Cobalt Sites Research Articles

Oxygen exchange and phase stability of Y0.8Ca0.2BaCo4-xMxO7+δ (M = Fe, Ga, Al)

Using the sol-gel method, the complex oxides Y0.8Ca0.2BaCo4-xMxO7, where M = Fe, Ga, and Al, with swedenborgite-type structure, were synthesized. The slight replacement of Y by Ca is shown to facilitate doping at cobalt sites. The introduction of iron in place of cobalt is accompanied by a shift in the low-temperature oxygen exchange reaction to higher temperatures. The codoped oxides Y0.8Ca0.2BaCo3.8M0.2O7 demonstrate phase stability at heating in air up to 1000 °C.

A comprehensive study on Ni-Doped cobalt ferrites for optical response and anti-bacterial activity

In the current study, Ni doped CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were fabricated using well-known hydrothermal method. The structural, morphological, optical, and antibacterial activity were analyzed through the latest analytical techniques. The Fd-cubic spinel crystal structure was observed with variations in crystallite sizes and lattice parameters of synthesized samples. The growth of spherical and uniform nanoparticles with the presence of expected elements are observed from field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-rays analysis, respectively. A broad absorption band was shown in UV-visible absorption spectroscopy in the wavelength range of 200-320 nm. A significant increase in the energy band gap was observed from 2.98 eV to 3.56 eV as the concentration of dopant increased from 2% to 6%. The antibacterial activities of the samples were investigated against Staph aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. Coli through the well-known Agar well diffusion method. The pure and Ni-doped CoFe2O4 exhibits a maximum zone of inhibition (3-25 mm), proposing that these materials are efficient against bacterial resistance. Further, the enhancement in value of the inhibition zone by substitution of Ni at cobalt sites recommended that it is a potential candidate for biomedical applications and can be highly effective against the high resistance of different bacteria.

ZIF-derived porous carbon supported cobalt and selenium dual sites enhanced oxygen reduction reaction

Non-noble metal based oxygen-reduction electrocatalysts with high performance in acidic medium are of great importance to application of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Dual-sites catalysts with rational design are essential to promote the sluggish kinetics of oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) owing to the synergistic effect. However, the study of dual sites is mainly based on metal atom pairs and need further mechanism exploration for guiding the reasonable design. Herein, a novel designed dual-sites electrocatalyst with high dispersed Co-Nx and Se–C dual sites embedded in ZIF-derived porous carbon frameworks was successfully synthesized, which displayed a positive ORR activity with a half-wave potential of 0.764 V (vs. RHE) as well as a high stability in 0.5 M H2SO4. Besides, the prepared Co–Se–N–C-2 sample exhibited a high ORR activity with a peak power density of 297 mW cm−2 and a low charge-transfer resistant of 0.326 Ω when this catalyst was employed in the H2/O2 fuel cell test. Furthermore, experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations revealed that the constructed Co/Se dual sites had multiple effects. In addition to providing additional active sites, the introduction of Se can effectively modulate the charge redistribution, enhance the efficiency of charge transfer, and reduce the energy barrier of the desorption process of the ORR pathway. These multiple effects promote the ORR kinetics and improve the catalytic performance.

Co3O4 anchored on sepiolite surface grooves for superior adsorption of tetracycline from wastewater

Due to the low valence band maximum value, Co3O4 is an outstanding catalyst, but its utilization in adsorption needs to be addressed. In this study, we proposed a novel method for loading aggregation-prone Co3O4 onto sepiolite (Sep) to facilitate tetracycline (TC) adsorption. The XRD, TEM, and FTIR analyses demonstrated that the highly dispersed Co3O4 was successfully anchored on the sepiolite grooves via the Si-OH on the sepiolite surface’s grooves to the cobalt site in Co3O4. We firstly proposed a view of how metal oxide aggregates are confined to the grooves on the surface of sepiolite (via Si-OH at the edges of the grooves on the sepiolite surface). The ultra-high sorption capacity of Co3O4-Sep is 219.53 mg/g for TC, which is three times that of Sep (70.75 mg/g) and Co3O4 (85.29 mg/g). The kinetic and isotherm results fitting suggested that the adsorption of TC on Co3O4-Sep mainly contributed to the multilayer chemisorption adsorption process. Thermodynamic investigations revealed the spontaneous endothermic reaction of TC adsorption on Co3O4-Sep. Co3O4 strengthened the complexation between the composite and functional groups of TC, significantly increasing TC adsorption capacity. In addition, the Co3O4-Sep retained an extraordinary adsorption capacity with the presence of competing ions, at strongly acidic and alkaline pH values and after three cycles. Therefore, this study offers new perspectives on applying cobalt-based materials and demonstrates the potential for antibiotic adsorption in the prepared composites.

