. The study was made in the southern part of the Sulphur Springs Valley, Cochise County, Arizona in an area delimited on the south by the town of Douglas, on the east by the Pedrogosa and Swisshelm mountains, on the north by a line due east from the town of Pearce, and on the west by the towns of Courtland, Gleeson, and Lowell. The elevation is 4,000 to 4,500 feet, and the average annual rainfall about 12 inches. The general vegetation is a mixed browse-grass type, with extensive, almost pure, stands of tobosa grass (Hilaria mutica) and sacaton grass (Sporobolus wrightii). Mesquite (Prosopis chilensis var. glandulosa), mescat acacia (Acacia constricta), long-flowered catclaw (A. greggii), and creosotebush (Larrea divaricata) are the browse plants, and Rothrock grama (Bouteloua rothrockii), fluffgrass (Triodia pulchella), and the three-awns (Aristida spp.) are the grasses. In this type, bannertails are most common in a particular association (usually moderately to heavily grazed) of Rothrock grama, mesquite, soaptree yucca (Yucca elata), with a variety of less common perennial species and some annuals. Annual vegetation is only locally predominant, and light winter precipitation in 1939-1940 further tended to minimize its role in