Cobalt Vanadate (Co3V2O8) Hollow Microspheres as a Polysulfide Adsorption and Conversion Catalyst for Li–S Batteries

A lithium–sulfur battery (Li–S) is considered as one of the most suitable emerging energy storage technologies for electric vehicles (EVs) due to its higher specific capacity, energy density, and low cost. However, the dissolution of lithium polysulfides (LiPS) in an electrolyte causes a huge shuttle effect, which results in poor cycle life and rate performance. Herein, Co3V2O8 (CVO) hollow microspheres have been prepared by the solvothermal method and used as catalyst additives to the sulfur electrode (cathode host). It was found that CVO acts as a bifunctional additive, the vanadium and oxygen sites immobilize the LiPS through V–S and Li–O interactions, while the cobalt site facilitates the rapid conversion of long-chain LiPS into short ones (Li2S2/Li2S). Furthermore, the hollow microspheres act as a sulfur reservoir and can confine (encapsulate) more LiPS during the electrochemical conversion process, thus inhibiting the shuttle effect. In this work, the chemical adsorption and polysulfide conversion ability of CVO is corroborated by XPS and cyclic voltammetry studies, respectively. Even at a higher sulfur loading of 5.4 mg cm–2, CVO containing the Li–S cell (denoted as S@CVO/CNT Vs Li) demonstrates an initial discharge capacity of 694 mAh g–1 at 0.5 C, and after 200 cycles, the observed capacity is 566 mAh g–1, which amounts to 81% capacity retention. Similarly, the cell delivers an excellent rate capability of up to 5 C rate. At the 1 C rate, the cell shows an initial discharge capacity of 904 mAh g–1 (S-loading of 3 mg cm–2) and 692 mAh g–1 after 300 cycles with 77% capacity retention.

Coordination-Controlled Catalytic Activity of Cobalt Oxides for Ozone Decomposition.

Nowadays, it is still elusive and challenging to discover the active sites of cobalt (Co) cations in different coordination structures, though Co-based oxides show their great potency in catalytic ozone elimination for air cleaning. Herein, different Co-based oxides are controllably synthesized including hexagonal wurtzite CoO-W with Co2+ in tetrahedral coordination (CoTd2+) and CoAl spinel with dominant CoTd2+, cubic rock salt CoO-R with Co2+ in octahedral coordination (CoOh2+), MgCo spinel with dominant Co3+ in octahedral coordination (CoOh3+), and Co3O4 with mixed CoTd2+ and CoOh3+. The valences are proved by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the coordinations are verified by X-ray absorption fine structure analysis. The ozone decomposition performances are CoOh3+ ∼ CoOh2+ ≫ CoTd2+, and CoOh3+ and CoOh2+ show a lower apparent activation energy of ∼42-44 kJ/mol than CoTd2+ (∼55 kJ/mol). In specific, MgCo shows the highest decomposition efficiency of 95% toward 100 ppm ozone at a high space velocity of 1,200,000 mL/gh, which still retains at 80% after a long-term running of 36 h at room temperature. The high activity is explained by the d-orbital splitting in the octahedral coordination, favoring the electron transfer in ozone decomposition reactions, which is also verified by the simulation. These results show the promising prospect of the coordination tuning of Co-based oxides for highly active ozone decomposition catalysts.

Regulated High‐Spin State and Constrained Charge Behavior of Active Cobalt Sites in Covalent Organic Frameworks for Promoting Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction

AbstractA novel type of covalent organic frameworks has been developed by assembling definite cobalt‐nitrogen‐carbon configurations onto carbon nanotubes using linkers that have varying electronic effects. This innovative approach has resulted in an efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction, which is understood by a combination of in situ spectroelectrochemistry and the bond order theorem. The strong interaction between the electron‐donating carbon nanotubes and the electron‐accepting linker mitigates the trend of charge loss at cobalt sites, while inducing the generation of high spin state. This enhances the adsorption strength and electron transfer between the cobalt center and reactants/intermediates, leading to an improved oxygen reduction capability. This work not only presents an effective strategy for developing efficient non‐noble metal electrocatalysts through reticular chemistry, but also provides valuable insights into regulating the electronic configuration and charge behavior of active sites in designing high‐performance electrocatalysts.

Regulated High-Spin State and Constrained Charge Behavior of Active Cobalt Sites in Covalent Organic Frameworks for Promoting Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction.

A novel type of covalent organic frameworks has been developed by assembling definite cobalt-nitrogen-carbon configurations onto carbon nanotubes using linkers that have varying electronic effects. This innovative approach has resulted in an efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction, which is understood by a combination of in situ spectroelectrochemistry and the bond order theorem. The strong interaction between the electron-donating carbon nanotubes and the electron-accepting linker mitigates the trend of charge loss at cobalt sites, while inducing the generation of high spin state. This enhances the adsorption strength and electron transfer between the cobalt center and reactants/intermediates, leading to an improved oxygen reduction capability. This work not only presents an effective strategy for developing efficient non-noble metal electrocatalysts through reticular chemistry, but also provides valuable insights into regulating the electronic configuration and charge behavior of active sites in designing high-performance electrocatalysts.

Delayed Severe Gingivitis After Placement of Orthodontic Braces in an Atopic Teenager: A Case Report and Literature Review.

We report a case of a 15-year-old atopic patient presenting with delayed, severe ulcerative hypertrophic gingivitis after placement of orthodontic braces, which required removal of braces and restorative laser surgical procedures. Patch testing to multiple metals and chemicals showed weak positive reactions to steel bands and formaldehyde. The patient experienced urticarial, gingivitis, and other intraoral symptoms after patch testing and re-exposure to nickel-containing products. In contrast, nickel, cobalt, and cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) bracket patch testing sites were negative. Nickel-caused contact dermatitis is Type IV delayed hypersensitivity reaction occurring at least 24 h after exposure. This reaction can result in intraoral blisters, ulcerations, eczematous and urticarial reactions of the face and more distant skin areas. This case illustrates the intraoral delayed response, symptom resolution after removing the braces, and brackets and local reactions upon subsequent nickel exposure, despite negative patch testing and lymphocyte stimulation test to nickel. This case further illustrates the difficulty associated with diagnosing nickel allergy.

Boosting the Electrocatalytic Performance of CoPt Alloy with Enhanced Electron Transfer via Atomically Dispersed Cobalt Sites.

Designing electrocatalysts with strong electronic metal-support interaction can effectively regulate the electronic properties of metal active centers, therefore maximizing the catalytic performance. As a proof of concept, heteroatoms doped carbon with CoPt alloy and isolated Co single atoms (CoPtCoSA@NSC) are synthesized using CoPt bimetallic metal-organic framework as the precursor in this work. The existence of CoSA on the carbon substrate leads to more electron transfer between CoPt and the support, and appropriate upward shift of the d band center of the catalysts, which can effectively reduce the reaction barrier of rate determine step and boost the catalytic performance of CoPt alloy. The enhanced catalytic activity and stability of CoPtCoSA@NSC are demonstrated experimentally. Remarkably, the overpotential for hydrogen evolution reaction is only 23mV at 10mAcm-2 and the half-wave potential for oxygen reduction reaction is 0.90V, both exceeding the commercial Pt/C benchmark. In addition, CoPtCoSA@NSC also exhibits great potential as a cathode electrocatalyst for Zn-air battery, in terms of large open circuit potential of 1.53V, high power density of 184mWcm-2 , as well as superior cycling stability. This work provides a novel strategy for regulating the electronic structure and catalytic performance of alloy based electrocatalysts.

Chromium-doped inverse spinel electrocatalysts with optimal orbital occupancy for facilitating reaction kinetics of lithium-oxygen batteries

Tailored electrocatalysts that can modulate their electronic structure are highly desirable to facilitate the reaction kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxidation reduction reaction (ORR) in lithium-oxygen batteries (LOB). Although octahedron predominant inverse spinels (e.g., CoFe2O4) have been proposed as promising candidates for catalytic reactions, their performance has remained unsatisfactory. Herein, the chromium (Cr) doped CoFe2O4 nanoflowers (Cr-CoFe2O4) are elaborately constructed on nickel foam as a bifunctional electrocatalyst that drastically improves the performance of LOB. The results show that the partially oxidized Cr6+ stabilizes the cobalt (Co) sites at high-valence and regulates the electronic structure of Co sites, facilitating the oxygen redox kinetics of LOB due to their strong electron-withdrawing capability. Moreover, DFT calculations and ultraviolet photoelectron spectrometer (UPS) results consistently demonstrate that Cr doping optimizes the eg electron filling state of the active octahedral Co sites, significantly improves the covalency of Co-O bonds, and enhances the degree of Co 3d-O 2p hybrids. As a result, Cr-CoFe2O4 catalyzed LOB can achieve low overpotential (0.48 V), high discharge capacity (22030 mA h g−1) and long-term cycling durability (over 500 cycles at 300 mA g−1). This work promotes the oxygen redox reaction and accelerates the electron transfer between Co ions and oxygen-containing intermediates, highlighting the potential of Cr-CoFe2O4 nanoflowers as bifunctional electrocatalysts for LOB.

Modifying Enzymatic Substrate Binding within a Metal-Organic Capsule for Supramolecular Catalysis.

Supramolecular catalysis is established to modify reaction kinetics by substrate encapsulation, but manipulating the thermodynamics of electron-transfer reactions remains unexplored. Herein, we reported a new microenvironment-shielding approach to induce an anodic shift in the redox potentials of hydrazine substrates, reminiscent of the enzymatic activation for N-N bond cleavage within a metal-organic capsule H1. Equipped with the catalytic active cobalt sites and substrate-binding amide groups, H1 encapsulated the hydrazines to form the substrate-involving clathration intermediate, triggering the catalytic reduction N-N bond cleavage when electrons were acquired from the electron donors. Compared with the reduction of free hydrazines, the conceptual molecular confined microenvironment decreases the Gibbs free energy (up to -70 kJ mol-1), which is relevant to the initial electron-transfer reaction. Kinetic experiments demonstrate a Michaelis-Menten mechanism, which involves the formation of the pre-equilibrium of substrate-binding, followed by bond cleavage. Then, the distal N is released as NH3 and the product is squeezed. Integrating fluorescein into H1 enabled the photoreduction of N2H4 with an initial rate of ca. 1530 nmol min-1 into ammonia, comparable to that of natural MoFe proteins; thus, the approach provides an attractive manifold toward mimicking enzymatic activation.

Competitive Coordination-Oriented Monodispersed Cobalt Sites on a N-Rich Porous Carbon Microsphere Catalyst for High-Performance Zn-Air Batteries.

Metal/nitrogen-doped carbon single-atom catalysts (M-N-C SACs) show excellent catalytic performance with a maximum atom utilization and customizable tunable electronic structure. However, precisely modulating the M-Nx coordination in M-N-C SACs remains a grand challenge. Here, we used a N-rich nucleobase coordination self-assembly strategy to precisely regulate the dispersion of metal atoms by controlling the metal ratio. Meanwhile, the elimination of Zn during pyrolysis produced porous carbon microspheres with a specific surface area of up to 1151 m2 g-1, allowing maximum exposure of Co-N4 sites and facilitating charge transport in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) process. Thereby, the monodispersed cobalt sites (Co-N4) in N-rich (18.49 at%) porous carbon microspheres (CoSA/N-PCMS) displayed excellent ORR activity under alkaline conditions. Simultaneously, the Zn-air battery (ZAB) assembled with CoSA/N-PCMS outperformed Pt/C+RuO2-based ZABs in terms of power density and capacity, proving that they have good prospects for practical application.

Role of benzene tricarboxylic acid in regulating cobalt-titania interface-interaction to access highly dispersed cobalt nanoparticles catalyst

Finding a robust cobalt catalyst with highly exposed metallic, active sites has been challenging but highly desirable. Extending our in-situ hybridization route, herein we prepared a highly dispersed and accessible CoOx#TiO2 catalyst via interface engineering induced by the benzene tricarboxylic acid (BTC). At the optimized content of BTC (molar ratio of BTC/Co=1), the introduced BTC exerted two vital roles in providing active cobalt center, one is retarding the creation of hard-reducible cobalt titanate (CoTiO3) to facilitate the reduction of CoOx species, the other is stabilizing the anatase phase and retaining a relatively high surface area to well-disperse the cobalt nanoparticles. As a result, the selected CoOx#TiO2, affording a large number of accessible metallic cobalt sites, showed an excellent furfuryl alcohol productivity of 31 gFOL·gCo-1·h-1 at 140 oC and 2.0 MPa, which is among the top values reported by other scientists. SynopsisThe BTC ligands can stabilize the anatase and retard the creation of hard-reducible cobalt titanate (CoTiO3), affording high number of accessible metallic cobalt species. An excellent FOL productivity of 31 gFUR·gCo-1·h-1 at 140 oC and 2.0 MPa was achieved.

Regulation of Impedance Matching and Dielectric Loss Properties of N-Doped Carbon Hollow Nanospheres Modified With Atomically Dispersed Cobalt Sites for Microwave Energy Attenuation.

The rational design of lightweight, broad-band, and high-performance microwave absorbers is urgently required for addressing electromagnetic pollution issue. Metal single atoms (M-SAs) absorbers receive considerable interest in the field of microwave absorption due to the unique electronic structures of M-SAs. However, the simultaneous engineering of the morphology and electronic structure of M-SAs based absorbers remains challenging. Herein, a template-assisted method is utilized to fabricate isolated Co-SAs on N-doped hollow carbon spheres (NHCS@Co-SAs) for high-performance microwave absorption. The combination of atomically dispersed Co sites and hollow supports endows NHCS@Co-SAs with excellent microwave absorption properties. Typically, at an ultralow filler content of 8wt%, the minimum reflection loss and effective absorption bandwidth of the NHCS@Co-SAs are up to -44.96dB and 5.25GHz, respectively, while the absorbing thickness is only 2mm. Theoretical calculations and experimental results indicate that the impedance matching characteristic and dielectric loss of the NHCSs can be tuned via the introduction of M-SAs, which are responsible for the excellent microwave absorption properties of NHCS@Co-SAs. This work provides an atomic-level insight into the relationship between the electronic states of absorbers and their microwave absorption properties for developing advanced microwave absorbers.

Manipulating the Dynamic Self-Reconstruction of CoP Electrocatalyst Driven by Charge Transport and Ion Leaching.

Surface reconstruction of electrocatalysts is very important to clarify the structure-component-activity relationship. In this work, in situ Raman and ex situ technologies are used to capture the surface structure evolution of F-Fe-CoP during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The results reveal that the leaching of F accelerates the dynamic reconstruction response of CoP to rapidly convert into active (oxy)hydroxide species. The further introduction of Fe can accelerate the charge transfer rate and alleviate the structural stacking caused by insufficient kinetics. The introduction of F and Fe increases the electron occupation states of cobalt sites and promotes the adsorption of OH- ions on the CoP catalyst, which significantly improves the OER performance. F-Fe-CoP exhibits excellent OER performance with an overpotential of 259mV at 20mA cm-2 . This finding enriches the OER mechanism associated with the surface reconstruction of CoP and provides a reference for the rational design of efficient electrocatalysts.

Promoting CO2 Dynamic Activation via Micro-Engineering Technology for Enhancing Electrochemical CO2 Reduction.

Optimizing the coordination structure and microscopic reaction environment of isolated metal sites is promising for boosting catalytic activity for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR) but is still challenging to achieve. Herein, a newly electrostatic induced self-assembly strategy for encapsulating isolated Ni-C3 N1 moiety into hollow nano-reactor as I-Ni SA/NHCRs is developed, which achievesFECO of 94.91% at -0.80V, the CO partial current density of ≈-15.35mA cm-2 , superior to that with outer Ni-C2 N2 moiety (94.47%, ≈-12.06mA cm-2 ), or without hollow structure (92.30%, ≈-5.39mA cm-2 ), and high FECO of ≈98.41% at 100mA cm-2 in flow cell. COMSOL multiphysics finite-element method and density functional theory (DFT) calculation illustrate that the excellent activity for I-Ni SA/NHCRs should be attributed to the structure-enhanced kinetics process caused by its hollow nano-reactor structure and unique Ni-C3 N1 moiety, which can enrich electron on Ni sites and positively shift d-band center to the Fermi level to accelerate the adsorption and activation of CO2 molecule and *COOH formation. Meanwhile, this strategy also successfully steers the design of encapsulating isolated iron and cobalt sites into nano-reactor, while I-Ni SA/NHCRs-based zinc-CO2 battery assembled with a peak power density of 2.54mW cm--2 is achieved.

Cobalt–aluminum oxide clusters-embedded γ-Al2O3 nanosheets for peroxymonosulfate activation: Interfacial pH-buffering property to eliminate cobalt leaching and boost the catalytic activity

Cobalt–aluminum oxide clusters-embedded γ-Al2O3 nanosheets (CAO@AO) were facilely fabricated and developed for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. Interestingly, the Al–OH-rich amphiphilic surface of CAO@AO endowed the catalyst with unique interfacial pH-buffering property, which stabilized the reaction media at nearly neural level and thus prevented the cobalt sites from leaching. Moreover, the presence of Al–OH groups around the Co−Al oxide clusters facilitated the activation of PMS and the redox cycle of Co2+/Co3+, which resulted in a boosted catalytic activity. Consequently, the CAO@AO exhibited zero leaching of cobalt and high efficacy for PMS activation, enabling complete and ultrafast removal of metronidazole with a significantly higher turnover frequency (TOF, 1.83 min−1) than that of Co3O4 (0.004 min−1). It was also demonstrated that introducing suitable foreign metal into CAO@AO could further enhance the catalytic activity (e.g., TOF of Mn(40%)-CAO@AO: 5.80 min−1). Furthermore, Mn(40%)-CAO@AO-decorated granular support was synthesized that dominated a continuous-flow degradation in column reaction system.

Atomic hydrogen provision by cobalt sites in a bimetallic Ni/Co(OH)x and trimetallic Ni/Cu2O/Co(OH)x configurations for superior ammonia production

Electrochemical reduction of nitrate provides a green alternative for decentralized ammonia production by selectively transforming a pollutant in an added-value product. Electrocatalysts containing platinum group metals (PGM) present a high selectivity and stability for ammonia production. However, these cost-prohibitive elements motivate the design of catalysts based on earth-abundant elements with comparable performance. Herein, Ni/Co(OH)x and Ni/Cu2O/Co(OH)x interfaces illustrate high competitiveness as PGM-free substitutive electrocatalyst. Evaluation of synergistic effects and mechanisms suggest co-existing direct charge transfer reduction and catalytic hydrogenation by atomic hydrogen provision over Co(OH)x sites. Trimetallic configuration reached high nitrate conversion (90.3 %) in less than 120 min when treating solutions at environmental-relevant concentration of 30 mg L−1 NO3--N. Meanwhile, electrode stability evaluation demonstrated high activity retention (>90 %) and negligible metal leaching after 12 h of sustained use. These results motivate the exploration of electrocatalyst based on earth-abundant materials for electrochemically driven N-resource recovery.

Radical-/non-radical-mediated catalyst activation of peroxymonosulfate for efficient atrazine degradation

Efficient degradation technologies are urgent to be developed to avoid the ecological and healthy hazards brought from atrazine (ATZ). LaCoO3-δ/peroxymonosulfate (PMS) system was proved to have strong degradation capabilities to contaminants. In this work, we intended to investigate the effect of the synthesis method on LaCoO3−δ. However, the hydrothermal method yielded a new material (H–Co) with better catalytic performance than LaCoO3−δ, which showed stable catalytic ability at pH 3.0–9.0 and 5 consecutive cycles. The coexistence of inorganic Cl−, SO42−, NO3−, H2PO4−, HCO3− and organic humic acids exerted little influences on the H–Co/PMS system. In addition, the actual livestock and poultry breeding wastewater could be well degraded and mineralized by the H–Co/PMS system. Free radical burst experiments and EPR characterization were performed to verify the synergistic effects of free radicals and non-free radicals during ATZ degradation. Based on SEM, XRD, O2-TPD, FTIR, XPS, and electrochemistry characterizations, the efficient catalytic ability of H–Co could be attributed to the abundant oxygen vacancies, surface hydroxyl groups, zero-valent cobalt sites and high electronic conductivity. The degradation pathways were proposed based on the detection of degradation intermediates of ATZ by UPLC-MS. Moreover, the toxic of ATZ during the oxidation was evaluated by TEXT and E. coli inhibition assay. This work comprehensively analyzed the catalytic reaction mechanism of the H–Co/PMS system and provided a feasible pathway for the treatment of the actual livestock and poultry breeding wastewater.